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565 results for “Herbivory”

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zenodo28/100

Fig. 6 in Preference of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for volatiles of Bt maize induced by multiple herbivory

Fig. 6. Projection to principal component analysis (PCA) based on the headspace composition of volatiles of conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae (C + Tu = •); conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae and Spodoptera frugiperda (C + Tu + Sf = +); Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae (Bt + Tu = N); Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae and S. frugiperda (Bt + Tu + Sf = *), using the first two principal components (Dim) with explained variance in brackets.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Increased root herbivory under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is reversed by silicon-based plant defences

Predicted increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may alter the susceptibility of many plants to insect herbivores due to changes in plant nutrition and defences. Silicon plays a critical role in plant defence against herbivores, so increasing such silicon-based defences in plants may help remediate situations where plants become more susceptible to herbivores. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) were subjected to fully factorial treatment combinations of ambient (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) atmospheric CO2 concentrations; ambient silicon or silicon supplementation; insect-free or subject to root herbivory by greyback canegrub (Dermolepida albohirtum). A glasshouse study was used to determine how these factors affected rates of photosynthesis, growth, chemistry (concentrations of silicon, carbon, nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates). Changes in canegrub mass were determined in the glasshouse pot study, together with more detailed assessment of how eCO2 and silicon supplementation affected performance and feeding behaviour (relative growth rate and relative consumption) in a 24-hour feeding efficiency assay. eCO2 and silicon supplementation increased rates of photosynthesis (+32% and 14%, respectively) sugarcane biomass (+45% and 69%, respectively). Silicon supplementation increased silicon concentrations in both leaves and roots by 54% and 75%, respectively. eCO2 caused root C:N to increase by 12%. Canegrub performance and consumption increased under eCO2; relative growth rate (RGR) increased by 116% and consumed 57% more root material (suggestive of compensatory feeding). Silicon application reversed these effects, with large decreases in mass change, RGR and root consumption (65% less root mass consumed). Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could lead to increased crop damage by a below-ground herbivore. Increasing bioavailable silicon in soil stimulated silicon-based defences which dramatically decreased herbivory and herbivore performance. Our findings suggest future pest management strategies could benefit from characterising deficiencies in bioavailable silicon in agricultural soils and targeted application of silicon fertilisers. Moreover, future breeding programmes should exploit variation in silicon uptake between cultivars to enhance silicon uptake in new crop varieties. Silicon-based plant defence proved to be highly beneficial for remediating the negative effects of atmospheric change on sugarcane susceptibility to herbivory and could be applicable in other crops.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Legacy effects of herbivory enhance performance and resistance of progeny plants

1. Herbivory-induced changes in plant resistance and tolerance traits can mediate the interaction between spatially and temporally separated above- and belowground herbivores. However, it is unknown how long the impact of transient herbivory events last or if legacy effects can be detected systemically in the plant and across plant generations. 2. Here, we studied the impact of transient aboveground herbivory by the specialist caterpillar Manduca sexta on the plant traits of wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and the consequences for belowground root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita in short-term, long-term, and transgenerational experiments. 3. In the short- and long-term experiments, above- and belowground herbivory had significant, albeit independent, impacts on key plant traits such as plant biomass, nutrient content, and secondary metabolites. In addition, herbivory influenced fitness parameters such as seed yield and quality. In the long-term and transgenerational experiments, transient aboveground herbivory had facilitating effects on nematodes, irrespective of any treatments of the parental plants. We found evidence for transgenerational legacy effects of both above- and belowground herbivory on the resistance of progeny plants against aboveground herbivores. Additionally, belowground herbivory in the parental generation increased the root biomass of progeny plants. 4. Synthesis. Our results suggest that herbivory may have a long-term impact on plant fitness by improving the performance of progeny plants challenged by above- and belowground herbivory.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad28/100