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Genotyping of 180 feathers of Golden eagle from french mountain massifs

Two batches of 90 feathers of Golden eagle were genotyped. The first batch included 90 feathers collected during four consecutive years in four golden eagle territories of the Massif Central. Of these feathers, 19 were directly sampled from individuals (adults and chicks, see appendix A) and 71 were collected from nests.  A second batch of 90 feather samples collected from nests or directly from individuals in five different French mountainous regions was performed: Drôme (N=13), Vanoise (N=4), Hautes-Alpes (N=22), Massif Central (N=40) and Pyrenees (N=11).  These two batches of feathers were genotyped on 17 microsatellite markers divided into two multiplexes: A (8 markers) and B (9 markers). These markers were selected from several past studies (Gautschi et al. 2000; Hailer et al. 2005; Martinez-Cruz et al. 2005; Bourke and Dawson 2006; Bielikova et al. 2010).

FIGURE 20. Proterothrix modesta, female. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 20. Proterothrix modesta, female. A–D details of female legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—spermatheca and spermaducts of female. Abbreviations: hs—head of spermatheca, pd—primary spermaduct, sdsecondary spermaduct.

FIGURE 18. Proterothrix modesta, male. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 18. Proterothrix modesta, male. A–D details of male legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—opisthosoma of male, ventral view.

FIGURE 16. Proterothrix phyllura, female. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 16. Proterothrix phyllura, female. A–D details of female legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—spermatheca and spermaducts of female. Abbreviations: hs—head of spermatheca, pd—primary spermaduct, sdsecondary spermaduct.

FIGURE 14. Proterothrix phyllura, male. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 14. Proterothrix phyllura, male. A–D details of male legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—opisthosoma of male, ventral view.

FIGURE 10. Proterothrix paradisiaca, male. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 10. Proterothrix paradisiaca, male. A–D details of male legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—opisthosoma of male, ventral view.

FIGURE 12. Proterothrix paradisiaca, female. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 12. Proterothrix paradisiaca, female. A–D details of female legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, Dleg IV, E—spermatheca and spermaducts of female. Abbreviations: hs—head of spermatheca, pd—primary spermaduct, sdsecondary spermaduct.

FIGURE 4. Proterothrix xiphiura, female. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 4. Proterothrix xiphiura, female. A–D details of female legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV.

FIGURE 6. Proterothrix emarginata, male. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 6. Proterothrix emarginata, male. A–D details of male legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—opisthosoma of male, ventral view.

FIGURE 2. Proterothrix xiphiura, male. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 2. Proterothrix xiphiura, male. A–D details of male legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—opisthosoma of male, ventral view.

FIGURE 22. Proterothrix diminuta, male. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 22. Proterothrix diminuta, male. A–D details of male legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—opisthosoma of male, ventral view.

FIGURE 8. Proterothrix emarginata, female. A–D in Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the "Édouard Louis Trouessart" Collection

FIGURE 8. Proterothrix emarginata, female. A–D details of female legs, dorsal view, A—leg I, B—leg II, C—leg III, D—leg IV, E—spermatheca and spermaducts of female. Abbreviations: hs—head of spermatheca, pd—primary spermaduct, sdsecondary spermaduct.

FIGURE 6 in Two new feather mite species of the family Analgidae (Acariformes: Analgoidea) from the Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis (Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes: Passerellidae)

FIGURE 6. Strelkoviacarus brasiliensis sp. nov., legs. A, B—legs I and II of male, C, D—tibia and tarsus III and IV of male, E, F—tarsus III and IV of female, G—spermatheca. Abbreviations: ed—external copulatory duct, hs—head of spermathecal, pd—primary duct, sd—secondary ducts.

FIGURE 2 in Two new feather mite species of the family Analgidae (Acariformes: Analgoidea) from the Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis (Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes: Passerellidae)

FIGURE 2. Analges ticotico sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view, B—ventral view, C—spermatheca. Abbreviations: edexternal copulatory duct, hs—head of spermathecal, pd—primary duct, sd—secondary ducts.

FIGURE 1 in Two new feather mite species of the family Analgidae (Acariformes: Analgoidea) from the Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis (Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes: Passerellidae)

FIGURE 1. Analges ticotico sp. nov., heteromorphic male. A—dorsal view, B—ventral view, C—detail of femur III, dorsal view.

FIGURE 3 in Two new feather mite species of the family Analgidae (Acariformes: Analgoidea) from the Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis (Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes: Passerellidae)

FIGURE 3. Analges ticotico sp. nov., legs. A, B—legs I and II of heteromorphic male, C, D—tibia and tarsus III and IV of heteromorphic male, E, H—genua, tibiae and tarsi I–IV of female, respectively.

Fig. 9 Diagnostic and putative RDF fragments. a DIP-V-16113 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 9 Diagnostic and putative RDF fragments. a DIP-V-16113 overview and close-up of the tip of the feather (inset); b DIP-V-17232 overview with prominent rachidial ridge and deep C-shaped rachis; c DIP-V-15130 overview; d DIP-V-15137 overview; e DIP-V-15141 overview; f DIP-V-15142 overview; g DIP-V-15159 overview; h DIP-V-16178 overview, arrowheads mark lateral margins of rachis at both ends. Scale bars = 2 mm in (a and h); 1 mm in (b); 5 mm in (c–g)

Fig. 8 Diagnostic RDF fragments. a DIP-V-15125 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 8 Diagnostic RDF fragments. a DIP-V-15125 overview, arrowhead marks twist in rachis; b details of barbs and barbules in DIP-V-15125; c DIP- V-16115 overview; d DIP-V-17121 overview; e detail of DIP-V-17121 rachis and barbs, where they are cross-cut by polished surface of amber (left margin of d), arrow indicates rachidial ridge; f DIP-V-17138 overview; g DIP-V-17127 feather section; h DIP-V-16207 overview. Scale bars = 1 mm in (a); 0.5 mm in (b); 5 mm in (c, d and g); 0.2 mm in (e); 2 mm in (f and h)

Fig. 7 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16105 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 7 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16105 overview; b DIP-V-17177 overview of paired, bent feathers, with arrows marking ventral deflection point; c DIP-V-17194 overview; d detail of DIP-V-17194 barbs; e MCAC-0322 overview; f detail of vane bases in MCAC-0322 (lower feather in e). Scale bars = 5 mm in (a–c and e); 2 mm in (d and f)

Fig. 6 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16164 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 6 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16164 partial overview, with RDF rachises indicated by arrowheads; b oblique section through one rachis in DIP-V- 16164; c distorted rachis near base of DIP-V-16164; d DIP-V-16186 overview; e barbs of DIP-V-16186, arrowhead indicating hooklets; f DIP-V-17137 overview, arrow indicating taphonomic tear in vane, arrowhead indicating region with numerous plumulaceous feathers; g details of rachis, barbs, and barbules in DIP-V-17137 RDF (on right side of f), with bristle-like feather floating in amber between arrowheads. Scale bars = 5 mm in (a, d and f); 1 mm in (b and c); 0.2 mm in (e); 0.5 mm in (g)