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Supplementary material 1 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Tables S1, S2
Supplementary material 3 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Dataset including amphibian species occurence information, museum specimen numbers, source of data
Figure 5 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Figure 5 Distribution records for the Hylidae family in the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest (SDF). In blue, the first report of Trachycephalus quadrangulum in Loja province.
Figure 4 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Figure 4 Distribution records for the Leptodactylidae family in the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest (SDF). In blue, distribution range extensions: for Engystomops puyango, the northernmost locality is more than 70 km from the previously known distribution; for E. randi, the first record in Peru.
Figure 6 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Figure 6 Distribution records of Ranidae and Craugastoridae in the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest (SDF). Maps are given for Ranidae (Lithobates bwana) and Craugastoridae (Barycholos pulcher, Pristimantis achatinus, P. lymani, P. subsigillatus, and P. walkeri).
Figure 3 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Figure 3 Distribution records of Bufonidae, Centrolenidae, Ceratophryidae and Dendrobatidae in the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest (SDF). Maps are given for the families Bufonidae (Rhinella alata, R. horribilis), Centrolenidae (Hyalinobatrachium tatayoi), Ceratophryidae (Ceratophrys stolzmanni) and Dendrobatidae (Epipedobates anthonyi, E. machalilla, Hyloxalus elachyhistus, H. infraguttatus). For Ceratophrys stolzmanni, blue points represent new distributional records for the species, the two southernmost localities and the highest altitude, respectively.
Figure 1 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Figure 1 Distribution of amphibian occurrence records in the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest (SDF). Maps are provided depending on the data source: Field data, Literature, Museum, Database.
Figure 2 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Figure 2 Amphibian species of the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest ARhinella alata (photo by Silvia Aldás, https://bioweb.bio) BRhinella horribilisCHyalinobatrachium tatayoiDCeratophrys stolzmanniEEpipedobates anthonyiFEpipedobates machalillaGHyloxalus elachyhistusHHyloxalus infraguttatusIBoana pellucensJBoana rosenbergiKScinax quinquefasciatusLScinax sugillatus (photograph by Santiago R. Ron, https://bioweb.bio) MScinax tsachilaNSmilisca phaeotaOTrachycephalus jordaniPTrachycephalus quadrangulumQEngystomops guayacoREngystomops montubioSEngystomops pustulatusTEngystomops puyangoUEngystomops randiVLeptodactylus labrosusWLeptodactylus melanonotusXLeptodactylus ventrimaculatusYBarycholos pulcherZPristimantis achatinusAAPristimantis lymaniABPristimantis subsigillatusACPristimantis walkeri (photograph by Santiago R. Ron, https://bioweb.bio) ADLithobates bwana. Habitat seasonal change (Reserva Ecológica Arenillas) AE april (rainy season) AF december (dry season).
Seed dispersal by carnivores in temperate and tropical dry forests
<p>The seed dispersal mechanisms and regeneration of various forest ecosystems can benefit from the actions of carnivores via endozoochory. This study aims to evaluate the role of carnivores in endozoochory and diploendozoochory, as well as their effect on seed viability, scarification, and germination in two forest ecosystems: temperate and tropical dry forest. We collected carnivore scat in the Protected Natural Area of Sierra Fría in Aguascalientes, Mexico, for two years to determine the abundance and richness of seeds dispersed by each carnivore species, through scat analysis. We assessed seed viability through optical densitometry using X-rays, analyzed seed scarification by measuring seed coat thickness using a scanning electron microscope, and evaluated seed germination in an experiment as the percentage of seeds germinated per carnivore disperser, plant species, and forest type. In the temperate forest, four plant species (but mainly <i>Arctostaphylos pungens</i>) were dispersed by four mammal species. The gray fox dispersed the highest average number of seeds per scat (66.8 seeds). Bobcat dispersed seeds through diploendozoochory, which was inferred from rabbit (<i>Sylvilagus floridanus</i>) hair detected in their scats. The tropical dry forest presented higher abundance of seeds and richness of dispersed plant species (four species) than in the temperate forest, and the coati dispersed the highest number of seeds (8639 seeds). Endozoochory and diploendozoochory did not affect viability in thick testas seeds in temperate forest and thin testas seeds in tropical dry forest. Endozoochory improved the selective germination of seeds. Nine plant species were dispersed by endozoochory, but only one species (<i>Juniperus sp</i>.) by diploendozoochory. These results suggest that carnivores can perform an important ecological function by dispersing a great abundance of seeds, scarifying these seeds causing the formation of holes and cracks in the testas without affecting viability and promoting the selective germination of seeds.</p>
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Copa (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from dry forests in the north west of Madagascar
FIGURE 1. Type locality of Copa sakalava sp. nov.
Figure 2 in Direct seeding as a recruitment alternative for the threatened tropical palm Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Beccari in Brazilian dry forest
Figure 2. Mean values (± standard error) for seed fate of Syagrus coronata during two years of experiment. The charts in the left panel represent the results for year I, while the charts on the right represent the results for year II. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between defleshing treatment (defleshed vs not defleshing) within each habitat (p <0.05).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Rhadinella (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from the dry forest of Motagua Valley, Guatemala
FIGURE 3. Distribution of dark-colored species of Rhadinella in Mesoamerica.
FIGURE 1 in Ciliate species from tank-less bromeliads in a dry tropical forest and their geographical distribution in the Neotropics
FIGURE 1. Location of the Biosphere Reserve Chamela-Cuixmala, Jalisco, Mexico.
FIGURE 1 in Biogeographical identity of the Mesoamerican dominion with emphasis on seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 1. Geographical extension of the Mesoamerican dominion.
TABLE 1 in Hysterium madraspatanum (Hysteriaceae), a new species from Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of Tamil Nadu, India
<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Taxa names, Culture accession, and corresponding GenBank accession numbers of the taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses. Newly generated sequences in this study are indicated in bold.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxon</b></th><th><b>Culture accession</b></th><th><b>GenBank accession Number</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Gloniopsis leucaenae</i></th><td>MFLUCC17-2425</td><td>NR163334</td></tr><tr><th><i>Gloniopsis calami</i></th><td>MFLUCC14-0049</td><td>MN860550</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hysterobrevium constrictum</i></th><td>JCM2753</td><td>LC228641</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hysterobrevium mori</i></th><td>-</td><td>KY496739.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhytidhysteron thailandicum</i></th><td>MFLU:19-2373</td><td>MN989428</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhytidhysteron mangrovei</i></th><td>MFLU 18-1894</td><td>NR165548.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhytidhysteron chromolaenae</i></th><td>MFLUCC17-1516</td><td>NR171860</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhytidhysteron subrufulum</i></th><td>SDBR-CMU475</td><td>OQ943972</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhytidhysteron magnoliae</i></th><td>KUMCC21-0478</td><td>OP494093</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhytidhysteron neorufulum</i></th><td>MFLUCC13-0221</td><td>KU377562</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hysterium rhizophorae</i></th><td>PUFD43</td><td>MG844284.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hysterium pulicare</i></th><td>CBS240.34</td><td>MH855497</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hysterium angustatum</i></th><td>MFLUCC:11-0004</td><td>MN608547</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hysterium angustatum</i></th><td>GZCC 19-0119</td><td>OR225030.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hysterium madraspatanum</i></th><td><b>MRL-MCC001</b></td><td><b>OR420067</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anteaglonium rubescens</i></th><td>CBS 143911</td><td>NR164489.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anteaglonium parvulum</i></th><td>17626ITS</td><td>MN582759</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anteaglonium gordoniae</i></th><td>C332</td><td>MK347761</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anteaglonium hydei</i></th><td>GZCC 20-0196</td><td>OR224994.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anteaglonium lusitanicum</i></th><td>AMI-SPL647</td><td>OP441407</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Estimation of aboveground net primary productivity in secondary tropical dry forests using the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA) model
Although tropical dry forests (TDFs) cover roughly 42% of all tropical ecosystems, extensive deforestation and habitat fragmentation pose important limitations for their conservation and restoration worldwide. In order to develop conservation policies for this endangered ecosystem, it is necessary to quantify their provision of ecosystems services such as carbon sequestration and primary production. In this paper we explore the potential of the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA) for estimating aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in a secondary TDF located at the Santa Rosa National Park (SRNP), Costa Rica. We calculated ANPP using the CASA model (ANPPCASA) in three successional stages (early, intermediate, and late). Each stage has a stand age of 21 years, 32 years, and 50+ years, respectively, estimated as the age since land abandonment. Our results showed that the ANPPCASA for early, intermediate, and late successional stages were 3.22 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, 8.90 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, and 7.59 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively, which are comparable with rates of carbon uptake in other TDFs. Our results indicate that key variables that influence ANPP in our dry forest site were stand age and precipitation seasonality. Incident photosynthetically active radiation and temperature were not dominant in the ANPPCASA. The results of this study highlight the potential of the use of remote sensing techniques and the importance of incorporating successional stage in accurate regional TDF ANPP estimation.
Supplementary material 3 from: Ariza GM, Jácome J, Esquivel HE, Kotze DJ (2021) Early successional dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 877-906. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59475
Table S3
Figure 1 from: Ariza GM, Jácome J, Esquivel HE, Kotze DJ (2021) Early successional dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 877-906. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59475
Figure 1 Geographic location of the study sites A the location of Armero and Cambao in Colombia B Armero C Cambao. Abbreviations: F = forest, ES = early succession, P = pasture. Maps courtesy of DIVA-GIS 7.5 and Google Earth Image 2020. For more details, see the online map at https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/3/edit?mid=1le-kQOQFh8RumUibWP3D8ghtxVvGM-eF&usp=sharing
Figure 3 from: Ariza GM, Jácome J, Esquivel HE, Kotze DJ (2021) Early successional dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 877-906. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59475
Figure 3 Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination of carabid beetle assemblages at Armero (Colombia). Wet and dry season catches were analyzed and plotted separately. The catch in five of the ten forest samples returned zero individuals, and were removed from the analysis. The ellipses indicate 1 SD of the weighted average of site scores of forest (dotted line), early succession (long dashed line), and pasture (solid line). Abbreviations of the significant environmental vectors: soiltemp = soil temperature, airtemp = air temperature, litterdepth = leaf litter depth (cm), canopy = percentage canopy cover. Stress value 0.06.
Supplementary material 2 from: Ariza GM, Jácome J, Esquivel HE, Kotze DJ (2021) Early successional dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 877-906. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59475
Table S2
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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