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KORUS-AQ DC-8 Aircraft In Situ Meteorological and Navigational Data

KORUSAQ_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_DC8_Data are in-situ meteorological and navigational data collected onboard the DC-8 aircraft during KORUS-AQ. This data product features navigational data for the DC-8 aircraft, along with measurements conducted by the DLH and CLH2. Data collection for this product is complete. The KORUS-AQ field study was conducted in South Korea during May-June, 2016. The study was jointly sponsored by NASA and Korea’s National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). The primary objectives were to investigate the factors controlling air quality in Korea (e.g., local emissions, chemical processes, and transboundary transport) and to assess future air quality observing strategies incorporating geostationary satellite observations. To achieve these science objectives, KORUS-AQ adopted a highly coordinated sampling strategy involved surface and airborne measurements including both in-situ and remote sensing instruments.Surface observations provided details on ground-level air quality conditions while airborne sampling provided an assessment of conditions aloft relevant to satellite observations and necessary to understand the role of emissions, chemistry, and dynamics in determining air quality outcomes. The sampling region covers the South Korean peninsula and surrounding waters with a primary focus on the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Airborne sampling was primarily conducted from near surface to about 8 km with extensive profiling to characterize the vertical distribution of pollutants and their precursors. The airborne observational data were collected from three aircraft platforms: the NASA DC-8, NASA B-200, and Hanseo King Air. Surface measurements were conducted from 16 ground sites and 2 ships: R/V Onnuri and R/V Jang Mok.The major data products collected from both the ground and air include in-situ measurements of trace gases (e.g., ozone, reactive nitrogen species, carbon monoxide and dioxide, methane, non-methane and oxygenated hydrocarbon species), aerosols (e.g., microphysical and optical properties and chemical composition), active remote sensing of ozone and aerosols, and passive remote sensing of NO2, CH2O, and O3 column densities. These data products support research focused on examining the impact of photochemistry and transport on ozone and aerosols, evaluating emissions inventories, and assessing the potential use of satellite observations in air quality studies.

SEAC4RS DC-8 Aircraft In-Situ Meteorological and Navigational Data

SEAC4RS_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_DC8_Data are in-situ meteorological and navigation data collected onboard the DC8 aircraft during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEA4CRS) airborne field study. Data collection for this product is complete.Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) airborne field study was conducted in August and September of 2013. The field operation was based in Houston, Texas. The primary SEAC4RS science objectives are: to determine how pollutant emissions are redistributed via deep convection throughout the troposphere; to determine the evolution of gases and aerosols in deep convective outflow and the implications for UT/LS chemistry; to identify the influences and feedbacks of aerosol particles from anthropogenic pollution and biomass burning on meteorology and climate through changes in the atmospheric heat budget (i.e., semi-direct effect) or through microphysical changes in clouds (i.e., indirect effects); and lastly, to serve as a calibration and validation test bed for future satellite instruments and missions.The airborne observational data were collected from three aircraft platforms: the NASA DC-8, ER-2, and SPEC LearJet. Both the NASA DC-8 and ER-2 aircraft were instrumented for comprehensive in-situ and remote sensing measurements of the trace gas, aerosol properties, and cloud properties. In addition, radiative fluxes and meteorological parameters were also recorded. The NASA DC-8 was mostly responsible for tropospheric sampling, while the NASA ER-2 was operating in the lower stratospheric regime. The SPEC LearJet was dedicated to in-situ cloud characterizations. To accomplish the science objectives, the flight plans were designed to investigate the influence of biomass burning and pollution, their temporal evolution, and ultimately, impacts on meteorological processes which can, in turn, feedback on regional air quality. With respect to meteorological feedbacks, the opportunity to examine the impact of polluting aerosols on cloud properties and dynamics was of particular interest.

FIREX-AQ ER-2 In-Situ Meteorological and Navigational Data

FIREXAQ_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_ER2_Data_1 are meteorological and navigational data collected onboard the Earth Resources-2 (ER-2) aircraft during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment - Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) Campaign. Completed during summer 2019, FIREX-AQ used a combination of instrumented airplanes, satellites, and ground-based instrumentation. Specifically, data was collected by the NASA Airborne Science Data Telemetry (NASDAT) System on the ER-2 platform. Data collection for this product is complete. Completed during summer 2019, FIREX-AQ utilized a combination of instrumented airplanes, satellites, and ground-based instrumentation. Detailed fire plume sampling was carried out by the NASA DC-8 aircraft, which had a comprehensive instrument payload capable of measuring over 200 trace gas species, as well as aerosol microphysical, optical, and chemical properties. The DC-8 aircraft completed 23 science flights, including 15 flights from Boise, Idaho and 8 flights from Salina, Kansas. NASA’s ER-2 completed 11 flights, partially in support of the FIREX-AQ effort. The ER-2 payload was made up of 8 satellite analog instruments and provided critical fire information, including fire temperature, fire plume heights, and vegetation/soil albedo information. NOAA provided the NOAA-CHEM Twin Otter and the NOAA-MET Twin Otter aircraft to measure chemical processing in the lofted plumes of Western wildfires. The NOAA-CHEM Twin Otter focused on nighttime plume chemistry, from which data is archived at the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC). The NOAA-MET Twin Otter collected measurements of air movements at fire boundaries with the goal of understanding the local weather impacts of fires and the movement patterns of fires. NOAA-MET Twin Otter data will be archived at the ASDC in the future. Additionally, a ground-based station in McCall, Idaho and several mobile laboratories provided in-situ measurements of aerosol microphysical and optical properties, aerosol chemical compositions, and trace gas species. The FIREX-AQ campaign was a NOAA/NASA interagency intensive study of North American fires to gain an understanding on the integrated impact of the fire emissions on the tropospheric chemistry and composition and to assess the satellite’s capability for detecting fires and estimating fire emissions. The overarching goal of FIREX-AQ was to provide measurements of trace gas and aerosol emissions for wildfires and prescribed fires in great detail, relate them to fuel and fire conditions at the point of emission, characterize the conditions relating to plume rise, and follow plumes downwind to understand chemical transformation and air quality impacts.

NARSTO PAC2001 Sumas Eagle Ridge Gaseous, Particle, and Meteorological Data

NARSTO_PAC2001_SUMAS_MTN_GAS_PM_MET_DATA was obtained between August 13 and September 5, 2001 during the Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001). Measurements were collected at the Sumas Eagle Ridge (SER) site. The SER site was located at 49.05166 N and -122.24666 W, at 300 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and approximately 250 m above the surrounding valley floor. The site was in a forest clearing of about 85 - 95m2 on top of a concrete-covered reservoir and surrounded by a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees. The shortest distance from the site to residential area was about 1 km and was about 3 km to the edge of city of Abbotsford and the nearby major traffic route of Highway 1 in the valley floor. About 3 km to the south of the site, where the elevation drops to about 50 m a.s.l. in the valley floor, NH3 emissions are strong from agricultural sources, and their impact of particle formation and hence the visibility reduction is expected to be significant. Because the site was elevated, the boundary layer did not reach the site each day until midmorning, as indicated by NO and CO. Hence, it was a unique site to study changes in gas and particle chemistry from light to dark hours, the nighttime chemistry and the interaction between biogenic emissions and urban pollution. The site was chosen also to characterize particles for optical, chemical and physical properties since PM in this area of the valley appears to be optically different from those typically observed over the urban areas in Vancouver. The main objectives were to: obtain mass and optical closure in order to better attribute aerosol types and sources to the issues of PM and visibility, and to determine the contribution of non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), biogenic VOCs, and NH3 to particle mass. Gas phase measurements included oxidant related species: O3, NOx , total and speciated NOy, H2O2, CO, SO2, VOCs, including terpenes and some of their oxidation products, carbonyls, and NH3. Nighttime NO3 was measured at a site near this main site by differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Particle chemical characterization measurements included size-distributed mass, inorganic composition, and organic carbon and elemental carbon (using quartz filters and thermal optical transmittance measurements from 0:05 to 18 mm AD. High-time resolution measurements using an AMS were carried out for the last 5 days during this period, covering the size distribution of inorganic and organic species from 0.06 to 0:7 mm AD. Carbon isotope and detailed speciation of organic carbon in particles 2:5 mm were done on high volume samples on quartz filters that were collected twice daily. Continuous mass measurements for particles 10 mm were made using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) that operated at 50C. Particle physical measurements were made to characterize the particle evolution at this site. This included concentration of particles 40:015 mm, number size distribution measurements from 0.003 to 0:20 mm using ultrafine Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMAs). Standard meteorological measurements were carried out at this site during the measurement period. The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) was conducted from 1 August to 31 September 2001 in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada. The study consisted of individual research projects organized to address several issues on ambient particulate matter and ozone that are important to policy makers. A special issue of Atmospheric Environment [Vol. 38(34), Nov 2004] described specific study objectives (Li, 2004) and presented a series of results papers from the field study. The ground sampling sites during the study were Cassiar Tunnel, Slocan Park, Langley Ecole Lochiel, Sumas Eagle Ridge, and Golden Ears Provincial Park. Aloft measurements were taken from a Convair 580 and a Cessna 188. Selected measurement data were compiled for each site and aircraft and are archived as site-specific data sets. North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO), which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) SOFIA Le Suroit Meteorological Data

The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.SOFIA (Surface of the Ocean, Fluxes and Interaction with the Atmosphere) is a research program carried out by French groups from the Centre de Recherches en Physique de l'Environnement (CRPE), Laboratoire l'Aerologie (LA)-Toulouse, Centre de Meteorologie Marine (CMM)-Brest, Institut Francais de Rechercher sur la Mer (IFREMER)-Brest, Service d'Aeronomie-Paris, and Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD)-Palaiseau with cooperation from Centre National de Recherche Meteorologique (CNRM)-Toulouse.The scientific objective of SOFIA during ASTEX was the study of energy transfer (heat, humidity and momentum fluxes) between the sea surface and the atmospheric boundary layer at scales ranging from the local scale to the mesoscale (50 km). The general concept of the program was to develop a measurement strategy based on nested boxes in which instrumentation would be used to estimate and quantify fluxes. These instruments, from which flux estimates at different scales would be measured, were used in connection with satellite measurements to understand and, hence, to validate the satellite integration of fluxes, particularly in the presence of mesoscale oceanic andatmospheric structures responsible for spatial inhomogeneity of fluxes.

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VL1 MARS METEOROLOGY DATA RESAMPLED DATA BINNED-P-T-V V1.0

This data set contains binned and splined data obtained from the Viking Meteorology Instrument System (VMIS) through portions of the Viking Lander 1 mission. The data set consists of mean values of pressure, temperature, and wind speed (zonal and meridional) calculated for 25 bins of equal duration per day. The data are presented on a bin by bin basis for Lander 1 sol (Mars solar day after landing) 1-350, with no data existing between sols 117 and 133. Failure of the wind direction quadrant sensor on Lander 1 sol 45 required development of data recovery techniques to produce wind direction information for periods after the failure. For details on the data recovery techniques used to produce this data set, see MURPHY_1986. Another data set is available for an extensive period of Lander 2 observations and the Lander 1 observations made prior to the sol 45 failure VL1/VL2-M-MET-4-BINNED-P-T-V-V1.0.

DC-8 Meteorological and Navigation Data CPEX-AW V1

The DC-8 Meteorological and Navigation Data CPEX-AW dataset is a subset of airborne measurements that include GPS positioning and trajectory data, aircraft orientation, and atmospheric state measurements of temperature, pressure, water vapor, and horizontal winds. These measurements were taken from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Convective Processes Experiment – Aerosols & Winds (CPEX-AW) field campaign. CPEX-AW was a joint effort between the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the primary goal of conducting a post-launch calibration and validation activities of the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission-Aeolus (ADM-AEOLUS) Earth observation wind Lidar satellite in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Data are available from August 17, 2021 through September 4, 2021 in ASCII format.

SMAPVEX16 Manitoba Meteorological Data V001

This data set contains meteorological data collected for the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2016 Manitoba (SMAPVEX16 Manitoba) campaign.

SASS (Subsonics Assessment) Ozone and NOx Experiment (SONEX) DC-8 In-Situ Meteorological and Navigation Data

SONEX_TraceGas_AircraftInSitu_DC8_Data_1 is the in-situ meteorological and navigation data collected onboard the DC-8 aircraft during the SASS (Subsonics Assessment) Ozone and NOx Experiment (SONEX) suborbital campaign. Data collection for this product is complete. The SASS (Subsonics Assessment) Ozone and NOx Experiment (SONEX) was an international, multi-organizational mission that took place in October-November 1997. NASA was the US sponsor of SONEX that partnered with POLINAT-2 (Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor) funded by the German DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) or German Aerospace Agency. NASA flew the DC-8 aircraft out of NASA/Ames Research Center. DLR operated an instrumented Falcon 20 aircraft. The staging locations for NAFC sampling were primarily Bangor, Maine (US), and Shannon, Ireland. Subsonic aircraft emissions impact several aspects of atmospheric composition: nitrogen oxides (NOx), CO, and hydrocarbons from emissions can perturb upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UT/LS) ozone; water vapor, soot, and sulfur oxides (SOx) emitted by aircraft may perturb clouds and aerosols, changing UT/LS radiative forcing and global temperature. In SONEX and POLINAT, flights were conducted in the vicinity of the North Atlantic Flight Coordinator (NAFC) to observe the impact of aircraft emissions on NOx and ozone (O3). The DC-8 aircraft payload (Singh et al., 1999) primarily measured in-situ CO, CO2, hydrocarbons/halocarbons, O3, aerosols (Dibb et al., 2000), OH/HO2, water vapor, nitric acid (Talbot et al., 1999), photolysis rates, temperature, pressure, winds, NOx, and NOy. Three sampling approaches were implemented during SONEX. First, special meteorological (Fuelberg et al., 2000) were developed to allow targeted sampling for air parcels affected by aircraft emissions and various meteorological events, e.g., convection, lightning (Jeker et al., 2000), stratospheric intrusions (Cho et al., 2000). Second, because the NAFC had not been extensively sampled in the past, it was important for SONEX to characterize the climatology of trace species like CN (Wang et al., 2000), NOx and NOy (Koike et al., 2000). Third, tracers (Simpson et al., 2000; Thompson et al., 1999) and model sensitivity studies (Meijer et al., 2000) were employed for Air Mass Identification. This sampling strategy answered the following questions: Where and when are air masses found with the greatest aircraft influence? When and where was stratospheric air sampled? SONEX showed a substantial impact of aircraft emissions on UT/LS NOx and CN in the vicinity of fresh aircraft emissions. However, during October-November 1997 over the NAFC, UT/LS NOx was dominated by surface emissions redistributed by convection and augmented by lightning.

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VL1/VL2 MARS METEOROLOGY DATA CALIBRATED DATA PRESSURE V1.0

This data set contains the martian surface atmospheric pressure readings obtained through much of the duration of the Viking Lander 1 and 2 missions (data are included for Viking Lander 1 sols 0 - 2245 and Viking Lander 2 sols 0 - 1050). The data are derived from the ambient pressure sensor carried onboard the Landers and values are presented on a point by point basis. The sampling rate was variable throughout the mission maximum sampling rate was one measurement per second, but ranged up to 65 minutes for Lander 1 and 105 minutes for Lander 2. For further background information on the Viking Meteorology Instrument System (VMIS) and results from this experiment, see CHAMBERLAIN_ETAL1976, HESS_ETAL_1976A, HESS_ETAL_1976B, and HESS_ETAL_1977. For discussions of analyses of experiment data, see also TILLMAN_1977, HESS_ETAL_1980, and TILLMAN_1988. An earlier version of this data set is archived at the NSSDC (NSSDC ID 75-075C-07D and 75-083C-07D).

Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L4 Carbon Ancillary Surface Meteorological Forcing Data V001

This ancillary SMAP product contains dynamic surface meteorological forcing data. The meteorological model is derived from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data set and used as an input in the SMAP L4 Carbon algorithm. The forcing data is processed from hourly GEOS-5 files into daily values. Daily files are processed every eight days.

P-3 Meteorological and Navigation Data IMPACTS V1

The P-3 Meteorological and Navigation Data IMPACTS dataset is a subset of airborne measurements that include GPS positioning and trajectory data, aircraft orientation, and atmospheric state measurements of temperature, pressure, water vapor, and horizontal winds. These measurements were taken from the NASA P-3 aircraft during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) campaign. Funded by NASA’s Earth Venture program, IMPACTS is the first comprehensive study of East Coast snowstorms in 30 years. The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. Data are available in ASCII-ict format from January 12, 2020 through February 25, 2022.

GPM Ground Validation Physicum Building Mast Meteorological Data LPVEx V1

The GPM Ground Validation Physicum Building Mast Meteorological Data LPVEx dataset consists of meteorological data (temperature, pressure, wind, precipitation, and radiation) collected from the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations III (SMEAR III) at the University of Helsinki’s Physicum building rooftop weather station in Helsinki, Finland. These data were collected during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Light Precipitation Validation Experiment (LPVEx) field campaign that took place around the Gulf of Finland, aiming to provide additional high-latitude, light rainfall measurements for the improvement of GPM satellite precipitation algorithms. These meteorological data files are available from September 16 through October 22, 2010 in ASCII-CSV and ASCII text formats.

High Mountain Asia 4-km Dynamically Downscaled Meteorological Data, 2000-2015 V001

This High Mountain Asia (HMA) data set contains simulated meteorological data for the Indus Basin from 2000 through 2015, at three horizontal resolutions – 36 km, 12 km, and 4 km – and 9 pressure levels spanning 1000 hPa – 200 hPa. The data were produced by using the Advanced Research Weather Research & Forecasting (ARW-WRF) model to dynamically downscale Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data into three nested domains with increasing horizontal resolution.

SMAPVEX16 Manitoba Meteorological Data V001

This data set contains meteorological data collected for the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2016 Manitoba (SMAPVEX16 Manitoba) campaign.

High Mountain Asia 1 km 6-hourly Downscaled Meteorological Data 2003 to 2018 V001

This data set provides downscaled six-hourly atmospheric forcings from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) precipitation from 2003 to 2019 at a spatial resolution of ~1km across High Mountain Asia.

Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO) oceanographic and meteorological data collection system

Measurements from the LEO station off the Atlantic Coast of New Jersey in 2001.

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VL1/VL2 MARS METEOROLOGY RESAMPLED DATA BINNED-P-T-V V1.0

This data set contains binned and splined data obtained from the Viking Meteorology Instrument System (VMIS) through most of the Viking Lander 2 mission and the early days of the Lander 1 mission. The data set consists of mean values of pressure, temperature, and wind speed (zonal, meridional, and combined) and relevant statistics and warning flags calculated for 25 bins of equal duration per day. The effect of Lander interference on the temperature measurements is also estimated. The data are presented on a bin by bin basis for Lander 1 sol (Mars solar day after landing) 1-45 and for Lander 2 sol 1-1050 (with the only major gap occurring between sol 561 and 625). Failure of the quadrant sensor on Lander 1 sol 45 (see HESS_ETAL_1977) precludes unambiguous determination of wind direction without modification to the analysis techniques and software used to generate this data set (see HESS_ETAL_1977) therefore, this data set does not include Lander 1 measurements made after sol 45. A data set which has recovered a period of measurements made between Lander 1 sol 1 and 350 is available refer to PDS data set id VL1-M-MET-4-BINNED-P-T-V-CORR-V1.0.

SnowEx21 Prairie Station Hourly Meteorological Data V001

This data set contains observations from a meteorological station installed at the Central Agricultural Research Center in Moccasin Montana as part of the NASA SnowEx 2021 Prairie Snow field campaign. Parameters include: air temperature, wind speed and direction, and barometric pressure. Data are available from 12 November 2020 through 2 March 2021.