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Figures 7–9. Braunsapis breviceps Michener for comparison with B. scorpius. 7 in A new socially parasitic Braunsapis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae: Allodapini) from Vietnam, with a key to female socially parasitic Braunsapis in Asia
Figures 7–9. Braunsapis breviceps Michener for comparison with B. scorpius. 7. Dorsal view of metasoma to show depressed surface of T4 and T5 and strongly sinuate sides to T6 in comparison to the situation in B. scorpius (Fig. 6) (scale bar = 1 mm). 8. Detail of mouthparts (scale bar = 0.5 mm). 9. Base of midleg to show unusually strongly developed (albeit not "brush-like") hairs at base of mesofemur and on mesotrochanter (scale bar = 0.5 mm).
FIG. 33 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 33. — Callosities in Dorippoidinae n. subfam. (Dorippoides) and Dorippinae n. stat. (Dorippe): A, callosity reduced to a thin calcified band: Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785), ♂ 25.3 × 32.0 mm, Malaysia, Johore, Pontian, ZRC 1991.6672. B, no apparent callosity in male Dorippoides nudipes Manning & Holthuis, 1986, ♂ 16.2 × 19.4 mm, Iran, ZRC 2017.1227. C, callosity as a thick, elongated bulge: Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793), ♂ 39.0 × 41.4 mm, Thailand, Pattani Province, ZRC 2003.0126. D-F, callosity as a hemicircular structure: close-up views from different angles: D, E. Dorippe sinica Chen, 1980. D, ♀ 36.2 × 39.5 mm, China, Guangdong, Nanao Island, ZRC 1999.0470; E, ♂ 36.6 × 38.6 mm, Japan, Kochi, Shikoku, SMF 57855. F, D. frascone (Herbst, 1785), ♂ 29.7 × 31.0 mm, Philippines, Exp. Panglao 2004, ZRC 2008.0076. G, H, callosity as an arched double cup: D. tenuipes Chen, 1980, South China Sea, ZRC 1999.0009: G, ovigerous ♀ 17.3 × 19.6 mm; H, ♂ 13.2 × 14.2 mm. Abbreviations: b, branchiostegite; c, callosity; cx2-cx5, P2-P5 coxae; f, sulcated part of coxa; l, onepiece lateroventral part of coxa; m, membrane; p, pleon; pr, process of retention of female pleonal somite 2; pl6, exposed pleurite 6; P2-P5, pereiopods 2-5; r, rim of carapace posterior margin; s, strip along posterior rim; 1, 2, pleonal somites 1, 2; t, bottom of callosity with special texture; 7, 8, thoracic sternites 7, 8.
FIG. 28. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 28. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986: A-D, ♂ 23.0 × 29.3 mm, Philippines, Bohol Province, ZRC 2016.0240: A, ventral view; B, anterior region; C, thoracic sternum with pleon; D, thoracic sternum, G1. E, ♂ 25.0 × 30.0 mm, Philippines, MUSORSTOM 3, MNHN-IU-2018-5201 (= MNHN-B18913): thoracic sternum, G1 and G2.
FIG. 23. — Medorippinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 23. — Medorippinae n. subfam.: A, B,?Medorippe crosnieri Chen, 1988. Mozambique Channel, MAINBAZA Expedition: A, ♂ 21.1 × 25.9 mm, CP 3132, MNHN-IU-2009-1998, with dimorphic chelipeds; B, young ♂ 12.0 × 15.0 mm, CP 3130, MNHN-IU-2009-1999, with symmetrical chelipeds. Photos courtesy of T.-Y. Chan. C, Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus, 1767), ♂ 23.2 × 28.9 mm, no data, ZRC 2009.0412 (ex MNHN): P2 merus with spinulated dorsal margin; D,?Medorippe crosnieri Chen, 1988, ♂ 21.1 × 25.9 mm, same data as in A (MNHN-IU-2009-1998): P2 merus with smooth dorsal margin. Photographs made by S. Soubzmaigne.
FIG. 37 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 37. — Schematic representation of character mapping of sperm storage organs in the different dorippid subfamilies recognised here (except Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. not studied) and in a typical eubrachyuran: ovary with oocytes; oviduct; cuticular bursae (thin black line), of equal or unequal size; seminal receptacle either bilateral twin- or bilateral single, and either completely cuticular (thin black line) or partially glandular (thick black line). The twin system occurs in Dorippinae n. stat., Dorippoidinae n. subfam., Paradorippinae n. subfam. and Philippidorippinae n. subfam.; the single system occurs in Heikeopsinae n. subfam., Medorippinae n. subfam. and in the typical Eubrachyura (most, see e.g. Ethusidae). Modified from Vehof 2020: figs 20-22).
FIG. 20. — Heikeopsinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 20. — Heikeopsinae n. subfam. Neodorippe callida (Fabricius, 1798): A, young ♂ 10.1 × 10.3 mm, Singapore, Changi Point Beach, ZRC 2018.0445: habitus of young male; B, C, Andaman Sea, Phuket, Thailand, MNHN-IU-2016-10754 (ex ZRC 1998.1116): B, ♀ 14.0 × 15.0 mm, habitus; C, ♂ 13.5 × 14 mm: ventral view. D, E, ♂ 10.1 × 10.3 mm, same data as A, ZRC 2018.0445: D, thoracic sternum with pleon; E, without pleon, G1, press-buttons. F, ♀ 11.2 × 11.5 mm, same data as A, D, E, ZRC 2018.0445: anterior view. G, ♀ 11.2 × 11.5 mm, sama data as B, C, MNHN-IU-2016-10754: vulvae, press-buttons. H, ♀ 11.2 × 11.5 mm, same data as A, D, E, F, ZRC 2018.0445: vulvae.
FIG. 30. — Phyllodorippinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 30. — Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. Phyllodorippe armata (Miers, 1881), ♂ 12.3 × 16.2 mm, Guinean Trawling Survey, ZRC 2009.0413 (ex MNHN-B24202): A, both chelae; B, thoracic sternum and pleon; C, thoracic sternum without pleon; D, G1 and press-buttons.
FIG. 19. — Heikeopsinae n. subfam. A-D in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 19. — Heikeopsinae n. subfam. A-D, Heikeopsis japonica (von Siebold, 1824): A, ♂ 22.5 × 24.3 mm, Japan, Tokushima, SMF 57856: habitus; B, ♀ 23.5 × 26.7 mm, Japan, Chaffanjon, MNHN-IU-2000-4091 (= MNHN-B4091): habitus; C, ♂ 25.0 × 27.3 mm, same data as B: ventral view; D, ♂ 24.2 × 25.4 mm, same data as B and C: thoracic sternum and pleon. E, F,?Heikeopsis aff. japonica, China, seas off Qingdao, ZRC 2002.0491: habitus: E, ♂ 21.9 × 24 mm; F, ♀ 23.4 × 26.4 mm.
FIG. 25. — Paradorippinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 25. — Paradorippinae n. subfam. Paradorippe granulata (De Haan, 1841): A, C, E, ♂ 24.0 × 26.0 mm, China, Tuandao, off Quingdao, MNHN-IU-2016-10753. B, D, ♂ 23.6 × 27.3 mm, NE Taiwan, I-Lan county, ZRC 2001.0014; A, chelae; B, thoracic sternum and pleon; C, D, thoracic sternum without pleon, with G1, G2 and press-buttons; E, G1 and G2 in situ.
FIG. 27. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 27. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986, Philippines, Bohol Province, ZRC 2016.0240: A, ♂ 23.0 × 29.3 mm: habitus; B-D, ovigerous ♀ 25.2 × 33.2 mm; B, habitus; C, thoracic sternum with pleon, press-button; D, vulvae.
FIG. 18. — Dorippoidinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 18. — Dorippoidinae n. subfam.: A-C, Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785), ovigerous ♀ 20.3 × 26.2 mm, South China Sea, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.5347: A, thoracic sternum with pleon; B, without pleon, vulvae. C, ovigerous ♀ 21 × 25 mm, South China Sea, trawl, 37 m, Chen leg. 1987, MNHN-IU-2018-5195 (= MNHN-B18802). D-F, Dorippoides nudipes Manning & Holthuis 1986: D, ♂ 16.2 × 19.4 mm, Iran, ZRC 2017.1227; thoracic sternum with pleon; E, F, ♀ 21.6 × 29.5 mm, South Africa, vicinity of Tugela River mouth, ZRC 2009.0885: E, thoracic sternum with pleon; F, thoracic sternum without pleon; vulvae. See the spurlike process on P3 ischium of females on A, B.
FIG. 32 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 32. — Diversity of vulvae in the seven dorippid subfamilies (schematic drawings): A, Dorippinae n. stat. (Dorippe quadridens); B, Dorippoidinae n. subfam. (Dorippoides facchino); C, Medorippinae n. subfam. (Medorippe lanata); D-F, Heikeopsinae n. subfam.; D, Heikeopsis?japonica; E, Neodorippe callida; F, Nobilum histrio; G, Paradorippinae n. subfam. (Paradorippe cathayana); H, Philippidorippinae n. subfam. (Philippidorippe philippinensis); I, Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. (Phyllodorippe armata, ♀ 13.0 × 19.0 mm, Guinean Trawling Survey, MNHN-IU-2021-8731 [= MNHN-B24199]). Setae represented only on B. A-H, modified from Holthuis & Manning (1990).
FIG. 16. — Dorippoidinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 16. — Dorippoidinae n. subfam.: A, B, Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785): A, ♂ 25.3 × 32 mm, Malaysia, Johore, Pontian, ZRC 1991.66-72; B, ovigerous ♀ 20.3 × 26.2 mm, South China Sea, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.5347; C, D, Dorippoides nudipes Manning & Holthuis, 1986: C, ♂ 16.2 × 19.4 mm, Iran, ZRC 2017.1227; D, ♀ 21.6 × 29.5 mm, South Africa, vicinity of Tugela River mouth, ZRC 2009.0885.
FIG. 14. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 14. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.: A-G: Dorippe frascone (Herbst, 1785), Philippines, Panglao Island, ZRC 2008.0076: A-D, ♂ 29.7 × 31.0 mm, A, habitus; B, ventral view; C, thoracic sternum with pleon; D, G1; E-G, prepubertal ♀ 23.3 × 24.4 mm: E, habitus; F, ventral view; G, vulvae; H, I, Dorippe irrorata Manning & Holthuis, 1986, holotype, ♂ 21.5 × 22.0 mm, Andaman Sea, south of Mergui Archipelago, USNM 172495: H, habitus; I, ventral surface.
FIG. 13. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 13. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.. Dorippe sinica Chen, 1980: A, B, ♂ 36.2 × 39.5 mm, China, Guangdong, Nanao Island, ZRC 1999.0470: A, ventral view, thoracic sternum and pleon; B, thoracic sternum, G1 and G2; C, D, ♀ 34.8 × 38.9 mm, same data as A, B; C, thoracic sternum and pleon; D, thoracic sternum and vulvae.
FIG. 12. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 12. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.. Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793): A-D, ovigerous ♀ 38.1 × 33.7 mm, South China Sea, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.6307: A, habitus; B, anterior region, ventral view; C, thoracic sternum and pleon; D, vulvae. E, ovigerous ♀ 28.0 × 29.0 mm, NW Madagascar, Ambaro Bay, MNHN-IU-2018-5193 (= MNHN-B18279): thoracic sternum and vulvae.
FIG. 11. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 11. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.. Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793): A-C, ♂ 38.1 × 36.3 mm, China Sea near Singapore, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.6308. A, anterior region; B, thoracic sternum with pleon; C, thoracic sternum without pleon, G1. D, ♂ 16.6 × 17.0 mm, NW Madagascar, Ambaro Bay, MNHN-IU-2018-5193 (= MNHN-B18279): thoracic sternum without pleon, G1 and G2.
FIG. 31 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 31. — Diversity of G1s in the seven dorippid subfamilies (schematic drawings): A, Dorippinae n. stat. (Dorippe quadridens); B, Dorippoidinae n. subfam. (Dorippoides facchino); C, Medorippinae n. subfam. (Medorippe lanata); D-F, Heikeopsinae n. subfam.: D, Heikeopsis?japonica; E, Neodorippe callida; F, Nobilum histrio; G, Paradorippinae n. subfam. (Paradorippe cathayana); H, Philippidorippinae n. subfam. (Philippidorippe philippinensis); I, Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. (Phyllodorippe armata). (A-H, after Holthuis & Manning 1990; I, after Manning & Holthuis 1981). From Sin et al. (2009: fig. 4). Setae not always figured.
FIG. 29. — Phyllodorippinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 29. — Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. Phyllodorippe armata (Miers, 1881), Guinean Trawling Survey, ZRC 2009.0413 (ex MNHN-B24202). A, ♂ 12.3 × 16.2 mm, habitus; B-D, ovigerous ♀ 11.9 × 16.6 mm. B, habitus; C, thoracic sternum and pleon; D, thoracic sternum, vulvae and spine on sternite 8.
FIG. 39 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 39. — The ghost of Taira Tomomori along with the anchor he drowned with, and heikegani with faces of fallen soldiers, colour print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi illustrating the legend of the iconic 'samurai crab' known in Japan as 'heike-gani', a dorippid whose current scientific name is Heikeopsis japonica (von Siebold, 1824). It depicts the naval battle of Dan-no-ura in the Japanese Inland Sea in 1185 between the two clans Heike and Gengi. Members of the Heike clan and generals tie themselves to the anchor of the ship to sink to the bottom of the sea and to rejoin the drowned. The souls of deceased Heike warriors were passed on to the crabs, and their faces were etched forever on the carapaces of the crabs. In Japan, Heike-gani crabs are considered to be the reincarnations of the samurai who died at Dan-no-ura.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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