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650 results for “angiosperm”
Fig. 2 in The only known white blister rust on a basal angiosperm is a member of the genus Albugo
Fig. 2 Oospores of Albugo tropica as seen in DIC light microscopy. a Within the oogonia. b liberated from an oogonium. Scale bars represent 20 μm in all pictures
Fig. 1 in The only known white blister rust on a basal angiosperm is a member of the genus Albugo
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of concatenated cox2 and ITS sequences inferred using the Minimum Evolution criterion. Numbers on the branches indicate bootstrap support in Minimum Evolution and Maximum Likelihood, as well as posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference greater than 50 % / 50 % / 0.9, in the respective order. The tree is rooted with Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae parasitic to Convolvulaceae, which constitutes an own distinct clade of Albuginaceae, as already recognised by Voglmayr and Riethmüller (2006). The bar indicates the amount of substitutions per site
Fig. 3 in The only known white blister rust on a basal angiosperm is a member of the genus Albugo
Fig. 3 Scanning electron micrographs of sporangia of Albugo tropica (a–c) and A. candida from Capsella bursa-pastoris (d–f). a, d Overview with secondary sporangia. b, e Primary sporangia. c, f Surface ornamentation of secondary sporangia. Scale bars represent 2 μm in (c) and 5 μm for the remaining pictures
The global distribution and drivers of wood density across angiosperms and gymnosperms and their impact on forest carbon stocks (Data and Plots)
<p>Abstract:</p> <div>The density of wood is a key indicator of trees’ carbon investment strategies, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here, we analyze information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially-explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to ~30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.</div> <div> </div> <p>This repository only provides the folders of 'Data' and 'Plots' that are needed for for the repository on GitHub: https://github.com/LidongMo/GlobalWoodDensityProject</p>
Data from: Stomatal sensitivity to CO2 diverges between angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species
The response of tree leaf gas exchange to elevated CO2 concentrations has been investigated in numerous experiments along the past 30 years. Stomatal regulation is a major plant control over leaf gas exchange, and the response to the increasing CO2 will shape the biological activity of forests in the future. Here we collected 144 records from 57 species on stomatal conductance in CO2 manipulation experiments on trees (340-980 ppm CO2). CO2-induced stomatal downregulation was calculated as the slope of the linear regression between stomatal conductance and [CO2]. Among tree species, the slope (a) of change in stomatal conductance per 100 ppm CO2 increase ranged between 0 and -151, indicating stomatal downregulation, and only four species showed upregulation. There was a significant divergence between evergreen gymnosperms (a = -3.6±1.0), deciduous angiosperms (a = -16.3±3.1), and evergreen angiosperms (a = -32.8±7.1). Gymnosperms were less sensitive to CO2 changes than deciduous angiosperms even when considering only field experiments. The significant role of tree functional group in predicting CO2-induced stomatal downregulation was detected in multiple mixed effect models, with P values ranging between 0.0002 and 0.0295. The significantly higher stomatal sensitivity to CO2 of angiosperms vs. gymnosperms might be related to the overall higher stomatal conductance of angiosperms; their thinner leaves, in turn losing water faster; and the decreasing atmospheric [CO2] at the time of their taxa diversification. We conclude that species differences must be taken into account in forecasting future forest fluxes.
Data from: Convergent and correlated evolution of major life-history traits in the angiosperm genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)
Natural selection is expected to cause convergence of life histories among taxa as well as correlated evolution of different life-history traits. Here, we quantify the extent of convergence of five key life-history traits (adult fire survival, seed storage, degree of sexual dimorphism, pollination mode, and seed-dispersal mode) and test hypotheses about their correlated evolution in the genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae) from the fire-prone South African fynbos. We reconstructed a new molecular phylogeny of this highly diverse genus that involves more taxa and molecular markers than previously. This reconstruction identifies new clades that were not detected by previous molecular study and morphological classifications. Using this new phylogeny and robust methods that account for phylogenetic uncertainty, we show that the five life-history traits studied were labile during the evolutionary history of the genus. This diversity allowed us to tackle major questions about the correlated evolution of life-history strategies. We found that species with longer seed-dispersal distances tended to evolve lower pollen-dispersal distance, that insect-pollinated species evolved decreased sexual dimorphism, and that species with a persistent soil seed-bank evolved toward reduced fire-survival ability of adults.
Spatial phylogenetics of butterflies in relation to environmental drivers and angiosperm diversity across North America
<p>Broad-scale quantitative assessments of biodiversity and the factors shaping it remain particularly poorly explored in insects. Here, we undertook a spatial phylogenetic analysis of North American butterflies via assembly of a time-calibrated phylogeny of the region coupled with a unique, complete range assessment for ~75% of the known species. We utilized a suite of phylodiversity metrics and associated environmental data to test whether climate stability and temperature gradients have shaped North American butterfly phylogenetic diversity and endemism. We also undertook the first direct, quantitative comparisons of spatial phylogenetic patterns between butterflies and flowering plants in North America. We expected concordance between butterflies and angiosperms based on both shared historical environmental drivers and presumed strong butterfly-host plant specializations. We instead found that biodiversity patterns in butterflies are strikingly different from flowering plants in some regions of the continent. In particular, the warm desert regions of the southwestern United States and Mexico showed surprisingly high butterfly phylogenetic diversity and endemism, in contrast to much lower values for angiosperms. Butterflies did not show patterns of phylogenetic clustering as found in flowering plants, suggesting differences in habitat conservation between the two groups. Finally, we found weak relationships and spatially structured biases in relative branching timing between angiosperms and butterflies. These results suggest that shared biogeographic histories and trophic associations do not necessarily assure similar diversity outcomes. The work has applied value in conservation planning, documenting warm deserts as an important North American butterfly biodiversity hotspot.</p>
FIGURE 5. Basal Angiosperms and Monocots. A. Peperomia edulis, B. Peperomia emarginella, C. Peperomia quadrifolia, D. Peperomia tenerrima, E. Anthurium scandens, F. Anthurium schlechtendalii, G. Monstera tuberculata var. tuberculata, H in Mexican Vascular Epiphytes: Richness and Distribution
FIGURE 5. Basal Angiosperms and Monocots. A. Peperomia edulis, B. Peperomia emarginella, C. Peperomia quadrifolia, D. Peperomia tenerrima, E. Anthurium scandens, F. Anthurium schlechtendalii, G. Monstera tuberculata var. tuberculata, H. Philodendron warszewiczii. (Photographs A–B, E–H by Adolfo Espejo-Serna; C–D by Thorsten Krömer).
Context-dependent substitution matrices for coding regions of angiosperm cpDNA
<p>The dataset contains 4x4 substitution matrices generated from fourfold degenerate sites within coding regions of flowering plant chloroplast DNA. Substitution data was generated from multiple sets of 3 taxa sequence comparisons, one taxon serving as the outgroup to root the substitution. There is one matrix for each of the possible 192 tetranucleotide contexts consisting of the two bases immediately flanking the substitution on the 5' side and the two bases immediately flanking the substitution on the 3' side. These are count matrices but can be converted to Markov transition matrices. The analysis presented in the paper examines variation in substitution dynamics as a function of context.</p>
High temperature frequently increases facilitation between aquatic foundation species: A global meta-analysis of interaction experiments between angiosperms, seaweeds, and bivalves
<ol> <li><span>Many studies have quantified ecological impacts of individual foundation species (FS). However, emerging data suggest that FS often co-occur, potentially inhibiting or facilitating one another, thereby causing indirect, cascading effects on surrounding communities. Furthermore, global warming is accelerating, but little is known about how interactions between co-occurring FS vary with temperature. </span></li> <li><span>Shallow aquatic sedimentary systems are often dominated by three types of FS: slower-growing clonal angiosperms, faster-growing solitary seaweeds, and shell-forming filter- and deposit-feeding bivalves. Here, we tested the impacts of one FS on another by analyzing manipulative interaction experiments from 148 papers with a global meta-analysis.</span></li> <li> <span>We calculated </span><span>1,942 (non-independent) Hedges' <em>g</em> effect sizes,</span> <span>from 11,652 extracted values over performance responses, such as abundances, growths or survival of FS, and their associated standard deviations and replication levels. Standard aggregation procedures generated 511 independent Hedges' <em>g</em> that was classified into six types of reciprocal impacts between FS. </span> </li> <li><span>We found that (i) seaweeds had consistent negative impacts on angiosperms across performance responses, organismal sizes, experimental approaches, and ecosystem types; (ii) angiosperms and bivalves generally had positive impacts on each other (e.g., positive effects of angiosperms on bivalves were consistent across organismal sizes and experimental approaches, but angiosperm effects on bivalve growth and bivalve effect on angiosperm abundance were not significant); (iii) bivalves positively affected seaweeds (particularly on growth responses); (iv) there were generally no net effects of seaweeds on bivalves (except for positive effect on growth) or angiosperms on seaweeds (except for positive effect on 'other processes'); and (v) bivalve interactions with other FS were typically more positive at higher temperatures, but angiosperm-seaweed interactions were not moderated by temperature.</span></li> <li> <em><span>Synthesis</span></em><span>: Despite variations in experimental and spatiotemporal conditions, the stronger positive interactions at higher temperatures suggest that facilitation, particularly involving bivalves, may become more important in a future warmer world. Importantly, addressing research gaps, such as the scarcity of FS interaction experiments from tropical and freshwater systems and for less studied species, as well as testing for density-dependent effects, could better inform aquatic ecosystem conservation and restoration efforts and broaden our knowledge of FS interactions in the Anthropocene.</span> </li> </ol>
List: Angiosperms from the high‐altitude grasslands of the Atlantic forest (campos de altitude)
<p>This repository contains the output list of angiosperms from the high‐altitude grasslands of the Atlantic forest. </p>
Spatial phylogenetics of butterflies in relation to environmental drivers and angiosperm diversity across North America
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Data from: Angiosperm wood structure: global patterns in vessel anatomy and their relationship to wood density and potential conductivity
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Data from: Temporal and spatial comparisons of angiosperm diversity between eastern Asia and North America
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Data from: Richness, geographic distribution patterns, and areas of endemism of selected angiosperm groups in Mexico
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Data from: Convergent and correlated evolution of major life-history traits in the angiosperm genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)
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Data from: Does multiple paternity affect seed mass in angiosperms? An experimental test in Dalechampia scandens
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Data from: The emergence of earliest angiosperms may be earlier than fossil evidence indicates
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Data from: Resolving rapid radiations within angiosperm families using anchored phylogenomics
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Data from: Endozoochory of aquatic ferns and angiosperms by mallards in Central Europe
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