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1,200 results for “Meta analysis”
Decline effects are rare in ecology: a meta-meta-analysis
<p>The scientific evidence base on any given topic changes over time as more studies are published. Currently, there is widespread concern about non-random, directional changes over time in the scientific evidence base associated with many topics. In particular, if studies finding large effects (e.g., large differences between treatment and control means) tend to get published quickly, while small effect sizes tend to get published slowly, the net result will be a decrease over time in the estimated magnitude of the mean effect size, known as a "decline effect". If decline effects are common, then the published scientific literature will provide a biased and misleading guide to management decisions, and to the allocation of future research effort. We compiled data from 466 meta-analyses in ecology to look for evidence of decline effects. We found that decline effects are rare. Only ~5% of ecological meta-analyses truly exhibit a directional change in mean effect size over time arising for some reason other than random chance, usually but not always in the direction of decline. Most apparent directional changes in mean effect size over time are attributable to regression to the mean, consistent with primary studies being published in random order with respect to the effect sizes they report. Our results are good news: decline effects are the exception to the rule in ecology. Identifying and rectifying rare cases of true decline effects remains an important task, but ecologists should not overgeneralize from anecdotal reports of decline effects.</p>
Characteristics of studies selected for the meta-analysis
<p>Characteristics of studies selected for the meta-analysis</p>
Stranger danger: A meta-analysis of the dear enemy hypothesis
<p>The dear enemy hypothesis predicts that territorial individuals will be less aggressive toward known neighbors than to strangers. This hypothesis has been well studied and there is a wealth of data demonstrating its prevelance among some taxa. However, a quantitative synthesis is needed to test the generality of the phenomenon, identify key mechanisms driving the behavior, and guide future research. Here we made a comprehensive collection of Dear Enemy data from 138 studies representing 105 species spread over eight taxonomic classes. The associated paper finds that Dear Enemy is a common phenomenon but drivers of this phenomenon are still understudied and current knowledge is unable to disentangle competing hypotheses of drivers of this behavior.</p>
Data for "Rotational grazing and multispecies herbal leys increase productivity in temperate pastoral systems – a meta-analysis"
<p>Supplementary files for systematic review and meta-analysis: "Rotational grazing and multispecies herbal leys increase productivity in temperate pastoral systems – a meta-analysis"</p>
Estimating biodiversity using symbolic meta analysis
<p>Global species richness is a key biodiversity metric. Concerns continue to grow over its decline due to overexploitation and habitat destruction by humans. Despite recent efforts to estimate global species richness, the resulting estimates have been highly uncertain and often logically inconsistent. Estimates lower down either the taxonomic or geographic hierarchies are often larger than those above. Further, these estimates have been typically represented in a wide variety of forms, including intervals (a, b), point estimates with no uncertainty, and point estimates with either symmetrical or asymmetrical bounds, making it difficult to combine information across different studies. Here, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical approach to estimate global species richness (we estimate 22.02m species; 95% HPD interval (10.43m, 35.28m)) that combines 50 estimates from published studies. The data mix of intervals and point estimates are reconciled using techniques from symbolic data analysis. This approach allows us to recover interval estimates at each species level, even when data are partially or wholly unobserved, while respecting logical constraints, and to determine the effects of estimation on the whole hierarchy of obtaining future estimates for particular taxa at various levels in the hierarchy.</p>
Supplemental material: Astrocyte biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Objective:</b> To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether fluid and imaging astrocyte biomarkers are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods:</b> PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles reporting fluid or imaging astrocyte biomarkers in AD. Pooled effect sizes were determined with mean differences (SMD) using the Hedge's G method with random-effects to determine biomarker performance. Adapted questions from QUADAS-2 were applied for quality assessment. A protocol for this study has been previously registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020192304).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results:</b> The initial search identified 1,425 articles. After exclusion criteria were applied, 33 articles (a total of 3,204 individuals) measuring levels of GFAP, S100B, YKL-40 and AQP4 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as MAO-B, indexed by positron emission tomography <sup>11</sup>C-deuterium-L-deprenyl ([<sup>11</sup>C]-DED), were included. GFAP (SMD = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.71-1.18) and YKL-40 (SMD = 0.76; CI 95% = 0.63-0.89) levels in the CSF, S100B levels in the blood (SMD = 2.91; CI 95% = 1.01-4.8) were found significantly increased in AD patients. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions:</b> Despite significant progress, applications of astrocyte biomarkers in AD remain in their early days. The meta-analysis demonstrated that astrocyte biomarkers are consistently altered in AD and supports further investigation for their inclusion in the AD clinical research framework for observational and interventional studies.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Meta-analysis of phenotypic plasticity in response to thermal treatments in invertebrates
<p>Populations must adapt to environmental changes to remain viable. Both evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to adaptation, with plasticity possibly being more important for coping with rapid change. Adaptation is complex in species with separate sexes, as the sexes can differ in the strength or direction of natural selection, the genetic basis of trait variation, and phenotypic plasticity. Many species show sex differences in plasticity, yet how these differences influence extinction susceptibility remains unclear. We first extend theoretical models of population persistence in changing environments and show that persistence is affected by sexual dimorphism for phenotypic plasticity, trait genetic architecture, and sex-specific selection. Our models predict that female-biased adaptive plasticity—particularly in traits with modest-to-low cross-sex genetic correlations— typically promotes persistence, though we also identify conditions where sexually monomorphic or male-biased plasticity promotes persistence. We then perform a meta-analysis of sex-specific plasticity under manipulated thermal conditions. Although examples of sexually dimorphic plasticity are widely observed, systematic sex differences are rare. An exception—cold resistance—is systematically female-biased and represents a trait wherein sexually dimorphic plasticity might elevate population viability in changing environments. We discuss our results in light of debates about the roles of evolution and plasticity in extinction susceptibility.</p>
Phosphorus supply increases nitrogen transformation rates and retention in soil: a global meta-analysis
<p>Interactions between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are important for plant growth and ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. While effects of N supply on P dynamics have been much studied, much less is known about the opposite (P-effect on N). We conducted a meta-analysis by compiling a total of 1734 individual experimental observations from 116 peer-reviewed publications to assess P-addition effects on soil N dynamics. Globally, P additions increased the soil total N (TN) pool, potentially as a result of enhanced plant and microbial immobilization and reduced N losses, with a stronger effect detected under longer duration of P addition (≥ 5 years). A coupled increase in soil organic C with TN signifies the fundamental role of exogenous P supply in enhancing soil C sequestration. Phosphorus addition accelerated some of the soil N cycling processes including gross N mineralization, gross nitrification, and denitrification, with the effect sizes varying among ecosystem types and increasing with P addition rates. Our results indicate the fundamental role of P in affecting soil N pools and processes, and highlight the efficacy of P supply in sequestering soil C and mitigating global C emission.</p>
Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials
<p>Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials</p>
Fire decreases soil enzyme activities and reorganizes microbially-mediated nutrient cycles: a meta-analysis
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The biogeochemical signature of fire shapes the functioning of many ecosystems. Fire changes nutrient cycles not only by volatilizing plant material, but also by altering organic matter decomposition—a process regulated by soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs). However, our understanding of fire effects on EEAs and their feedbacks to nutrient cycles is incomplete. We conducted a meta-analysis with 301 field studies and found that fire significantly decreased EEAs by ~20-40%. Fire decreased EEAs by decreasing soil microbial biomass and organic matter substrates. Soil nitrogen-acquiring EEA decreased alongside decreasing available nitrogen, likely from fire-driven volatilization of nitrogen and decreased microbial activity. Fire decreased soil phosphorus-acquiring EEA but increased available phosphorus, likely from pyro-mineralization of organic phosphorus. These findings suggest that fire suppresses soil microbes and consumes their substrates, thereby slowing microbially-mediated nutrient cycles (especially phosphorus) via decreased EEAs. These changes can become increasingly important as fire regimes in many ecosystems continue to shift in response to global change.</span></p>
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Liposuction and Liposuction in Combination with Microsurgery for Lymphedema Treatment: A Proportions Meta-Analysis
<p>Funnel plots for heterogenicity of each subgroup analysis. a) Excess Volume Reduction Lipo subgroup. b) Excess Volume Reduction Lipo+Micro subgroup. c) Decrease/reduction in post-operative use of compression garment subgroup Lipo. d) Decrease/reduction in post-operative use of compression garment subgroup Lipo+Micro. e) Post-operative reduction of erysipelas/cellulitis subgroup Lipo. f) Post-operative reduction of erysipelas/cellulitis subgroup Lipo+Micro.</p>
Source data used for meta-analysis
<p>File Name: Supplementary Data1</p> <p>Description: Data from articles published for meta-analysis</p> <p>File Name: Supplementary Data2</p> <p>Description: The sensitivity of rice yield losses to extreme temperatures using linear regression between the yield and intensity of the temperature extreme</p> <p>File Name: Supplementary Data3</p> <p>Description: Results from the meta-analysis investigating the effect of long-term manure amendment on soil fertility</p>
Excel data set for meta-analysis
<p>Data set for Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy-based interventions for maternal perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis</p>
Prognostic Value of High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in patients with In-Stent Restenosis: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
<p>Supplement figures</p>
Single-site robotic cholecystectomy versus single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>Single-site robotic cholecystectomy versus single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis</p>
Effectiveness of interventions to support the transition home after acute stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>Raw data used in systematic review</p>
Database for meta-analysis of herbivore impacts on plant-soil feedbacks
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>We conducted a meta-analysis to test for an interaction between plant-soil feedbacks and herbivory, including effects on the magnitude and direction of feedbacks, herbivore consumption and herbivore growth.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span> </span></em><span>We identified 197 studies to address herbivore impacts on plant-soil feedbacks and 189 studies to address plant-soil impacts on herbivores. We calculated Hedge's D values to assess three questions: 1) What is the plant-soil feedback value of plants exposed to herbivory or no herbivory? 2) What is the growth or biomass of herbivores feeding on plants exposed to home or away soils in plant-soil feedback studies? 3) How much plant tissue is consumed by herbivores on plants grown in home or away soils?</span></p> <p class="paragraph"><em> </em></p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="normaltextrun">We found an overall significant weak negative effect of herbivory on plant-soil feedbacks that varied by plant functional type. In legumes herbivory drove plant-soil feedbacks from positive to negative, but herbivory on forbs further decreased </span><span class="eop">negative feedbacks</span><span class="normaltextrun">.</span><span class="eop"> </span><span class="normaltextrun"> Herbivore consumption was generally greater on plants grown in away soils. However, herbivore consumption was greater in home soils conditioned by legumes but lower in home soils conditioned by forbs.</span></p> <p class="paragraph"><em> </em></p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="eop">Therefore plant functional type determines the impact of conditioned soil on feedbacks, and herbivore consumption explains these results for legumes but not forbs. </span></p>
Nitrous oxide emission and grain yield in Chinese winter wheat-summer maize rotation: A meta-analysis
<p>Collected data for the meta-analysis of the N2O emissions and grain yields in Chinese winter wheat-summer maize rotation. The manuscript is submitted to Agronomy.</p>
Identification of biomarkers for the earlier detection of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>All data analysed during this study are included in this excel sheet showing the steps in this systematic literature review process.</p>
Elevated CO2 alleviates adverse effects of drought on plant water relations and photosynthesis: a global meta-analysis
<p><span>1. </span><span>The elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) is expected to improve plant water relations and carbon (C) uptakes, with a potential to mitigate drought stress. However, the interactive effects of eCO2 and drought on plant physiology and growth are not clear. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We performed a meta-analysis on the interactive effects of eCO2 and drought on plant water relations, photosynthesis, biomass production and allocation. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>We found that eCO2 did not lead to conservation of soil water, but improved leaf water status under drought conditions as evidenced by a higher leaf relative water content and a less negative midday leaf water potential, resulting from reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and increased root to shoot ratio. Elevated CO2 retarded gs response to drought, which may be mediated by decreases in leaf abscisic acid concentration under eCO2 and drought. Drought imposed stomatal limitations on photosynthesis (A), which was alleviated by eCO2 via increasing intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). This led to a stronger A response to eCO2 under drought, supporting the "low Ci effect". However, no interaction of eCO2 and drought was detected on plant biomass production. Intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) increased proportionally with eCO2, while plant-scale WUE was less responsive to eCO2 regardless of water availability. The advantages of eCO2 on C3 plants over C4 plants under well-watered conditions diminished under drought conditions. Within C3 plants, drought caused a greater reduction in biomass for woody plants than for herbs. Biomass declined progressively as drought prolonged for plants growing in both ambient CO2 and eCO2. The physiology and biomass of plants growing in pots showed more negative responses to drought than those growing in field. Biomass increase in free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experiments was significantly less than those in growth chamber and open top chamber experiments. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Synthesis</span><span>. These findings suggest that eCO2 can alleviate the adverse impacts of drought on plant water relations and C sequestration, and are of significance in the prediction of plant growth and ecosystem productivity under global changes.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.