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828 results for “species trait”
Data for "Completing the speciation cycle: Ecological niches and traits predict local species coexistence in birds across the globe"
<p>These are files to replicate all analyses in our article:</p> <p>A data file in xlsx format.</p> <p>A phylogeny in nexus format.</p> <p>An R code for analyses.</p>
Host species traits rather than migration and molting strategies explain feather bacterial load in Palearctic passerines
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Data from: Testing the divergent adaptation of two congeneric tree species on a rainfall gradient using eco-physio-morphological traits
In tropical Africa, evidence of widely distributed genera transcending biomes or habitat boundaries has been reported. The evolutionary processes that allowed these lineages to disperse and adapt into new environments are far from being resolved. To better understand these processes, we propose an integrated approach, based on the eco-physio-morphological traits of two sister species with adjacent distributions along a rainfall gradient. We used wood anatomical traits, plant hydraulics (vulnerability to cavitation, wood volumetric water content and hydraulic capacitance) and growth data from the natural habitat, in a common garden, to compare species with known phylogeny, very similar morphologically, but occupying contrasting habitats: Erythrophleum ivorense (wet forest) and Erythrophleum suaveolens (moist forest and forest gallery). We identified some slight differences in wood anatomical traits between the two species associated with strong differences in hydraulics, growth, and overall species distribution. The moist forest species, E. suaveolens had narrower vessels and intervessel pits, and higher vessel cell-wall reinforcement than E. ivorense. These traits allow a high resistance to cavitation and a continuous internal water supply of the xylem during water shortage, allowing a higher fitness during drought periods, but limiting growth. Our results confirm a trade-off between drought tolerance and growth, controlled by subtle adaptations in wood traits, as a key mechanism leading to the niche partitioning between the two Erythrophleum species. The generality of this trade-off and its importance in the diversification of the African tree flora remains to be tested. Our integrated eco-physio-morpho approach could be the way forward.
Data from: A trait-based trade-off between growth and mortality: evidence from 15 tropical tree species using size-specific RGRs
A life-history trade-off between low mortality in the dark and rapid growth in the light is one of the most widely accepted mechanisms underlying plant ecological strategies in tropical forests. Differences in plant functional traits are thought to underlie these distinct ecological strategies; however, very few studies have shown relationships between functional traits and demographic rates within a functional group. We present 8 years of growth and mortality data from saplings of 15 species of Dipterocarpaceae planted into logged-over forest in Malaysian Borneo, and the relationships between these demographic rates and four key functional traits: wood density, specific leaf area (SLA), seed mass, and leaf C:N ratio. Species-specific differences in growth rates were separated from seedling size effects by fitting nonlinear mixed-effects models, to repeated measurements taken on individuals at multiple time points. Mortality data were analyzed using binary logistic regressions in a mixed-effects models framework. Growth increased and mortality decreased with increasing light availability. Species differed in both their growth and mortality rates, yet there was little evidence for a statistical interaction between species and light for either response. There was a positive relationship between growth rate and the predicted probability of mortality regardless of light environment, suggesting that this relationship may be driven by a general trade-off between traits that maximize growth and traits that minimize mortality, rather than through differential species responses to light. Our results indicate that wood density is an important trait that indicates both the ability of species to grow and resistance to mortality, but no other trait was correlated with either growth or mortality. Therefore, the growth mortality trade-off among species of dipterocarp appears to be general in being independent of species crossovers in performance in different light environments.
Data from: Does trait variation within broadly distributed species mirror patterns across species? A case study in Puerto Rico
Although populations are phenotypically diverse, the majority of trait-based studies have focused on examining differences among species. The justification for this broadly applied approach is based on the assumption that differences among species are always greater than within species. This is likely true for local communities, but species are often broadly distributed across a wide range of environments and patterns of intraspecific variation might surpass differences among species. Therefore, an appropriate interpretation of the functional diversity requires an assessment of patterns of trait variation across different ecological scales. In this study, we examine and characterize patterns of leaf trait variation for species that are broadly distributed along an elevational gradient. We focus on seven leaf traits that represent a main axis of functional differentiation in plants reflecting the balance between photosynthetic efficiency, display, and stomatal conductance. We evaluated patterns of trait variance across ecological scales (elevation, species, populations, and individuals) and examined trait covariance at both within species and across species levels, along the elevation gradient. Our results show three key patterns: (1) intraspecific leaf trait variation for broadly distributed species is comparable to the inter-specific trait variation, (2) the trait variance structure is highly variable across species and (3) trait coordination between pairs of leaf traits is evident across-species along the gradient, but not always within species. Combined, our results show that trait coordination and covariance are highly idiosyncratic across broadly distributed and co-occurring species, indicating that species may achieve similar functional roles even when exhibiting different phenotypes. This result challenges the traditional paradigm of functional ecology that assumes single trait values as optimal solutions for environments. In conclusion, patterns of trait variation both across and within species should be considered in future studies that assess trade-offs among traits over environmental gradients.
Data from: Integrating three comprehensive datasets shows that mitochondrial DNA variation is linked to species traits and paleogeographic events in European butterflies.
Understanding the dynamics of biodiversity, including the spatial distribution of genetic diversity, is critical for predicting responses to environmental changes, as well as for effective conservation measures. This task requires tracking changes in biodiversity at large spatial scales and correlating with species functional traits. We provide three comprehensive resources to understand the determinants for mitochondrial DNA differentiation represented by i) 15,609 COI sequences and ii) 14 traits belonging to 307 butterfly species occurring in Western-Central Europe and iii) the first multi-locus phylogenetic tree of all European butterfly species. By applying phylogenetic regressions we show that mitochondrial DNA spatial differentiation (as measured with Gst, G'st, D and Dst) is negatively correlated with species traits determining dispersal capability and colonization ability. Thanks to the high spatial resolution of the COI data, we also provide the first zoogeographic regionalization maps based on intraspecific genetic variation. The overall pattern obtained by averaging the spatial differentiation of all Western-Central European butterflies shows that the paradigm of long-term glacial isolation followed by rapid pulses of post-glacial expansion has been a pervasive phenomenon in European butterflies. The results and the extensive datasets we provide here constitute the basis for genetically-informed conservation plans for a charismatic group in a continent where flying insects are under alarming decline.
Data from: Movement ecology of Afrotropical birds: Functional traits provide complementary insights to species identity
Effects of anthropogenic activities on habitats and species communities and populations are complex and vary across species depending on their ecological traits. Movement ecology may provide important insights into species´ responses to habitat structures and quality. We investigated how movement behavior across a human-modified landscape depends on species identity and species traits, with particular focus on habitat specialization, feeding guilds and dispersal behavior. We tracked 34 individuals of nine Afrotropical bird species during three years in an anthropogenic riparian landscape of East Africa. We investigated whether species' functional traits predicted their habitat use and movement behavior better than species´ identities. Our results indicate that habitat specialists mainly occur in dense riparian thickets, while habitat generalists do occur in agricultural land. Home-ranges of omnivorous habitat generalists are larger than of frugivorous and insectivorous generalists and omnivorous and insectivorous specialists. Movement speed was highest in settlement areas for all species, with activity peaks during morning and afternoon for habitat specialists. Our results reveal that functional traits and species identity provide complementary insights into responses of organisms to habitat structures and habitat quality.
Data from: Species traits as drivers of food web structure
The use of functional traits to describe community structure is a promising approach to reveal generalities across organisms and ecosystems. Plant ecologists have demonstrated the importance of traits in explaining community structure, competitive interactions as well as ecosystem functioning. The application of trait-based methods to more complex communities such as food webs is however more challenging owing to the diversity of animal characteristics and of interactions. The objective of this study was to determine how functional structure is related to food web structure. We consider that food web structure is the result of 1) the match between consumer and resource traits, which determine the occurence of a trophic interaction between them, and 2) the distribution of functional traits in the community. We implemented a statistical approach to assess whether or not 35 466 pairwise interactions between soil organisms are constrained by trait-matching and then used a Procrustes analysis to investigate correlations between functional indices and network properties across 48 sites. We found that the occurrence of trophic interactions is well predicted by matching the traits of the resource with those of the consumer. Taxonomy and body mass of both species were the most important traits for the determination of an interaction. As a consequence, functional evenness and the variance of certain traits in the community were correlated to trophic complementarity between species, while trait identity, more than diversity, was related to network topology. The analysis was however limited by trait data availability, and a coarse resolution of certain taxonomic groups in our dataset. These limitations explain the importance of taxonomy, as well as the complexity of the statistical model needed. Our results outline the important implications of trait composition on ecological networks, opening promising avenues of research into the relationship between functional diversity and ecosystem functioning in multi-trophic systems.
Intraspecific functional trait structure of restoration-relevant species: implications for restoration seed sourcing
<ol> <li><span>Recent research has highlighted the existence of significant intraspecific trait variation within and among populations of plant species. This inherent variation within species means there is a wealth of trait diversity from which to source germplasm for use in ecological restoration. However, it remains unclear how to source materials from this pool of trait diversity in order to achieve desired outcomes and support ecosystem function in a restoration context.</span></li> <li> <span>We provide a framework to study the structure of trait variation across populations and genotypes in an effort to bridge functional trait research with the sourcing of native plant materials for restoration. We investigated the structure of intraspecific functional trait variation in three forb species used in restoration on the Colorado Plateau to (i) understand </span>the structure of functional trait variation within and among populations, and (ii) determine if individual and multivariate functional traits differ between populations while accounting for trait variation within and among genotypes.</li> <li><span>We found considerable functional trait variation at all sampling levels, with variation within populations often surpassing variation among populations. Still, we observed population-level differences in trait values in eight of the twelve species-by-trait combinations and populations largely segregated in multivariate trait space.</span></li> <li> <i><span>Synthesis and applications</span></i><span>. Using micropropagation techniques, we uncovered population-level differences in functional trait variation, suggesting that mixing populations to create restoration germplasm following a regional admixture provenancing approach could lead to increased functional diversity in restorations. However, the substantial trait variation identified within some populations of our study species also suggests a similar potential when utilizing genotypically diverse material from even a single population. Further research on these and other species is needed to understand the structure of intraspecific functional trait variation and how it impacts ecosystem function. The approach outlined in this study can assist researchers in assessing the underlying trait variation present in various restoration materials and provide managers with more detailed information that can help make germplasm sourcing decisions. </span> </li> </ol>
Experimental evidence that effects of megaherbivores on mesoherbivore space use are influenced by species' traits
<p>The extinction of 80% of megaherbivore (>1,000 kg) species towards the end of the Pleistocene altered vegetation structure, fire dynamics, and nutrient cycling worldwide. Ecologists have proposed (re)introducing megaherbivores or their ecological analogues to restore lost ecosystem functions and reinforce extant but declining megaherbivore populations. However, the effects of megaherbivores on smaller herbivores are poorly understood.</p> <p>We used long-term exclusion experiments and multispecies hierarchical models fitted to dung counts to test 1) the effect of megaherbivore (elephant and giraffe) presence-absence on the occurrence (dung presence) and use intensity (dung-pile density) of mesoherbivores (2–1,000 kg), and 2) the extent to which the responses of each mesoherbivore species was predictable based on their traits (diet and shoulder height) and phylogenetic relatedness.</p> <p>Megaherbivores increased the predicted occurrence and use intensity of zebras but reduced the occurrence and use intensity of several other mesoherbivore species. The negative effect of megaherbivores on mesoherbivore occurrence was stronger for shorter species, regardless of diet or relatedness.</p> <p>Megaherbivores substantially reduced the expected total use intensity (i.e., cumulative dung density of all species) of mesoherbivores, but only minimally reduced the expected species richness (i.e., cumulative predicted occurrence probabilities of all species) of mesoherbivores (by <1 species).</p> <p>Simulated extirpation of megaherbivores altered use intensity by mesoherbivores, which should be considered during (re)introductions of megaherbivores or their ecological proxies. Species' traits (in this case shoulder height) may be more reliable predictors of mesoherbivores' responses to megaherbivores than phylogenetic relatedness, and may be useful for predicting responses of data-limited species.</p>
Fourteen morphological traits of three Japanese species of Arisaema sect. Pistillata (Araceae)
<p>The <em>Arisaema serratum </em>group <em>sensu stricto </em>(Araceae) is a Japanese species complex characterized by a well-developed leaf rachis and long pseudostem. They were previously integrated into one species due to wide infraspecific variation, but were split into about 13 species again in recent monographs. In this group, <em>A. maekawae </em>and <em>A. pseudoangustatum </em>var. <em>pseudoangustatum </em>were recently divided from <em>A. angustatum </em>in the type localities (central Japan). A recent study found some sympatric populations of the three species in western Japan and distinguished them based on qualitative observation. However, there are no quantitative study to delimit the species boundaries objectively. The author collected this quantitative data set in these sympatric populations and found that principal component analysis with this data set can successfully delimit the species boundaries between the three sympatric species.</p>
A trait‐based approach predicting community assembly and dominance of microbial invasive species
<p>Understanding the mechanisms underlying community assembly helps to define success and susceptibility to biological invasions. A methodological approach to this aim is to use trait-based approaches. Under the hypothesis that the morphology-based functional groups (MBFG) clusters species with similar niche we analyse how trait-related differences in fitness influence the outcome of invasion. The invasive dinoflagellate <i>Ceratium furcoides</i> (CF) can be used as the model species considering its morphological (e.g. volume) and physiological traits (e.g. growth rates) comparing with species from the same (MBFG V) and different (MBFG VII: colonial cyanobacteria) MBFG. Here we present the information needed to apply this approach with similar or different questions including information from two aquatic environments from South America: the first one located in Argentina (Miní flood-plain Lake) and the second one in Uruguay (Salto Grande Reservoir). Phytoplankton morphological traits measured from field samples, along with richness, abundance, biovolume and environmental variables are presented. Phytoplankton individuals and species are classified in terms of MBFG and focus on the invasive species <i>Ceratium furcoides</i>. The literature derived information includes growth rates with temperature for phytoplankton species classified in MBFG V including <i>Ceratium furcoides</i>.</p>
Figure 9 in Two new species of asterocherid (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with a sponge from the Strait of Messina, Italy: taxonomic and ecological traits
Figure 9. Psilomyzon sarcotragusicola sp. nov.: adult male. (A) habitus dorsal; (B) first urosomal somite and genital somite; (C) leg 4; (D) detail of the second endopodal segment of leg 4.
Figure 8 in Two new species of asterocherid (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with a sponge from the Strait of Messina, Italy: taxonomic and ecological traits
Figure 8. Psilomyzon sarcotragusicola sp. nov.: adult female. (A) leg 1; (B) leg 2; (C) leg 3; (D) leg 4.
Figure 6 in Two new species of asterocherid (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with a sponge from the Strait of Messina, Italy: taxonomic and ecological traits
Figure 6. Psilomyzon laetitiae sp. nov.: adult male. (A) antennule; (B) detail of antennule segments 8–11; (C) leg 4; (D) detail of the second endopodal segment of leg 4.
Figure 2 in Two new species of asterocherid (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with a sponge from the Strait of Messina, Italy: taxonomic and ecological traits
Figure 2. Psilomyzon laetitiae sp. nov.: adult female. (A) habitus, dorsal; (B) antennule; (C) detail of antennule segments 8–11.
Figure 3 in Two new species of asterocherid (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with a sponge from the Strait of Messina, Italy: taxonomic and ecological traits
Figure 3. Psilomyzon laetitiae sp. nov.: adult female. (A) antenna; (B) mandible; (C) maxillule; (D) maxilla; (E) maxilliped.
Figure 1 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 1. Map of South America and location of the Lagoa do Peixe National Park (LPNP) and study sites sampled in southern Brazil in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 4 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 4. Sex ratio for Austrolebias minuano (A) and Cynopoecilus fulgens (B) sampling in temporary ponds of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil, in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 5 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 5. Length–weight relationship for Austrolebias minuano (A) and Cynopoecilus fulgens (B) sampled in temporary ponds of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil, in 2008 and 2009.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.