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1,133 results for “wetlands”

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zenodo36/100

Data from Comparing organic carbon bound to different minerals in wetland and upland soils

Here is the data and drawing code  for "comparing organic carbon bound to different minerals in wetland and upland soils". Mineral binding of organic carbon (OC) is vital for soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence. However, the relative importance of two main types of soil minerals - metal oxides and silicate clay - in SOC protection remains unclear, hampering our ability to predict and protect this important pool of persistent SOC. Here, using sequential dissolution by dithionite and hydrofluoric acid, we quantified OC bound to metal oxides versus silicate clay in soils from contrasting environments (i.e., wetlands and uplands).  We find that metal oxides override silicate clay in SOC protection in both wetlands and uplands, and OC bound to soil minerals (especially metal oxides) constitutes a higher fraction of SOC in wetlands than uplands, suggesting an underappreciated role of mineral protection in wetland SOC preservation. Furthermore, using lignin phenol analysis in tandem, we find that silicate clay dissolution may release an addition of ~23% lignin phenols from soils, potentially providing a means to assess ‘hidden’ lignin in mineral matrices. These findings highlight the important role of different soil minerals in the protection of SOC and its components in contrasting terrestrial environments, and advance our understanding of predicting and protecting this important pool of persistent SOC.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: First report of silicified wood from a late Pennsylvanian intramontane wetland of the Pyrenees: systematic affinities and paleoecological implications

The first anatomically preserved wood specimens of an upland Carboniferous flora from the Iberian Peninsula are reported from the Erillcastell Basin (Eastern Pyrenees, Catalonia, Spain). Two taxa are described, a calamitacean Equisetale (Arthropitys sp.) and a Cordaitale (Dadoxylon sp.). The Arthropitys specimen shows fusiform multiseriate rays composed of square parenchyma cells with conspicuous uniseriate or multiseriate simple pits. These pits are located near the transverse walls and occasionally in the tangential walls. The tracheids vary in lumen size, with scalariform-bordered pits on their radial walls and multiseriate pits in their cross-field areas. The Dadoxylon specimen commonly has uniseriate fusiform rays. The tracheids are long, with a square shape in transverse section. Their radial walls bear araucarian pitting with a uni- to triseriate arrangement. The pits are circular with a spindle-shaped aperture. Comparison of the Erillcastell specimens with coeval species from Europe indicates that they could belong to new species. The good preservation of the new fossil wood yields significant palaeoenvironmental information. The lack of marked growth rings in both specimens and the presence of tyloses in Dadoxylon suggest that the climate in the intramontane basins of the Pyrenees was slightly seasonal towards the end of the Carboniferous. This contrasts with the marked seasonality of coeval lowland basins. Such upland habitats may have enhanced the survival of plants adapted to humid conditions in a global context of increasing aridity.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Subsurface redox interactions regulate ebullitive methane flux in heterogeneous Mississippi River deltaic wetland

This dataset is model outputs archive from a model study about  'Subsurface redox interactions regulate ebullitive methane flux in heterogeneous Mississippi River deltaic wetland' (manuscript is Under Review). Plotting scripts are also included in this data file. There are four model results. 'Ebull' model output are ebullition flux, 'Jswi' model output are diffusion flux across soil-water interface, and 'Methane' files are porewater concentration results in each soil layers, and 'LtranR' model outputs for redox species exchange rates across different soil layers. The model source codes can be found at <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/8084441">https://zenodo.org/record/8084441</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/8087566">https://zenodo.org/record/8087566</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

A Multi-algorithm Approach for Modeling Coastal Wetland Eco-geomorphology

This dataset includes the input data for MACES to run simulations on three representative coastal wetland sites: two saltmarsh wetland (Venice Lagoon and Plum Island Estuary) and a mangrove wetland (Hunter Estuary).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Microbial activity contributes to spatial heterogeneity of wetland methane fluxes

The emission of methane from wetlands is spatially heterogeneous, as concurrently measured surface fluxes can vary by orders of magnitude within the span of a few meters. Despite extensive study and the climatic significance of these greenhouse gas emissions, it remains unclear what drives these large within-site variations, creating a knowledge-gap that impedes a mechanistic understanding of wetland fluxes. While geophysical variables including water table depth (WTD) and soil temperature are known to correlate with CH4 flux, measurable variance in these parameters declines as spatial and temporal scales become finer. Here, we leveraged depth-stratified gene abundance and gene expression measurements of methanogenesis and methanotrophy to investigate CH4 flux variance at an ombrotrophic peat bog. Our results show that the flux variance was strongly correlated to methanogen abundance and that peat depth also exerted significant control over CH4 flux, methanogen abundance, and the relationship between the two. Correlations between CH4 flux and either WTD or soil temperature were absent or minimal. These findings suggest that microbial factors likely underlie localized variance in wetland CH4 flux, and that a greater reliance on biological predictors could improve our ability to understand wetland methane fluxes at finer scales than is currently possible.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Database for Wetland area loss in Iran - status, trends, and understanding climate-wetland interactions

Wetlands have vital roles for biodiversity and ecosystem services to human societies, but wetland area is declining around the globe, including in Iran, which spans several climate zones (arid, semi-arid, dry, humid, humid) and has experienced large hydrological changes in recent decades. To facilitate the examination of wetland-climate change interactions, this study develops a new dataset for 136 natural wetland sites across Iran and its climate zones. The dataset includes physical characteristics, and societal sector uses of the wetlands, along with the wetland and climate changes that have occurred at each wetland site over 1992-2020. Application of the dataset to understanding the possible climate change role in driving wetland decline reveals that the area of Iranian wetlands has decreased by -36% over the country, by -61% and -50% in arid and semi-arid zones, respectively. At the scale of the whole country, the wetland decline is overall consistent with the climate change directions of temperature (warming) and precipitation (mainly decreasing). This dataset is a useful tool for further research to resolve main climatic and non-climatic driver-impact relationships for integrated catchment-wetland systems. The database is provided in an Excel (xsls) file, comprising and organized 30cloumns as follows: <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> Title </td> <td> Description </td> <td> </td> <td> Title </td> <td> Description </td> </tr> <tr> <td> ID </td> <td> Wetland ID number (as shown in Fig.1) </td> <td> </td> <td> Perimeter </td> <td> Maximum perimeter length of wetland (km) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Name (in Persian) </td> <td> Name of wetland in Persian </td> <td> </td> <td> Depth </td> <td> Maximum possible depth of wetland (m) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Name </td> <td> Name of wetland in English </td> <td> </td> <td> Regime </td> <td> Permanent, seasonal </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Ramsar </td> <td> 1=If wetland is on Ramsar Convention list, 0=If wetland is not on Ramsar Convention list. </td> <td> </td> <td> ΔAloc </td> <td> Area change (km2) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> X </td> <td> Longitude of wetland center </td> <td> </td> <td> Type (size) </td> <td> Classification of wetland size  based on area: small (<250 km2); medium (250-800 km2); large (>800 km2) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Y </td> <td> Latitude of wetland center </td> <td> </td> <td> Saline /Fresh </td> <td> 1= Saline water 0=Freshwater </td> </tr> <tr> <td> T </td> <td> Long-term temperature average for wetland site (°C) </td> <td> </td> <td>  Wetland water Sector usage </td> <td> Tourism </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> ΔTloc </td> <td> Change in average temperature (ΔT) at wetland site (°C) </td> <td> </td> <td> Agricultural </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Ploc </td> <td> Long term precipitation average for wetland (mm/yr) </td> <td> </td> <td> Fishery </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> ΔPloc </td> <td> Change in average precipitation (ΔP) at wetland site (mm/yr) </td> <td> </td> <td> Water supply </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> PET </td> <td> Potential evapotranspiration (mm/yr), calculated as: PET = 325+21×T+0.9×T2 </td> <td> </td> <td> Other </td> <td> Other water usage </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Aridity </td> <td> Long-term aridity index, calculated as: Aridity = P/PET </td> <td> </td> <td> Input water source </td> <td> River </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Climate zone </td> <td> Climate zone based on UNEP: arid (A.) if Aridity index 0.03 to <0.2; semi-arid (Sa.) if Aridity index 0.2 to <0.5; dry sub-humid (Dh.) if Aridity index 0.5 to <0.65; humid if the Aridity index >0.65 </td> <td> </td> <td> Spring </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> Precipitation </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Elevation </td> <td> Elevation (m above sea level) of wetland site </td> <td> </td> <td> Water output </td> <td> Out-River </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Area </td> <td> Maximum area of wetland (km2) </td> <td> </td> <td> Evaporation </td> <td> 1= If applicable, 0= If not </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Establishing peat-forming plant communities: A comparison of wetland reclamation methods in Alberta's oil sands region

The Sandhill Wetland (SW) and Nikanotee Fen (NF) are two wetland research projects designed to test the viability of peatland reclamation in the Alberta oil sands post-mining landscape. To identify effective approaches for establishing peat-forming vegetation in reclaimed wetlands, we evaluated how plant introduction approaches and water level gradients influence species distribution, plant community development, and establishment of bryophyte and peatland species richness and cover. Plant introduction approaches included seeding with a Carex aquatilis-dominated seed mix, planting C. aquatilis and J. balticus seedlings, and spreading a harvested moss layer transfer. Establishment was assessed six years after introduction at SW and five years after introduction at NF. A total of 51 species were introduced to the reclaimed wetlands, and 122 species were observed after five and six years. The most abundant species in both reclaimed wetlands was C. aquatilis, which produced dense canopies and occupied the largest water level range of observed plants. Introducing C. aquatilis also helped to exclude marsh plants such as Typha latifolia that has little to no peat accumulation potential. Juncus balticus persisted where the water table was lower and encouraged formation of a diverse peatland community and facilitated bryophyte establishment. Various bryophytes colonized suitable areas, but the moss layer transfer increased cover of desirable peat-forming mosses. Communities with the highest bryophyte and peatland species richness and cover (averaging 9 and 14 species, and 50% to 160% cover respectively) occurred where summer water level was between -10 and -40 cm. Outside this water level range, a marsh community of Typha latifolia dominated in standing water and a wet-meadow upland community of Calamagrostis canadensis and woody species established where the water table was deeper. Overall, the two wetland reclamation projects demonstrated that establishing peat-forming vascular plants and bryophytes is possible, and community formation is dependent upon water level and plant introduction approaches. Future projects should aim to create microtopography with water tables within 40 cm of the surface and introduce vascular plants such as J. balticus that facilitate bryophyte establishment and support development of a diverse peatland plant community.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for "Invertebrate Activities in Wetland Sediments Influence Oxygen and Nutrient Dynamics at the Sediment-Water Interface"

Code and data for a project looking at how bioturbation by two benthic invertebrate taxa influence oxygen and nutrient dynamics a coastal freshwater wetland along Lake Erie, located in Ohio, USA. Article is titled "Invertebrate Activities in Wetland Sediments Influence Oxygen and Nutrient Dynamics at the Sediment-Water Interface" and is published in Wetlands.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Climate change causes declines and greater extremes in wetland inundation in a region important for wetland birds

Wetland ecosystems are vital for maintaining global biodiversity, as they provide important stopover sites for many species of migrating wetland-associated birds. However, because weather determines their hydrologic cycles, wetlands are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Although changes in temperature and precipitation resulting from climate change are expected to reduce inundation of wetlands, few efforts have been made to quantify how these changes will influence availability of stopover sites for migratory wetland birds. Additionally, few studies have evaluated how climate change will influence inter-annual variability or the frequency of extremes in wetland availability. For spring and fall bird migration in 7 ecoregions in the south-central Great Plains of North America, we developed predictive models associating abundance of inundated wetlands with a suite of weather and landcover variables. We then used these models to generate predictions of wetland inundation at the end of the century (2069–2099) under future climate change scenarios. Climate models predicted the average number of inundated wetlands will likely decline during both spring and fall migration periods, with declines being greatest in the eastern ecoregions of the Great Plains. However, the magnitude of predicted declines varied considerably across climate models and ecoregions, with uncertainty among climate models being greatest in the High Plains ecoregion. Most ecoregions also were predicted to experience more-frequent extremely dry years (i.e., years with extremely low wetland abundances), but the projected change in inter-annual variability of wetland inundation was relatively small and varied across ecoregions and seasons. Because the south-central Great Plains represents an important link along the migratory routes of many wetland-dependent avian species, future declines in wetland inundation and more frequent periods of only a few wetlands being inundated. resulting in an uncertain future for migratory birds as they experience reduced availability of wetland stopover habitat across their migration pathways.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Using camera traps to estimate habitat preferences and occupancy patterns of vertebrates in boreal wetlands

Wetlands are a critical habitat for boreal mammals and birds that rely on them for breeding, foraging, and resting. However, wetlands in boreal regions are increasingly experiencing natural and human pressures. These impacts can lead to a reduction in the availability of wetland habitats for boreal mammals and birds that rely on wetlands for breeding, foraging, and resting. To inform management and conservation, camera traps provide an opportunity to survey mammals and birds to investigate their habitat preferences. We aimed to evaluate the effect of habitat features on the occupancy of mammals and birds in boreal wetlands. We used a multispecies occupancy model to estimate the habitat associations of 11 mammals and 45 avian species detected at 50 sampling ponds during the summers of 2018 and 2019 in Northern Quebec. Our results indicate that certain mammals, such as Red Fox and River Otters, and birds including the American Pipit, Common Raven, Hooded Merganser, and Greater Yellowlegs showed a preference for peatland ponds, whereas the Common Grackle preferred beaver ponds. We found few effects of distance to roads, and no effect of amount of forest cover on species occupancy. The occupancy of 27% of mammals and 24% of birds decreased with increasing latitude. These findings offer valuable insights for informing conservation initiatives focused on the preservation of wetlands in northern Quebec. By discerning the specific types of ponds preferred by each species, conservationists can strategically ensure the preservation and proper management of these habitats, thereby enhancing their conservation efforts.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Relationship of dredged canals and wetland loss in Louisiana

The direct effects of converting wetlands to open water by dredging can be magnified by indirect effects. For example, the dredged canal allows for recovery of mineral fluids 1000s of m belowground which may induce geological subsidence or faulting; dredged material deposited at the surface to form continuous levees may create hydrologic stressors on the wetland plants resulting in a conversion to open water habitat as a result of both soil waterlogging and drying, less organic matter and sediment accumulation, or greater erosion. We quantified indirect effects by demonstrating a robust dose-response relationship between coastal land loss and dredging canals in the Mississippi and Niger river deltas over 60 years. Importantly, the ratio of land loss to canal area increases with time – a legacy effect. We also found that flood protection levees on the main channel did not magnify the effect of dredging on wetland loss by inhibiting sediment flow into adjacent wetlands along its banks.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Wetland productivity determines trade-off between biodiversity and greenhouse gas production

The data consists of wetland nutrient, chlorophyll-a, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations, as well as emergence data of chironomid midges, and water temperatures. The data collection took place in 2021 in May, June, July, August and October, with simultaneous collection of chironomid emergence and water chemistry. We also calculated stoichiometric nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratios (N:P), as well as methane and nitrous oxide fluxes. The sampled chironomids were identified to genus level for all sampled months, apart from October, from which Shannon-Wiener taxonomic diversity was calculated. Additionally, genera were categorized into feeding groups based on literature and morphology from which functional feeding group Shannon-Wiener functional diversity was calculated.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Figure 4 in Reproduction, age and growth of Tilapia zillii (Cichlidae) in Oued Righ wetland (southeast Algeria)

Figure 4. – Length at first sexual maturity of T. zillii in females and males.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

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Figure 1 in Reproduction, age and growth of Tilapia zillii (Cichlidae) in Oued Righ wetland (southeast Algeria)

Figure 1. – Location of the study area (●).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

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