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Fig. 4 in Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 4. Stereo scanning electron micrographs of studied eutherian mammal specimens from the Berriasian Purbeck Group of Dorset, southern England; in occlusal view. A. Durlstotherium newmani gen. et sp. nov., NHMUK PV M 99991. B. Durlstodon ensomi gen. et sp. nov., NHMUK PV M 99992.

Fig. 7 in Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 7. Artist's impression of the Purbeck lagoon at dusk with Durlstodon gen. nov. (left foreground), Durlstotherium gen. nov. (right and center foreground) and the theropod Nuthetes holding a captured Durlstotherium (centre middle distance). Artwork by Mark Witton.

Fig. 6 in Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 6. Explanatory drawing of studied specimens of eutherian mammal teeth from the Berriasian Purbeck Group of Dorset, southern England; in occlusal view showing wear facets described in the text (from Crompton 1971). A. Durlstotherium newmani gen. et sp. nov., NHMUK PV M 99991. B. Durlstodon ensomi gen. et sp. nov., NHMUK PV M 99992.

Fig. 2 in Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic log of part of the Purbeck Group exposed in the northern part of Durlston Bay showing the horizons from which mammal remains have been recovered, and the horizon from which the new specimens described here were obtained. Redrawn from Clements (1993) using the author's "erosional profile" but with additional bed names. Detailed comments on lithologies and palaeontology are contained in the above publication in which all bed numbers bear the prefix DB.

Fig. 3 in Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 3. Interpretive line drawings of teeth of the eutherian mammals Durlstotherium newmani gen. et sp. nov., NHMUK PV M 99991 (A) and Durlstodon ensomi gen. et sp. nov., NHMUK PV M 99992 (B) from the Purbeck Group exposed in Durlston Bay, Dorset, UK, in occlusal view, showing dental terminology (A, B) and dental measurements (C, D).

Fig. 7 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 7. Bivariate plots of Phiomia sp. cheek teeth from the BOTM, early Oligocene, Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt (stars) compared with Phiomia spp. from the early Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt (diamonds) and Phiomia major from the late Oligocene, Chilga Formation of the Chilga Region, Ethiopia (triangles). Comparative dimensions of Phiomia serridens from Matsumoto (1924: 48, tables B, C, E, G); dimensions of Phiomia major from Sanders et al. (2004: table 2). A. M3? (or M2?) and M3?, originally the latter molar would have been larger in width (see text). B. m3, the width is based on estimated dimensions.

Fig. 12. A–C in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 12. A–C. Carcharhiniformes and Myliobatiformes from the BOTM, early Oligocene, Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt; photographed and left in the field. A. Carcharhinus sp., incomplete upper tooth in lingual view. B, C. "Aetobatus" sp. B. Lower tooth in occlusal (B1) and basal (B2) views. C. Lower tooth in occlusal view. D–M. Carcharhiniformes and Lamniformes from the BOS, early Oligocene, Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt. D. Hemipristis cf. serra Agassiz, 1835 (1843) (CGM67195), upper lateral teeth in lingual (D1, D2, D4) and labial (D3) views. E. Carcharhinus cf. perseus Adnet, Antoine, Hassan Baqri, Crochet, Marivaux, Welcomme, and Métais, 2007 (CGM67194), upper antero-lateral teeth in lingual view. F. Carcharhinus sp. (CGM67195), upper teeth in lingual (F1, F4, F5, F6) and labial (F2, F3) views. G. Negaprion frequens (Dames, 1883) (CGM67191), lower teeth in lingual (G1, G3, G4) and lateral (G2, G5) views. H. Galeocerdo sp. (CGM67195) in lingual view. I–L. Otodus (Carcharocles) cf. sokolowi. I. CGM67195, upper tooth in lingual view. J. CGM69186 upper tooth in lingual (J1) and labial (J2) views. K. CGM69186, lower tooth in labial view. L. CGM69186, lower tooth in lingual (L1) and labial (L2) views. M. Carcharias? sp. (CGM67195), lower teeth in lateral (M1) and lingual (M2) views.

Fig. 8 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 8. Left hyracoid astragalus, cf. Antilohyrax sp. (CGM67188) from the BOTM, early Oligocene, Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt, in plantar (A), lateral (B), and mediodorsal (C) views (photographs: A1–C1; explanatory drawings: A2–C2). D. Outline drawing of Antilohyrax pectidens from the Fayum Depression, Egypt in dorsal view, showing the similarities with the astragalus from Minqar Tibaghbagh (based on Rasmussen and Simons 2000: fig. 6b). Arrows point at the characteristic saddle-shaped navicular facet, broken parts indicated by dotted lines.

Fig. 3 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 3. Comparison between Eocene and Oligocene strata at Minqar Tibaghbagh, El-Qara, El-Arag, and the Fayum Depression, Egypt.

Fig. 10 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 10. Right anthracotheriid astragalus, cf. Bothriogenys sp. from the BOTM, early Oligocene, Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt, in plantar (A), lateral (B), and dorsal (C) views (photographs, A1–C1; explanatory drawings, A2–C2). Missing, reconstructed parts indicated by dotted lines. Drawings reconstructed by projection on pictures from Sileem and Hewaidy (2015: fig. 5B2, B4, B1, respectively).

Fig. 6 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 6. Molars of palaeomastodontid proboscideans cf. Phiomia sp. (A, B) and Phiomia sp. (C) from the BOTM, early Oligocene, Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt. A. Left M3 or M2 (CGM67199) in occlusal view (A1 stereopair; A2, reconstruction; A3, line drawing based on this reconstruction). A2 has been reconstructed by removing the fissures with Photoshop. B. Left M3? (CGM67189) in occlusal view (B1, photograph; B2, line drawing). C. Left m3 (CGM67187) in lingual (C1, arrow points at wear facet), buccal (C2), and occlusal (C3 stereopair; C4, reconstruction; C5, line drawing) views. C4 has been reconstructed by projection on a picture from Tobien (1978: fig. 19). Anterior is downwards. Scale bars 30 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 1. Stratigraphic section of the Oligocene sediments at Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt. BOTM and BOS are indicated on the left of the section.

Fig. 11 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 11. Bivariate plot of an anthracotheriid astragalus, cf. Bothriogenys sp., from the BOTM, early Oligocene, Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt (star), compared with astragali of Bothriogenys sp., from the Jebel Qatrani (black and white triangles) and Qasr El-Sagha (grey triangle) formations of the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Original dimensions of the astragalus from Tibaghbagh have been estimated, because of damage. Dimensions of the other astragali are from Andrews (1906: fig. 61, black triangle) and Sileem and Hewaidy (2015: table 1, grey triangle and white triangles).

Fig. 5 in A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt

Fig. 5. Variegated layers in the lower part of the Oligocene sediments, right upon the BOTM at Minqar Tibaghbagh, Qattara Depression, Egypt. Point of view: E 26°26.380', N 29°10.880'.

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Fig. 1 in Tarsal morphology of the pleuraspidotheriid mammal Hilalia from the middle Eocene of Turkey

Fig. 1. Map of Turkey with the location of the Orhaniye Basin in Central Anatolia (A), geological map of the Orhaniye Basin (B) showing the fossil locality that yielded the astragalus described here, and a synthetic log (C) showing the succession of lithological units exposed in the Orhaniye Basin. Purple stars indicate the location of the fossil site that yielded EOU-UCF-1.

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Fig. 3 in Tarsal morphology of the pleuraspidotheriid mammal Hilalia from the middle Eocene of Turkey

Fig. 3. Comparison of right astragali of Paleocene and Eocene "condylarths": Hilalia saribeya (A), Pleuraspidotherium aumonieri (B), Orthaspidotherium edwardsi (C), Meniscotherium sp. (D), Arctocyon primaevus (E), in dorsal (A1–E1) and plantar (A2–E2) views. Adapted from Argot (2013), Ladevèze et al. (2010), Williamson and Lucas (1992). Scale bars 5 mm.

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Fig. 3 in Feeding habits and habitat of herbivorous mammals from the Early-Late Hemphillian (Miocene) of Costa Rica

Fig. 3. Comparative analysis of carbon and oxygen stable isotope values in dental enamel from fossil herbivorous mammals of the San Gerardo de Limoncito locality.

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Fig. 1. A in Feeding habits and habitat of herbivorous mammals from the Early-Late Hemphillian (Miocene) of Costa Rica

Fig. 1. A. Geographic location of studied area. B. Geological map of the San Gerardo de Limoncito area, modified from Denyer and Alvarado (2007).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 3 in New partial dentaries of amphitheriid mammal Palaeoxonodon ooliticus from Scotland, and posterior dentary morphology in early cladotherians

Fig. 3. Parsimony analysis and reconstructions of dentary of Palaeoxonodon ooliticus (B, C), with Amphitherium (D) for comparison. A. Equally weighted parsimony analysis with additional mandibular characters for the early cladotherian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus, and rescored and updated matrix from Close et al. 2016 (adapted from Zhou et al. 2013). Jackknife resampling statistics and Bremer values (bold) are shown adjacent to individual nodes. B. Composite of NMS G. 2015.17.1 (grey) and coronoid of NMS G.2017.37.1 (red) in buccal (B1) and lingual (B2) views (arrows indicate anterior direction). Data for NMS G. 2015.17.1 from Close et al. (2016). C. Reconstruction of jaw in buccal (C1) and lingual (C2) views. D. Reconstruction based on composite created by EP from NHMUK PV M.36822 and OUMNH J.20075 in buccal view. Scale bars 1 mm.