Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 10 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A–C), morphotype 2 (D–F), morphotype 3 (G–I); and S. zapotecum sp.n. holotype (J–l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1mm).

FIGURE 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 4. External morphologic characters of Sphenarium and Prosphena: antennae filiform (A) or weakly ensiform (B); head subtriangular-compresed (C), subtriangular-elongated (D) or conical (E, F); tegmina spatula-like (G), strap-like (H) or tongue-like (I); subgenital plate of males tapered (J) or rounded moderately (K) or notably (L) developed posteriorly; dorsal ovipositor valves rounded (M), moderately lanceolate (N) or notably elongated (O).

FIGURE 7 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 7. Geographic distribution of Sphenarium species. Numbers within parenthesis in front of taxa names indicate the number of identified morphotype within the species. White surrounded areas and upper case abbreviations denote the Mexican biogeographic provinces. AC, Altos de Chiapas; AL, Altiplano Sur; BRB, Balsas River Basin; GMC, Gulf of Mexico Coast; MVB, Mexican Volcanic Belt; PC, Pacific Coast; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; SMS, Sierra Madre Sur; SO, Soconusco; and SOX, Sierra de Oaxaca.

FIGURE 11 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 11. Bayesian phylogeny of Sphenarium species based on CO1 sequences of Pedraza-Lara et al. (2015) and this study. The analysis was conducted using the substitution model estimated previously and under the same conditions above specified for the concatenated phylogenetic analysis in methods section. Terminals of different colours represent the 17 recognized species in this study. Black dots behind the nodes indicate PP values greater than 95%. Black bottom bars are equal to 0.04 substitutions per site.

FIGURE 3 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 3. Species phylogeny and approximate divergence times between Sphenarium lineages. The consensus tree is shown in dark grey; whereas other possible trees are denoted in light grey. Numbers behind the nodes indicate their PP values (left numbers in bold) and mean divergence time (Ma) (right numbers in italics). Empty bars in the middle of the nodes indicate the 95% HDP interval values for the divergence time estimations.

FIGURE 9 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 9. External morphology of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 2 m (C) and f (D), and morphotype 3 m (E) and f (F); S. zapotecum sp.n. holotype m (G) and paratype f #23 (H); S. tarascum sp.n. holotype m (I) and paratype f #2 (J,); S. planum m (K) and f (L); S. macrophallicum paratype m #230 (M) and f (N); S. minimum m (O) and f (P); S. infernalis sp.n. holotype m (Q) and paratype f #2 (R); S. rugosum morphotype 1 m (S) and f (T) (Scale bars = 1cm).

FIGURE 1 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 1. Sampled localities (bold numbers in map) for the genetic analysis and geographic distribution of the identified morphologic taxa in Sphenarium (different symbols) in Mexico. Numbers within parenthesis in front of taxon names indicate the different morphotypes identified within the respective taxa. White surrounded areas and upper case abbreviations denote the Mexican biogeographic provinces. AC, Altos de Chiapas; AL, Altiplano Sur; BRB, Balsas River Basin; GMC, Gulf of Mexico Coast; MVB, Mexican Volcanic Belt; PC, Pacific Coast; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; SMS, Sierra Madre Sur; SO, Soconusco; and SOX, Sierra de Oaxaca.

FIGURE 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 6. General colour traits of Sphenarium grasshoppers: T1, fastigium; T2, lateral postocular bands; T3, longitudinal lines of eyes; T4, dorsomedial line; T5, dorsal shades; T6, lateral shades: T7, lateral bands of blotches; T8, lateral light blotches of the 1st abdominal segment; T9 ventral bands of pronotum; T10, lateral carinas of pronotum; T11, mesonotum; T12, lateral segments of mesonotum and metanotum; T13, upper medial area of hind femora hind femora; T14, lower medial area of hind femora hind femora; T15, lower marginal area of hind femora hind femora; T16, knees of hind femora; and T17 hind tibia.

FIGURE 5 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of Sphenarium: epiphallus in dorsal view (A); ectophallus in dorsal (B), lateral (C) and posterior (D) view; and endophallus in lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. A, appendix of epiphallus; AC, apodemal plate of cingulum; AP, anterior projection of epiphallus; AS, aedeagal sclerites; ASA, apical spine of aedeagus; AV, aedeagal valve; B, bridge of epiphallus; BAS, base of aedeagal sclerites; BC, basal thickening of cingulum; BE, basal emargination of cingulum; CM, central membrane; CV, cingulum valve; DI, dorsal inflection of endophallic apodeme; EA, endophallic apodeme; ISR, inflection of supraramus; L, lophus of epiphallus; LBR, lateral borders of ramus of cingulum; LP, lateral plate of epiphallus; PZ, pseudoarch of ectophallus; RC, ramus of cingulum; S, sheath of ectophallus; SS, spermatophore sac; SZ, suprazygomal plate of cingulum; VC, ventral cleft of cingulum; VI, ventral inflection of endophallic apodeme; VMA, ventral margins of aedeagal valves; VP, ventral process of cingulum; VTC, ventral transverse thickening of cingulum; Z, zygoma of cingulum; I, length of bridge of epiphallus; II, length of lateral plate of epiphallus; III, interspace between apodemal plates of cingulum; IV, width of base of aedeagal sclerites; V, length of dorsal inflections of endophallus; VI, length of aedeagal sclerites and valves together (from the tip of aedeagus to the base of aedeagal sclerites).

FIGURE 8 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 8. Type specimens of S. purpurascens: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype f (B); S. planum: lectotype m (C) and paralectotype f (D); S. macrophallicum: holotype m (E) and allotype f (F); S. minimum lectotype m (G); S. affine lecototype m (H) (Scale bars = 1cm).

FIGURE 28 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURE 28. Phylogram of the tree obtained using GARLI and with cox1 data for Neobidessodes alone. Node support, when above 50%: bold (GARLI bootstrap), normal font (TNT parsimony jackknife values). Abbreviations behind N. thoracicus sp.n.: "b.s" = black specimens; "l.f." = "light form".

FIGURES 36–41 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURES 36–41. Habitats of Neobidessodes: 36) NT, Kakadu NP, Creek on the way to Gunlom (NT 16), habitat of black specimens and the typical form of Neobidessodes thoracicus sp.n.; 37) Restpools in river at Gungurrul Lookout in Kakadu NP, October 1996, habitat of N. denticulatus, N. flavosignatus, N. mjobergi and N. thoracicus sp.n.; 38) S QLD, 8 km SE Miriam Vale, road to Agnes Water, Oyster Creek (QLD 50), habitat of N. denticulatus; 39) S QLD, N Brisbane, Caboolture/Beerburrum road, near King John Creek (QLD 62), shallow roadside swamp, habitat of N. denticulatus; 40) S NSW, 6.5 km SW Eden, Towamba Road 2 km N Nullica, 556 m (NSW 111), habitat of N. bilita; 41) S VIC, Simpsons Creek 12 km SW Orbost at Princess Hwy (VIC 116), habitat of N. bilita (Photos: L. Hendrich).

FIGURE 29 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURE 29. Performance of clustering in Neobidessodes. The blue graph indicates the number of clusters relative to the number of a priori identified morphospecies, found at 1–10% preset clustering distance in SpeciesIdentifier software. The red graph depicts the percentage of clusters that contain one and only one a priori identified morphospecies relative to the number of a priori identified morphospecies. Perfect clustering performance would see both graphs at 100% at least in one interval (e.g. 3%).

FIGURES 23–24 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURES 23–24. Distribution of Neobidessodes: 23) N. flavosignatus; 24) N. samkrisi sp.n. (square) and N. grossus (dots).

FIGURES 13–17 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURES 13–17. Median lobe of aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral view (b), and right paramere in lateral view (c): 13) Neobidessodes thoracicus sp.n. (paratype); 14) N. thoracicus sp.n. ("light form"); 15) N. flavosignatus; 16) N. mjobergi and 17) N. samkrisi sp.n. (scale bar = 0.5 mm) (Photos: L. Hendrich).

FIGURES 9–12. 9 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURES 9–12. 9) N. thoracicus sp.n. (paratype); 10) N. thoracicus sp.n. (paratype, "black specimen"); 11) N. thoracicus sp.n. ("light form", WA, Kimberley Region, 50 km S Wyndham, Black Flag Creek); 12) N. thoracicus sp.n. ("light form", NT, Kakadu N.P., Jim Jim District, Gungurul Lookout) (scale bar = 1 mm) (Photos: A. Riedel).

FIGURE 27 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURE 27. Phylogram of the tree obtained using GARLI and cox1 and 16S data for Australasian Bidessini, Neotropical Bidessodes and outgroups. Node support, when above 50%: bold (GARLI bootstrap), italics (MrBayes posterior propablities>0.5, x100), normal font (TNT jackknife values). Note: "Clypeodytes migrator" will be transferred to Leiodytes in a forthcoming revision (Hendrich et al. in prep.).

FIGURES 30–35 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURES 30–35. Habitats of Neobidessodes: 30) Slow flowing stream and rest pool in monsoonal rainforest at Gubara (Kakadu NP, NT), habitat of "black specimens" of Neobidessodes thoracicus sp.n.; 31) NT, Manton Dam Recreation Area, 46 km S Darwin (NT 1), habitat of N. denticulatus, N. flavosignatus and N. mjobergi; 32) NT, Finnis River 10 km W Batchelor (NT 2), habitat of N. mjobergi and N. denticulatus; 33) NT, Litchfield NP, Shady Creek, Florence Falls (NT 3), habitat of N. grossus; 34) NT, Nitmiluk NP, Edith Falls, Upper Pool (NT 12), habitat of N. grossus; 35) NT, Kakadu Hwy, Harriet Creek at Hwy Crossing (NT 14), habitat of N. grossus and N. thoracicus sp.n. (Photos: L. Hendrich).

FIGURES 5–8 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURES 5–8. Habitus of 5) Neobidessodes samkrisi sp.n. (holotype, male); 6) N. grossus; 7) N. mjobergi; 8) Neobidessodes bilita (female) (scale bar = 1 mm) (Photos: A. Riedel).

FIGURES 1–4 in The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles- a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)

FIGURES 1–4. Habitus of 1) N. denticulatus (WA, Pilbara, Millstream Chichester National Park, Fortescue River side branch); 2) N. denticulatus (NT, Kakadu N.P., Jim Jim District, Gungurul Lookout); 3) N. flavosignatus (WA, East Kimberley, Gibb Range, Gibb River Road, Russ Creek Crossing); 4) N. flavosignatus (NT, Manton Dam Recreation Area, 46 km S Darwin) (scale bar = 1 mm), (Photos: A. Riedel).