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3,947 results for “Requirements”
Data from: Quantifying water requirements of African ungulates through a combination of functional traits
<p>Climate and land use change modify surface water availability in African savannas. Surface water is a key resource for both wildlife and livestock and its spatial and temporal distribution is important for understanding the composition of large herbivore assemblages in savannas. Yet, the extent to which ungulate species differ in their water requirements remains poorly quantified. Here, we infer the water requirements of 48 African ungulates by combining six different functional traits related to physiological adaptations to reduce water loss, namely minimum dung moisture, relative dung pellet size, relative surface area of the distal colon, urine osmolality, relative medullary thickness and evaporation rate. In addition, we investigated how these differences in water requirements relate to differences in dietary water intake. We observed strong correlations between traits related to water loss through dung, urine and evaporation, suggesting that ungulates minimize water loss through multiple pathways simultaneously, which suggests that each trait can thus be used independently to predict water requirements. Furthermore, we found that browsers and grazers had similar water requirements, but browsers are expected to be less dependent on surface water because they acquire more water through their diet. We conclude that these key functional traits are a useful way to determine differences in water requirements and an important tool for predicting changes in herbivore community assembly resulting from changes in surface water availability.</p>
Required instrumentation and data acquisition system
<p>Required instrumentation and data acquisition system</p>
Survey on Requirements Notations in Software Engineering Research Dataset
<p>Dataset from a survey study that investigated Software Engineering researchers' applications for requirements notations.</p>
Dataset about how children with neuromotor disabilities deal with technological games and their needs and requirements for inclusive videogames
<p>This dataset includes answers to a survey developed in Redcap to investigate how children with neuromotor impairment deal with technology-based play and what they need to be included in an engaging ludic activity with their peers, thus defining the requirements of new accessible and inclusive videogames.</p> <p>The survey was co-designed by end users together with expert clinicians, engineers, and designers. The survey included open and closed-ended questions and 5-point Likert scales.</p> <p>The survey was distributed in April 2020.</p> <p>56 families with a child with disability answered the online survey in anonymized form. </p> <p>This dataset can be useful for videogame developers and console designers, since it gives useful suggestions for developing technologies which are enjoyable, accessible and inclusive at the same time</p>
Appendices: Requirements Engineering forSoftware-Enabled Art
<p>Interview guides for paper Requirements Engineering forSoftware-Enabled Art</p>
Emergent Solutions on Requirement Engineering for Agile Software Development: A tertiary study (Auxiliary Documentation in PDF)
<p><strong>[Context and motivation]</strong> Agile Software Development (ASD) is a new trend in software development and has become popular. Its advocates claim that ASD is well suited to solving traditional software development problems by valuing human factors over technical ones. However, one of the most critical phases in software development, Requirements Engineering (RE), can be overwhelming for ASD values.<br> <strong>[Question/problem]</strong> Trying to work with RE in a traditional way for ASD can limit ASD's potential. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what academia and industry have done in RE to exploit all of the capabilities of ASD beyond traditional RE. <br> <strong>[Principal ideas/results]</strong> This work presents an overview of the state-of-the-art Requirement Engineering (RE) for Agile Software Development (ASD). We conducted a Tertiary Study in secondary studies published from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2021, looking for solutions for RE-ASD using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol described by Kitchenham and Charters (2007). After executing the SLR protocol, we accepted 37 out of 169 studies and encountered 136 solutions used by academia and industry for RE-ASD. We considered only a few solutions that could be classified as emergent for RE-ASD, 24 out of 106. Furthermore, we cataloged the challenges presented by the emergent solutions (e.g., a steep learning curve due to the lack of experience, process, or culture) that should be addressed. Finally, we identified a possible gap between academia and industry regarding these emerging solutions that need further investigation. <br> <strong>[Contribution]</strong> By highlighting emerging Requirements Engineering (RE) solutions for Agile Software Development (ASD), we made our contribution to help researchers who need to propose new solutions to some of the problems that remain unsolved by pointing out the recent trends for RE for ASD.</p> <p>The repository contains the following:</p> <ul> <li>Auxiliary Documentation in PDF;</li> <li>Dataset from the Tertiary Study - compressed file (refsq2023Complement.zip): <ul> <li> <p><strong>REFSQ2023-ALL-ARTICLES.csv:</strong> is a comma-separated file with all 198 (including the duplicates) found in our search in the digital libraries with their respective status (accepted, rejected, or duplicated).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>REFSQ2023-DISTINCT-SOLUTIONS.csv:</strong> is a comma-separated file with all the distinct solutions we found in our research. They are classified according to our classification method, explained in the article.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>REFSQ2023-GOOGLE-TRENDS-RESULTS.csv:</strong> is a comma-separated file with all results of our query in the Google Trends tool. It also brings the used search terms and the code and classification of each solution.</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Weakly-Supervised Learning Significantly Reduces the Number of Labels Required for Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection on Head CT
<p>Modern machine learning pipelines, in particular those based on deep learning (DL) models, require large amounts of labeled data. For classification problems, the most common learning paradigm consists of presenting labeled examples during training, thus providing \emph{strong supervision} by directly presenting examples from the different classes, e.g. positive and negative samples. As a result, the adequate training of these models demands the curation of large datasets with high-quality labels. This constitutes a major obstacle for the development of DL models in radiology---in particular for cross-sectional imaging (e.g., computed tomography [CT] scans)---where labels must come from manual annotations by expert radiologists at the image or slice-level (as opposed to the examination level, such as could be obtained using natural language processing of radiology reports). <br> This work studies the question of what kind of labels should be collected for the problem of intracranial hemorrhage detection in brain CT. We investigate whether image-level annotations should be preferred to examination-level ones. By framing this task as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem, and employing modern attention-based DL architectures, we analyze the degree to which different levels of supervision improve the detection performance. We find that strong supervision (learning with local image-level annotations) and weak supervision (learning with only global examination-level labels) achieve comparable performance in both examination- and image-level hemorrhage detection, as well as in hemorrhage localization at the pixel-level (explainability). Furthermore, we study this behavior as a function of the number of labels available during training. Our results suggest that local labels may not be necessary at all, drastically reducing the time and cost involved in collecting and curating datasets.</p>
Supplemental Table S3. Least square means of the digestible (d) AA (Leu, Ile, Arg, Phe, Thr and Val) supply relative to the cow's requirements (%) for the CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis groups in the depletion, RP-AA and cross-back period of the trial. Calculations based on the actual DMI, MY and BW of the cows during the experiment.
<p><strong>Supplemental Table S3.</strong> Least square means of the digestible (d) AA (Leu, Ile, Arg, Phe, Thr and Val) supply relative to the cow’s requirements (%) for the CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis groups in the depletion, RP-AA and cross-back period of the trial. Calculations based on the actual DMI, MY and BW of the cows during the experiment.</p>
Online appendix to Summarization of Elicitation Conversations to Locate Requirements-Relevant Information
<p>This is the online appendix of the paper "Summarization of Elicitation Conversations to Locate Requirements-Relevant Information", published at REFSQ'23.</p> <p>The file includes the following:</p> <ul> <li>A copy of the source code (folder REConSum-main/code) - see the README file in REConSum-main for instructions on how to run this. This is an archived copy of the GitHub repository: https://github.com/RELabUU/REConSum</li> <li>The empirical results obtained by executing REConSum (subfolder REConSum-main/results) </li> <li>An example of a requirements conversation (subfolder REConSum-main/data)</li> <li>The tagging guide that was given to the people who participated in the construction of the golden standard (tagging-guide.pdf)</li> <li>The tagging results, which can be used to verify the inter-rater agreement (tagging-results.xlsx)</li> </ul>
Prompting Creative Requirements via Traceable and Adversarial Examples in Deep Learning
<p>File A: Datasets (.txt)</p> <p> A1: Webex</p> <p> A2: Zoom</p> <p> A3: Teams</p> <p> A4: Word</p> <p> A5: PowerPoint</p> <p> A6: Excel</p> <p>File B: Python Code (Both ours and baseline)</p> <p> B1: pert_class.ipynb</p> <p> B2: Baseline.ipynb</p> <p>File C: Trend of Adversarial Shifts (Graphs)</p> <p> C1: Webex Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> C2: Zoom Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> C3: Teams Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> C4: Word Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> C5: Powerpoint Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> C6: Excel Adversarial Shifts</p> <p>File D: Trend of Non-Adversarial Shifts (Graphs)</p> <p> D1: Webex Non-Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> D2: Zoom Non-Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> D3: Teams Non-Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> D4: Word Non-Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> D5: Powerpoint Non-Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> D6: Excel Non-Adversarial Shifts</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Understanding Requirements Engineering Debt: Study Material
<p>This upload contains additional material for the study titled "An initial Theory to Understand and Manage Requirements Engineering Debt in Practice." In detail, the upload contains</p> <ol> <li>the interview protocol as well as the codebook used for coding the interview transcripts,</li> <li>the survey protocol including all survey questions, and</li> <li>an initial attempt at visualizing the resulting theory.</li> </ol> <p>Note that any sensitive data (interview transcripts, survey responses) could not be disclosed.</p>
Evaluation-of-templates-for-requirements-documentation
<p>This repository contains data and code related to experimentation on a comparative evaluation of different template notations for requirements documentation in semi-formal natural language.</p>
Conversation in forums: How software forum posts discuss potential software requirements
<p>User feedback on software usage is utilised to formulate software requirements, and software product forums are platforms rich in software-related user feedback. However, previous studies have mainly focused on analysing forum user feedback as individual sentences, which can lead to missing insights and a lacking understanding of the overall context of forum posts. This work examines software forum user feedback in forum posts to investigate the differences between sentence and post-level content analysis. We manually evaluated software forum posts collected from two open-sourced software forums and discovered five new types of user feedback that can only be identified in post-level analysis. Additionally, we examined the association between sentence classifications found within software forums. Our results indicate that contextual information related to requirements frequently appears with explicit requirement statements in forum posts. This information can be used to reduce the manual effort required to chase up missing contextual information when working through an issue. We also provide insights into the order of events happening in software product forums at the post level. Our findings reveal the importance of looking at forum-based user feedback at a post level to identify new insights on user feedback for requirements engineering.</p> <p> </p> <p>The file contains the post-level classification dataset created from this study as well as our heatmap figures for RQ2.</p>
Dataset for "A shift in plant growth strategy is caused by increased nutrient requirements due to polyploidy in Heuchera cylindrica".
<p>Dataset for "A shift in plant growth strategy is caused by increased nutrient requirements due to polyploidy in <em>Heuchera cylindrica</em>". </p>
Novel molecular requirements for CRISPR RNA-guided transposition
<p>CRISPR-associated transposons (CASTs) direct DNA integration downstream of target sites using the RNA-guided DNA binding activity of nuclease-deficient CRISPR-Cas systems. Transposition relies on several key protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, but little is known about the explicit sequence requirements governing efficient transposon DNA integration activity. Here, we exploit pooled library screening and high-throughput sequencing to reveal novel sequence determinants during transposition by the Type I-F <em>Vibrio cholerae </em>CAST system. On the donor DNA, large mutagenic libraries revealed binding site nucleotide preferences for the TnsB transposase, as well as an additional conserved region that encoded a consensus binding site for integration host factor (IHF). Remarkably, we found that VchCAST requires IHF for efficient transposition, thus revealing a novel cellular factor involved in CRISPR-associated transpososome assembly. On the target DNA, we uncovered preferred sequence motifs at the integration site that explained previously observed heterogeneity with single-base pair resolution. Finally, we exploited our library data to design modified transposon variants that enable in-frame protein tagging. Collectively, our results provide new clues about the assembly and architecture of the paired-end complex formed between TnsB and the transposon DNA, and inform the design of custom payload sequences for genome engineering applications with CAST systems.</p>
Supplementary material for: Inconsistency Detection in Natural Language Requirements using ChatGPT: a Preliminary Evaluation
<p>Supplementary material including both data and annotations. For each document we present:</p> <ol> <li>annotated results of the chatGPT answers;</li> <li>annotated results of the manual analysis</li> <li>The requirements and the grund truth pairs. Originals requirements are marked with "1" in the third column, mutants are marked with "0". </li> </ol>
Supplementary material for: Inconsistency Detection in Natural Language Requirements using ChatGPT: a Preliminary Evaluation
<p>Supplementary material including both data and annotations. For each document we present:</p> <ol> <li>annotated results of the chatGPT answers;</li> <li>annotated results of the manual analysis</li> <li>The requirements and the grund truth pairs. Originals requirements are marked with "1" in the third column, mutants are marked with "0". </li> </ol>
Cellulose synthase-like D movement in the plasma membrane requires enzymatic activity
<p>Cellulose Synthase-Like D (CSLD) proteins, important for tip growth and cell division, are known to generate β-1,4-glucan. However, whether they are propelled in the membrane as the glucan chains they produce assemble into microfibrils is unknown. To address this, we endogenously tagged all eight CSLDs in <em>Physcomitrium patens</em> and discovered that they all localize to the apex of tip-growing cells and to the cell plate during cytokinesis. Actin is required to target CSLD to cell tips concomitant with cell expansion, but not to cell plates, which depend on actin and CSLD for structural support. Like Cellulose Synthase (CESA), CSLD requires catalytic activity to move in the plasma membrane. We discovered that CSLD moves significantly faster, with shorter duration and less linear trajectories than CESA. In contrast to CESA, CSLD movement was insensitive to the cellulose synthesis inhibitor isoxaben, suggesting that CSLD and CESA function within different complexes possibly producing structurally distinct cellulose microfibrils.</p>
A Model-driven and Template-based Approach for Requirements Specification : Case studies
<p>This dataset includes the requirements specified using our templates as part of our case studies :</p> <ol> <li>ARINC-653 case study : Time management requirements.</li> <li>ARINC-653 case study : Intra-partition communication requirements.</li> <li>AUTOSAR case study : Crypto service manager requirements.</li> <li>Traditional software case study : Requirements from Kaggle.</li> </ol>
Supplementary Material for On the Experiences of Practitioners with Requirements Elicitation Techniques
<p>Supplementary Material for the paper entitled "<em>On the Experiences of Practitioners with Requirements Elicitation Techniques</em>".</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Requirements elicitation is a crucial process in software engineering, which involves identifying and understanding the needs of stakeholders to define system requirements. Several techniques are used for requirements elicitation, each with unique advantages, disadvantages, and challenges. This paper presents the findings of a survey conducted among 33 practitioners in the software development community to investigate their experiences with requirements elicitation techniques. The results revealed that practitioners find the elicitation process highly challenging due to difficulties managing the relationship between the development team and the client, understanding complex business processes, and the lack of knowledge among stakeholders. The survey also assessed the participants' familiarity with various elicitation techniques. The most well-known techniques were brainstorming, data analysis, use cases, interviews, user stories, and prototyping. In contrast, techniques such as ethnography, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Joint Application Development (JAD), blueprint, and laddering were less recognized. When providing the pros and cons of some techniques, participants considered techniques' clarity, speed of use, resource cost, and stakeholder involvement. This research contributes to the field by highlighting challenges, providing insights into practitioner experiences, and guiding informed decision-making in requirements elicitation.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.