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665 results for “ant diversity”
Data from: Influences of climate and historical land connectivity on ant beta diversity in East Asia
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Data from: Odor diversity decreases with inbreeding in the ant Hypoponera opacior
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Data from: Bottom-up effects of host-plant species diversity and top-down effects of ants interactively increase plant performance
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Spatial phylogenomics of acrobat ants in Madagascar—mountains function as cradles for recent diversity and endemism
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Data from: The fire ant social chromosome supergene variant Sb shows low diversity but high divergence from SB
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Data from: Ant diversity in Neotropical savannas: hierarchical processes acting at multiple spatial scales
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Data from: Cryptic diversity, high host specificity and reproductive synchronization in army ant-associated Vatesus beetles
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Island area, not isolation, drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of ants on land-bridge islands
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Functional and genetic diversity changes through time in a cloud forest ant assemblage
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Ant responses to experimental warming and plant diversity:BAC: Biodiversity and Climate
Climate changes forecast for our region by GCM???s and shifts in biodiversity and composition each have the potential to alter ecosystem functioning; their interactive effects are unknown. The "BAC" experiment is designed to determine the direct and interactive effects of plant species numbers, plant community composition, temperature, and precipitation on 11 productivity, C and N dynamics, stability, and plant, microbe, and insect species abundances in CDR grassland ecosystems.
Species diversity and biological trait function: Effectiveness of ant–plant mutualism decreases as ant species diversity increases
<p class="abstract">One of the major concerns of ecological and evolutionary research is the prediction of community function in relation to the degree of biodiversity. To clarify the relationship between biodiversity and the expression of plant defence traits, we investigated ant–plant defensive mutualism in the pioneer plant <i>Mallotus japonicus</i> at several sites across Japan. The plant bears ant-attracting extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and food bodies (FBs) as indirect defence traits.</p> <p class="abstract">To reveal variations in ant–plant interactions in the field, we measured species richness of nectar-feeding ants and interaction strength between each ant species and the plant (visiting frequency of each ant species to the plant). We also investigated the expression of EFNs and FBs in natural plant populations at the study sites. To assess the defensive quality of each ant species, we then experimentally estimated the aggressiveness of the dominant ant species. To examine the link between ant species richness and the defensive function of ants, we conducted an ant-exclusion experiment and a common garden experiment to clarify whether the defence efficacy of ants varied in relation to ant species richness.</p> <p class="abstract">Ant species richness differed among the study sites. We found negative relationships between ant species richness and the mean interaction strength of ant species, the interaction strength of aggressive ant species, and the number of EFNs per leaf. The effectiveness of indirect defence by ants was poor at sites where ant species richness was high. When cultivated in the same environment, plants from sites with low ant species richness developed a larger number of EFNs per leaf than those from sites with high ant species richness.</p> <p class="abstract">Our results suggest that facultative ant–plant defensive mutualism is weakened at sites where ant species richness is high, resulting in a decrease in the number of EFNs per leaf. Such a link between species richness and an indirect trait function may help us to understand the evolutionary patterns of various species traits in complex biological communities.</p>
Diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters in gut bacteria of turtle ants
<p class="Standard"><span>In insect-microbe nutritional symbioses the gut symbionts supplement the host diet with nutrients by producing amino acids and vitamins or by degrading lignin or polysaccharides macromolecules. In multipartite mutualisms composed of multiple symbionts from different taxonomical orders, it has been suggested that beside the genes involved in the nutritional symbiosis the symbionts maintain genes responsible for the production of metabolites putatively playing a role in the maintenance and interaction of the bacterial communities living in close proximity. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing different non-primary metabolites in the genomes and metagenomes of the conserved gut symbionts associated with the herbivorous turtle ants (genus: <i>Cephalotes</i>). We studied 17 <i>Cephalotes</i> species collected across several geographical areas to reveal that (i) mining metagenomes and genomes show complementary results demonstrating the robustness of this approach to retrieve BGCs, (ii) the conserved gut symbionts involved in the nutritional symbiosis have a high diversity of BGCs of different chemical families, (iii) the phylogenetic analysis of BGCs encoding the production of arylpolyenes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRP), polyketides (PK), and siderophores shows high similarity between BGCs of a single symbiont across different ant host species, and between BGCs originated from different bacterial orders within a single host species. These findings together suggest multiple mechanisms of bacterial genome conservation and evolution of BGCs. We document the occurrence, diversity, and similarity of BGCs in the genome of obligate gut bacteria involved in multipartite mutualisms across the phylogeny of turtle ants.</span></p>
Fig. 22 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)
Fig. 22. Image obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the micropterous wing of a male of Tachydromia apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Data from: Relationships among taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic ant diversity across the biogeographic regions of Europe
Understanding how different biodiversity components are related across different environmental conditions is a major goal in macroecology and conservation biogeography. We investigated correlations among alpha and beta taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD), and functional diversity (FD) in ant communities in the five biogeographic regions most representative of western Europe; we also examined the degree of niche conservatism. We combined data from 349 ant communities composed of 154 total species, which were characterized by 10 functional traits and by phylogenetic relatedness. We computed TD, PD, and FD using the Rao quadratic entropy index, which allows each biodiversity component to be partitioned into α and β diversity within the same mathematical framework. We ran generalized least squares and multiple matrix regressions with randomization to investigate relationships among the diversity components. We used Pagel's λ test to explore niche conservatism in each biogeographic region. At the alpha scale, TD was consistently, positively related to PD and FD, although the strength and scatter of this relationship changed among the biogeographic regions. Meanwhile, PD and FD consistently matched up across regions. Accordingly, we found similar degrees of niche conservatism across regions. Nonetheless, these alpha-scale relationships had low coefficients of determination. At the beta scale, the three diversity components were highly correlated across all regions (especially TD and FD, as well as PD and FD). Our results imply that the different diversity components, and especially PD and FD, are consistently related across biogeographic regions and analytical scale. However, the alpha-scale relationships were quite weak, suggesting environmental factors might influence the degree of association among diversity components at the alpha level. In conclusion, conservation programs should seek to preserve functional and phylogenetic diversity in addition to species richness, and this approach should be applied universally, regardless of the biogeographic locations of the sites to be protected.
Ant taxonomic and functional beta-diversity
<p>The decomposition of beta-diversity (β-diversity) into its replacement (βrepl) and richness (βrich) components in combination with a taxonomic and functional approach, may help to identify processes driving community composition along environmental gradients.</p> <p>We aimed to understand which abiotic and spatial variables influence ant β-diversity and identify which processes may drive ant β-diversity patterns in Mediterranean drylands by measuring the percentage of variation in ant taxonomic and functional β-diversity explained by local environmental, regional climatic and spatial variables.</p> <p>We found that taxonomic and functional replacement (βrepl) primarily drove patterns in overall β-diversity (βtot). Variation partitioning analysis showed that respectively 16.8 %, 12.9 % and 21.6 % of taxonomic βtot, βrepl and βrich variation were mainly explained by local environmental variables. Local environmental variables were also the main determinants of functional β-diversity, explaining 20.4 %, 17.9 % and 23.2 % of βtot, βrepl and βrich variation respectively.</p> <p>Findings suggest that niche-based processes drive changes in ant β-diversity, as local environmental variables may act as environmental filters on species and trait composition. While we found that local environmental variables were important predictors of ant β-diversity, further analysis should address the contribution of other mechanisms, e.g. competitive exclusion and resource partitioning, on ant β-diversity. </p>
Data from: Introduced ants reduce interaction diversity in a multi-species, ant-aphid mutualism
Mutualisms contribute in fundamental ways to the origin, maintenance and organization of biological diversity. Introduced species commonly participate in mutualisms, but how this phenomenon affects patterns of interactions among native mutualists remains incompletely understood. Here we examine how networks of interactions among aphid-tending ants, ant-tended aphids, and aphid-attacking parasitoid wasps differ between 12 spatially paired riparian study sites with and without the introduced Argentine ant Linepithema humile in southern California. To resolve challenges in species identification, we used DNA barcoding to identify aphids and screen for parasitoid wasps (developing inside their aphid hosts) from 170 aphid aggregations sampled on arroyo willow Salix lasiolepis. Compared to uninvaded sites, invaded sites supported significantly fewer species of aphid-tending ants and ant-tended aphids. At invaded sites, for example, we found only two species of ant-tended aphids, which were exclusively tended by L. humile, whereas at uninvaded sites we found 20 unique ant–aphid interactions involving eight species of ant-tended aphids and nine species of aphid-tending ants. Ant–aphid linkage density was thus significantly lower at invaded sites compared to uninvaded sites. We detected aphid parasitoids in 14% (28/198) of all aphid aggregations. Although the level of parasitism did not differ between invaded and uninvaded sites, more species of wasps were detected within uninvaded sites compared to invaded sites. These results provide a striking example of how the assimilation of introduced species into multi-species mutualisms can reduce interaction diversity with potential consequences for species persistence.
Data from: Macroecology and macroevolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient in ants
The latitudinal diversity gradient—the tendency for more species to occur toward the equator—is the dominant pattern of life on Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for it remain largely unexplained. Recently, the analysis of global data has led to advances in understanding, but these advances have been mostly limited to vertebrates and trees and have not provided consensus answers. Here, we synthesize large-scale geographic, phylogenetic, and fossil data for an exemplar invertebrate group—ants—and investigate whether the latitudinal diversity gradient arose due to higher rates of net diversification in the tropics, or due to a longer time period to accumulate diversity due to Earth's climatic history. We find that latitudinal affinity is highly conserved, temperate clades are young and clustered within tropical clades, and diversification rate shows no systematic variation with latitude. These results indicate that diversification time —and not rate— is the main driver of the diversity gradient in ants.
FIGURE 87 in The Batrisini of Tibet: unveiling an enigmatic ant-loving beetle diversity at Earth's "Third Pole" (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)
FIGURE 87. Distribution of Tibetan Batrisini. Trisinus quadrilobus sp. nov.
FIGURE 105 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia I: morphology, distribution and taxonomy of the barronus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 105. General representation of the distribution of the barronus species group in Colombia.
FIGURE 106 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia I: morphology, distribution and taxonomy of the barronus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 106. Distribution map of the species belonging to barronus species group in Colombia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.