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2,291 results for “life history”
Figure 2 in Mosquitofish life history in a Mediterranean wetland
Figure 2. Fulton index trend during the study period (by sex).
FIGURE 1 in The Impact Of Cucumber Nitrogen Nutrition On Life History Traits Of Tetranychus Urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
FIGURE 1: Age specific survival rate (lx) and fecundity (mx) of Tetranychus urticae on four nitrogen treatments
Fig. 3 in Ecology and life history of an Amazon floodplain cichlid: the discus fish Symphysodon (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
Fig. 3. Sampling of a small submerged tree crown or 'galhada'
Figure 3 in Inferring life history from ovipositor morphology in parasitoid wasps using phylogenetic regression and discriminant analysis
Figure 3. Measurements used in the analyses. See Table 3 for further explanation of characters.
Data from: Hybridization alters growth and migratory life history expression of native trout
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Human-mediated hybridization threatens many native species, but the effects of introgressive hybridization on life history expression are rarely quantified, especially in vertebrates. We quantified the effects of non-native rainbow trout admixture on important life history traits including growth and partial migration behavior in three populations of westslope cutthroat trout over five years. Rainbow trout admixture was associated with increased summer growth rates in all populations, and decreased spring growth rates in two populations with cooler spring temperatures. These results indicate that non-native admixture may increase growth under warmer conditions, but cutthroat trout have higher growth rates during cooler periods. Non-native admixture consistently increased expression of migratory behavior, suggesting that there is a genomic basis for life history differences between these species. Our results show that effects of interspecific hybridization on fitness traits can be the product of genotype-by-environment interactions even when there are minor differences in environmental optima between hybridizing species. These results also indicate that while environmentally mediated traits like growth may play a role in population-level consequences of admixture, strong genetic influences on migratory life history differences between these species likely explains the continued spread of non-native hybridization at the landscape-level, despite selection against hybrids at the population-level.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Selfing rate variation within species is unrelated to life-history traits or geographic range position
<p>Premise: In plants, populations and species vary widely along the continuum from outcrossing to selfing. Life-history traits and ecological circumstances influence among-species variation in selfing rates but their general role in explaining intraspecific variation is unknown. Using a database of plant species, we test whether life-history traits, geographic range position, or abundance predict selfing rate variation among populations. </p> <p>Methods: We identified species where selfing rates were estimated in at least three populations at known locations. Two key life-history traits (generation time and growth form) were used to predict within-species selfing rate variation. Populations sampled within a species' native range were assessed for proximity to the nearest edge and abundance. Finally, we conducted linear and segmented regressions to determine functional relationships between selfing rate and geographic range position within species.</p> <p>Key results: While woody species exhibit lower variation in selfing rates compared to herbs, this is explained by the lower average selfing rate of woody species. Relationships between selfing and peripherality or abundance significantly varied among species in their direction and magnitude. However, there was no general pattern of increased selfing towards range edges. A power analysis shows that tests of this hypothesis require studying many (i.e. 40+) populations.</p> <p>Conclusions: Intraspecific variation in plant mating systems is often substantial yet remains difficult to explain. Beyond sampling more populations, future tests of biogeographic hypotheses will benefit from phylogeographic information concerning specific range edges, the study of traits influencing mating system (e.g. herkogamy), and measures of abundance at local scales (e.g. population density).</p>
The telomere regulatory gene POT1 responds to stress and predicts performance in nature: implications for telomeres and life history evolution
<p>Telomeres are emerging as correlates of fitness-related traits and may be important mediators of ecologically relevant variation in life history strategies. Growing evidence suggests that telomere dynamics can be more predictive of performance than length itself, but very little work considers how telomere regulatory mechanisms respond to environmental challenges or influence performance in nature. Here, we combine observational and experimental datasets from free-living tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) to assess how performance is predicted by the telomere regulatory gene POT1, which encodes a shelterin protein that sterically blocks telomerase from repairing the telomere. First, we show that lower POT1 gene expression was associated with higher female quality, <i>i.e.</i> earlier breeding and heavier body mass. We next challenged mothers with an immune stressor (lipopolysaccharide injection) that led to 'sickness' in mothers and 24h of food restriction in their offspring. While POT1 did not respond to maternal injection, females with lower constitutive POT1 gene expression were better able to maintain feeding rates following treatment. Maternal injection also generated a one-day stressor for chicks, which responded with lower POT1 gene expression and elongated telomeres. Other putatively stress-responsive mechanisms (i.e. glucocorticoids, antioxidants) showed marginal responses in stress-exposed chicks. Model comparisons indicated that POT1 mRNA abundance was a largely better predictor of performance than telomere dynamics, indicating that telomere regulators may be powerful modulators of variation in life history strategies.</p>
Relationships between egg size and maternal size, life-history forms, and habitats of Greenlandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
<p><span>Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus [L.] </span><span>complex) has been widely used as a model system for studies in evolutionary ecology because of its diversity in feeding ecology, habitat use, life-history forms, and associated morphologies observed in matured individuals. However, we still know relatively little about traits exhibited early in life of the species, although the trait diversity of matured individuals may largely be shaped during development. Egg size is a key determinant ofvarious traits exhibited early in life. Therefore, describing egg size variation within- and between-individuals as well as the link between egg size and adult traits will be a useful step in understanding the early life trait diversity of Arctic charr. Here, using Greenlandic Arctic charr, which includes alternative life-history forms (i.e., anadromous and resident) and spawning habitat use (i.e., lake- and river- spawner), we described egg size variation (i.e., clutch-mean egg diameter and within-clutch variation) and explored the link between egg size variation and female body length, life-history form, and spawning habitats. As in many other fishes, clutch-mean egg diameter increased with female body length. No significant effect of other female traits on clutch mean-egg diameter was detected, suggesting that female body size variation could be a direct cause of early life history trait variation. On the other hand, we found that the degree of within-clutch variation of the anadromous life-history form was higher than that of the resident life-history form. </span><span>T</span><span>he pattern could be interpreted in an adaptive context. For instance, given that the anadromous life-history form tends to be semelparous, anadromous </span><span>females </span><span>could decrease the likelihood of complete reproductive failure by producing variable-sized offspring within a clutch since at least some offspring are expected to be matched to the prevailing environment.</span></p>
Human activities favour prolific life histories in both traded and introduced vertebrates
<p>Species' life histories determine population demographics and thus the probability that introduced populations establish and spread. Life histories also influence which species are most likely to be introduced, but how such 'introduction biases' arise remains unclear. Here, we investigate how life histories affect the probability of trade and introduction in phylogenetic comparative analyses across three vertebrate classes: mammals, reptiles and amphibians. We find that traded species have relatively high reproductive rates and long reproductive lifespans. Within traded species, introduced species have a more extreme version of this same life history profile. Species in the pet trade also have long reproductive lifespans but lack 'fast' traits, likely reflecting demand for rare species which tend to have slow life histories. We identify multiple species not yet traded or introduced but with life histories indicative of high risk of future trade, introduction and potentially invasion. Our findings suggest that species with high invasion potential are favoured in the wildlife trade and therefore that trade regulation is crucial for preventing future invasions.</p>
Mapping the correlations and gaps in studies of complex life histories
<p><span>For species with complex life histories, phenotypic correlations between life-history stages constrain both ecological and evolutionary trajectories. Studies that seek to understand correlations across life history differ greatly in their experimental approach: some follow individuals ("individual longitudinal"), while others follow cohorts ("cohort longitudinal"). Cohort longitudinal studies risk confounding results through Simpson's Paradox, where correlations observed at the cohort-level do not match that of the individual-level. Individual longitudinal studies are laborious in comparison, but provide a more reliable test of correlations across life-history stages. Our understanding of the prevalence, strength and direction of phenotypic correlations depends on the approaches that we use, but the relative representation of different approaches is unknown. Using marine invertebrates as a model group, we used a formal, systematic literature map to screen 17,000+ papers studying complex life histories, and characterized the study type (i.e. cohort longitudinal, individual longitudinal or single stage), as well as other factors. For 3,315 experiments from 1,716 articles, most (67.4%) focused on a single stage, and just 1.7% used an individual longitudinal approach. While life-history stages have been studied extensively, we suggest that the field prioritize individual longitudinal studies to understand the phenotypic correlations among stages.</span></p>
Dataset for "Polyploidy impacts population growth and competition with diploids: Multigenerational experiments reveal key life history tradeoffs"
<p>Datasets associated with the manuscript "Polyploidy impacts population growth and competition with diploids: Multigenerational experiments reveal key life history tradeoffs".</p>
Datasets and R script to replicate the theoretical modeling from the article entitled Multiple hosts, multiple impacts: the role of vertebrate host diversity in shaping mosquito life history and pathogen transmission
<p>Datasets and R script to replicate the theoretical modeling from the article entitled "<strong> </strong>Multiple hosts, multiple impacts: the role of vertebrate host diversity in shaping mosquito life history and pathogen transmission" by Vantaux A., Moiroux N., Dabire K. R., Cohuet A., Lefevre T. 2023</p>
Data for: Phylogenetically controlled life history trait meta-analysis in cetaceans reveals unexpected negative brain size and longevity correlation
<p>The identification of patterns in trait evolution is essential to understand the interaction of evolutionary forces, and provides useful information for species management. Cetaceans are a phylogenetically well-resolved infraorder that exhibit distinct trait variation across behavioural, molecular and life history dimensions, yet few researchers have applied a meta-analytic or comparative approach to these traits. To understand cetacean trait evolution, we used a phylogenetic generalised least squares approach to examine the cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH). A large brain should buffer individuals against environmental challenges through increasing survival rates, and a longer lifespan should buffer individuals against the cost of extended development for larger brains according to the CBH, leading to an expected positive correlation between brain size and lifespan. In contrast to this expectation, previously observed in taxa including primates, we found a negative correlation between brain size and lifespan in cetaceans. This suggests cetaceans experience selective pressures different from most other mammals in these traits but may be more similar to some social mammalian carnivores that display alloparenting. We also provide a comprehensive dataset to explore additional aspects of trait evolution but which would greatly benefit from studies on behavioural ecology across cetaceans and increased focus on data-deficient species. </p>
Life history traits of Potamopyrgus antipodarum in variable salinity and temperature
<p>Organisms exposed to major environmental change face atypical and stressful conditions across multiple environmental variables, yet studies of phenotypically plastic responses historically focus on one environmental variable at a time. Evaluating multivariate plasticity of traits across different, simultaneously varying environmental variables provides new insights into the fate of populations amidst environmental changes. We aimed to investigate plasticity in multivariate environments by 1) examining the individual and joint effects of two environmental variables and 2) calculating genotype-by-environment interactions and genetic correlations of character states to investigate potential evolutionary constraints.</p> <p>We performed a lab controlled-environment experiment under a full factorial design of low and high temperatures and salinities with multiple maternal lineages of a parthenogenetic freshwater snail, <em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>. Our results revealed that predictions of plastic trait responses among multivariate environments may be unexpected due to non-additive effects of environmental variables and varying magnitudes and orientations of genetic correlations among fitness-related traits. Considering multivariate environments provides deeper insight and advancement of understanding trait evolution by revealing trait patterns that would otherwise be missed in univariate studies. </p>
Developmental Temperature Affects Life-History Traits and Heat Tolerance in the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius colemani
<p>Dataset associated to the paper "Developmental Temperature Affects Life-History Traits and Heat Tolerance in the Aphid Parasitoid<em> Aphidius colemani". </em>In this study, we exposed the aphid parasitoid <em>Aphidius colemani</em> to different temperature regimes (10, 20, or 28 °C) throughout larval development and measured morphological and physiological traits indicator of fitness and heat tolerance in the adult.</p>
Dataset for Trans-generational effects on diapause and life-history-traits of an aphid parasitoid
<p>Dataset for the following article: Transgenerational effects act on a wide range of insects’ life-history traits and can be involved in the control of developmental plasticity, such as diapause expression. Decrease in or total loss of winter diapause expression recently observed in some species could arise from inhibiting maternal effects. In this study, we explored transgenerational effects on diapause expression and traits in one commercial and one Canadian field strain of the aphid parasitoid <em>Aphidius ervi</em>. These strains were reared under short photoperiod (8:16 h LD) and low temperature (14 °C) conditions over two generations. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/diapause">Diapause</a> levels, developmental times, physiological and morphological traits were measured. Diapause levels increased after one generation in the Canadian field but not in the commercial strain. For both strains, the second generation took longer to develop than the first one. Tibia length and wing surface decreased over generations while fat content increased. A crossed-generations experiment focusing on the industrial parasitoid strain showed that offspring from mothers reared at 14 °C took longer to develop, were heavier, taller with wider wings and with more fat reserves than those from mothers reared at 20 °C (8:16 h LD). No effect of the mother rearing conditions was shown on diapause expression. Additionally to direct plasticity of the offspring, results suggest transgenerational plasticity effects on diapause expression, development time, and on the values of life-history traits. We demonstrated that populations showing low diapause levels may recover higher levels through transgenerational plasticity in response to diapause-induction cues, provided that environmental conditions are reaching the induction-thresholds specific to each population. Transgenerational plasticity is thus important to consider when evaluating how insects adapt to changing environments.</p>
Overwintering strategies and life-history traits of different populations of Aphidius platensis along a latitudinal gradient in Chile
<p>The onset of an overwintering strategy to overcome cold temperatures of a species of ectotherms can include<br> remaining active or entering diapause. This in turn will depend on the relative costs of each strategy and therefore, could differ among populations along a latitudinal gradient. Thus, expecting higher levels of diapause in the coldest conditions and a higher incidence of individuals remaining active in the warmest conditions. We assessed the insect responses to photoperiod and temperature, in five Chilean populations of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius platensis. We analysed the variation in winter temperature along the latitudinal gradient and, under controlled conditions, examining the potential effects of three constant conditions of photoperiod/temperature: 8:16LD (Light: Dark, hours) at 10°C, 10:14LD at 14°C, and 16:8LD at 20°C, on diapause levels. Finally, we measured cold tolerance (CTMin), developmental time, fresh body mass and size, fat and water content, and egg load for the emerging parasitoids. Our results showed no clear latitudinal gradient in temperature but differences among sites were clear. None of the five populations of A. platensis expressed diapause at any tested condition, suggesting that the environmental thresholds for diapause induction are perhaps not reached in this species under the studied latitudes. Insects from the coldest point in the gradient (Pinto) showed the lowest CTMin suggesting local adaptation. Moreover, physiological and life-history traits seem to adjust rapidly through developmental thermal acclimation, showing that plasticity is involved in the parasitoid’s responses to the temperature differences found among localities. Consequently, both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to this species remaining active during the whole<br> winter, being an effective strategy to diapause in relatively mild and stable thermal environments.</p>
Post-glacial colonization of the Fennoscandian coast by a plant parasitic insect with an unusual life history
<p><span>Species that exhibit very peculiar ecological traits combined with limited dispersal ability pose a challenge to our understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. This is especially true when they have managed to spread over long distances, overcome physical barriers and colonise large areas. Climate and landscape changes, trophic web relations as well as life history all interact to shape migration routes and present-day species distributions and their population genetic structures. Here we analysed the post-glacial colonization of northern Europe by the gall midge <em>Contarinia</em> <em>vincetoxici</em>, which is a monophagous parasite on the perennial herb White swallowwort (<em>Vincetoxicum</em> <em>hirundinaria</em>). This insect not only has a narrow feeding niche but also limited dispersal ability and an exceptionally long dormancy. Gall midge larvae (n = 329) were collected from 16 sites along its distribution range in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. Using microsatellite loci and knowledge of the species and the regions' history, we investigated the role of landscape change, host plant distribution, insect population dynamics, and life history in shaping the population genetic structure of the insect. We devoted particular interest to the role of the insect's presumed poor dispersal capacity in combination with its exceptionally extended diapause. We found significant levels of local inbreeding (95% highest posterior density interval = 0.42–0.47), low level within-population heterozygosity (mean HE = 0.45, range 0.20–0.61) with private alleles in all populations except two. We also found significant (p < 0.001) regional isolation-by-distance patterns, suggesting regularly recurring mainly short-distance dispersal. According to approximate Bayesian computations, <em>C. vincetoxici</em> appears to have colonized the study area via wind-aided flights from remote areas approximately 4600 to 700 years before present when the land has gradually risen above the sea level. Extremely long dormancy periods have allowed the species to "disperse in time", thereby aiding population persistence despite generally low census population sizes.</span></p>
Host influence on life history traits of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann in an arid region of Argentina
<pre>Data set of life history traits of Ceratitis capitata recovered from peaches, plums, and figs grown under climatic conditions of an irrigated oasis in San Juan, Argentina.</pre>
Parallel evolution of behaviour, physiology and life history associated with altitudinal shifts in forest type in Heliconius butterflies
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Parallel evolution of morphological traits is widely reported, providing evidence for the role of local conditions in driving adaptive divergence. Comparatively, fewer studies have tested for parallelism in behaviour, and it is less clear to what extent heritable behavioural shifts contribute to adaptive divergence. We exploit repeated incipient speciation across altitudinal gradients to explore behaviour and physiology in <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies adapted to high-elevation. We performed common garden experiments with <em>H. chestertonii, </em>a high-altitude specialist from the Colombian Cordillera Occidental, and <em>H. erato venus</em>, a low-elevation proxy for the ancestral population, and compared our results to existing data for an equivalent Ecuadorian taxa-pair. Using broad-scale climatic data, we show that both pairs diverge across similar ecological gradients, confirmed using localised data loggers in the ranges of <em>H. chestertonii</em> and <em>H. e. venus</em>. We further show that <em>H. chestertonii </em>and <em>H. e. venus</em> have divergent activity patterns, attributable to different responses to microclimate, and life histories. Finally, we provide evidence for parallelism in these traits with <em>H. himera</em> and <em>H. e. cyrbia</em>. We propose that this is a result of selection associated with independent colonisations of high-altitude forests, emphasising the importance of heritable behavioural and physiological adaptations during population divergence and speciation.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.