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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

MAP 1 in Systematics And Analysis Of The Radiation Of Orthotylini Plant Bugs Associated With Callitroid Conifers In Australia: Description Of Five New Genera And 32 New Species (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae)

MAP 1. Distribution of Avititerra and Blattakeraia species.

opencc-by-nd-4.0Dec 2011View details →

FIGURE 1 in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) On Plants Of The Central Region Of The Brazilian Cerrado

FIGURE 1: Location of study areas. 1 – Map of Brazil highlighting the region sampled. 2 – detailed map, with location of study points. Letters correspond to cities in the sampling areas: (A: Chapadªo do Sul-MS, B: Chapadªo do CØu-GO, C: Jataí-GO, D: Jataí-GO, E: Rio Verde-GO, F: Edealina-GO, G: Tupaciguara-MG, H: Brasília-DF, I: Unai, MG and J: Cristalina-GO).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2018View details →

Figure 3 Alhagi maurorum, plant with typical Aceria alhagi n in A new Aceria species (Acari:Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) from West Asia, a potential biological control agent for the invasive weed camelthorn, Alhagi maurorum Medik. (Leguminosae)

Figure 3 Alhagi maurorum, plant with typical Aceria alhagi n. sp. symptoms where the shoot tips

FIGURE 6 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors

FIGURE 6: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean air in one arm vs odours from clean rose plants in the other (a,c) and between clean rose plants in one arm vs odours from both Phytoseiulus persimilis and Tetranychus urticae in the other (b, d). The population of Phytoseiulus persimilis used had been exposed to rose plants with T. urticae for 24h (a – b) or during 6 months (c – d). P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 1 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors

FIGURE 1: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean air in one arm vs odours from clean plants in the other. a – rose plants; b –bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 3 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors

FIGURE 3: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean plants in one arm vs odours from plants infested with Tetranychus urticae in the other. a – rose plants; b – bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 5 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors

FIGURE 5: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Tetranychus urticae were offered a choice between odours from clean air in one arm vs odours from clean plants in the other. a – rose plants; b – bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 4 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors

FIGURE 4: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean rose plants in one arm vs odours from both Phytoseiulus persimilis and Tetranychus urticae in the other. a – rose plants; b – bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.

Pollinator-mediated indirect effects on plant fecundity revealed by network indices

Indirect effects arise when one species influences how another species interacts with a third. Pollinator-mediated indirect effects are widespread in many plant communities and are often not restricted to plant species pairs. An analytical framework does not exist yet that allows for the evaluation of indirect effects through shared pollinators in a community context, as well as their consequences for plant fitness. We used network indices describing pollinator sharing to assess the extent to which plant species affect and are affected by others in a pollination network from a species-rich dune community. For 23 plant species, we explore how these indices relate to plant fecundity (seeds/flower) over two years. We further linked plant traits and indices to uncover functional aspects of pollinator-mediated indirect interactions. Species frequently visited by shared pollinators showed higher fecundity and exhibited traits that increase pollinator attraction and generalization. Conversely, species whose shared pollinators frequently visited other plants had lower fecundity and had more specialized traits. Thus, pollinator sharing benefited some species while others suffered reproductive disadvantages, consistent with competition. The framework developed here uses network tools to advance our understanding of how pollinator-mediated indirect interactions influence a species' relative reproductive success at the community-level.

Variation in plant leaf traits affects transmission and detectability of herbivore vibrational cues

Many insects use plant-borne vibrations to obtain important information about their environment, such as where to find a mate or a prey, or when to avoid a predator. Plant species can differ in the way they vibrate, possibly affecting the reliability of information, and ultimately the decisions that are made by animals based on this information. We examined whether the production, transmission and possible perception of plant-borne vibrational cues is affected by variation in leaf traits. We recorded vibrations of 69 Spodoptera exigua caterpillars foraging on four plant species that differed widely in their leaf-traits (cabbage, beetroot, sunflower and corn). We carried out a transmission and an airborne noise absorption experiment to assess whether leaf traits influence amplitude and frequency characteristics, and background noise levels of vibrational-chewing cues. Our results reveal that species-specific leaf traits can influence transmission and potentially perception of herbivore-induced chewing vibrations. Experimentally-induced vibrations attenuated stronger on plants with thicker leaves. Amplitude and frequency characteristics of chewing vibrations measured near a chewing caterpillar were, however, not affected by leaf traits. Furthermore, we found a significant effect of leaf area, water content and leaf thickness - important plant traits against herbivory, on the vibrations induced by airborne noise. On larger leaves higher amplitude vibrations were induced, whereas on thicker leaves containing more water airborne noise induced higher peak frequencies. Our findings indicate that variation in leaf traits can be important for the transmission and possibly detection of vibrational cues.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Virtual Storage Plant (VSP) preliminary demonstration of Load Frequency Control (LFC)

This the dataset of preliminary demostration of using distributed control with consensus algorithm for utilizing a virtual storage plant for automatic load frequency control. The dataset contains raw data from 3 experiments (6 units in a VSP) for 5 scenarios: TC_5.02.01, TC_5.02.02, TC_5.02.03, TC_5.02.04, TC_5.02.05. The experiments were conducted at the University of Zagreb's Smart Grid Laboratory (SGLab).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Virtual Storage Plant (VSP) preliminary demonstration of active power control

This the dataset of preliminary demostration of using distributed control with consensus algorithm for dispatching a virtual storage plant. The dataset contains raw data from 4 experiments (3, 4, 5 and 6 units in a VSP) for 5 scenarios: TC_5.02.01, TC_5.02.02, TC_5.02.03, TC_5.02.04, TC_5.02.05. The experiments were conducted at the University of Zagreb's Smart Grid Laboratory (SGLab).

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Pollinator visits to six plant species in an oil palm landscape

Pollination sustains biodiversity and food security, but pollinators are threatened by habitat degradation, fragmentation and loss. Here we aimed to assess how remaining forests influence bee visits to flowers in an oil palm dominated landscape in Borneo, Indonesia. To do this, we observed pollinator visits to six plant species: four crops (Capsicum frutescens L. "chili"; Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai "watermelon"; Solanum lycopersicum L. "tomato"; and Solanum melongena L. "eggplant"); one native plant Melastoma malabathricum L. "melastome"; and the exotic Turnera subulata Smith "turnera". We made one local grid-based and one landscape scale transect-based study spanning to 208 m and 2,130 m from forest, respectively. We recorded a total of 1,535 pollinator visits to 4,831 flowers in 1,046 ten-minute observation periods, with bee visits making up 81.4% of these visits. We observed an overall mean of 0.23 and 0.34 bee visits per flower per ten-minute period for the grid-based and transect studies, respectively. C. lanatus had the highest observed visitation frequency (0.62 visits per flower per ten-minute period) while S. lycopersicum had no observed visits. The dataset includes raw data collected in the field from 22 July – 29 October 2017.

An interpolated biogeographic framework for tropical Africa using plant species distributions and the physical environment

Aim: Existing phytogeographic frameworks for tropical Africa lack either spatial completeness, unit definitions smaller than the regional scale, or a quantitative approach. We investigate whether physical environmental variables can be used to interpolate floristically defined vegetation units, presenting an interpolated, hierarchical, quantitative phytogeographic framework for tropical Africa, which is compared to previously defined regions. Location: Tropical mainland Africa 24°N to 24°S. Taxon: 31,046 vascular plant species and infraspecific taxa. Methods: We calculate a betasim dissimilarity matrix from a comprehensive whole-flora database of plant species distributions. We investigate environmental correlates of floristic turnover with local non-metric multidimensional scaling. We derive a hierarchical biogeographic framework by clustering the dissimilarity matrix. The framework is modelled using a classification decision tree method and 12 physical environmental variables to interpolate and downscale the framework across the study region. Results: Floristic turnover is related strongly to water availability and temperature, with smaller contributions from land cover, topographic ruggedness and lithology. Region can be predicted with 90% accuracy by the model. We define 19 regions and 99 districts. We find a novel arrangement of the arid regions. Regional subdivision within the savanna biome is supported with minor variation to borders. Within the forests of west and central Africa, our whole-flora gridded regionalisation supports the divisions identified by a previous analysis of trees only. Main conclusions: Physical environmental variables can be used to predict floristically defined vegetation units with very high accuracy, and the approach could be pursued for other inc ompletely sampled taxa and areas outside of tropical Africa. Geographic coherence is higher than in previous quantitative phytoregional definitions. For most tropical African vascular plant species, we provide predictions of which species will occur within each mapped district and region of tropical Africa. The framework should be useful for future studies in ecology, evolution and conservation.

Extreme drought reduces climatic disequilibrium in dryland plant communities

High rates of climate change are currently exceeding many plant species' capacity to keep up with climate, leading to mismatches between climatic conditions and climatic preferences of the species present in a community. This disequilibrium between climate and community composition could diminish, however, when critical climate thresholds are exceeded, due to population declines or losses among the more mismatched species. Here, we assessed the effect of an extreme drought event on rich semiarid shrubland communities in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Using a community climate framework, we compared the community climatic disequilibrium before and after the drought episode on three study sites with different levels of precipitation. Disequilibrium was estimated as the difference between observed reference climate and community-inferred climate, calculated as the mean climatic optimum for the species present, weighted by their abundances. We found that extreme drought embedded within a decadal trend of increasing aridity led to a significant reduction in community climatic disequilibrium, and that this reduction was positively related to water deficit (low P/PET values). In contrast, microhabitat variables such as vegetation cover or slope, did not emerge as significant predictors of changes in community climatic disequilibrium. Our study highlights that extreme drought events pushing communities in the same direction as climate trends may decrease community climatic mismatch, leading to communities more adapted to aridity through loss of drought-sensitive species. These findings underscore that extreme events will play a crucial role in speeding up climate-induced community transformations and biodiversity losses.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data for: Plant diversity effects on herbivory are related to soil biodiversity and plant chemistry

Insect herbivory is a key process in ecosystem functioning. While theory predicts that plant diversity modulates herbivory, the mechanistic links remain unclear. We postulated that the plant metabolome mechanistically links plant diversity and herbivory. In late summer and in spring, we assessed individual plant aboveground herbivory rates and metabolomes of seven plant species in experimental plant communities varying in plant species diversity and resource acquisition strategies. In the same communities, we also measured plant individual biomass as well as soil microbial and nematode community composition. Herbivory rates decreased with increasing plant species richness. Path modelling revealed that plant species richness and community resource acquisition strategy correlated with soil community composition. In particular, changes in nematode community composition were related to plant metabolome composition and thereby herbivory rates. These results suggest that soil community composition plays an important role in reducing herbivory rates with increasing plant diversity by changing plant metabolomes.

Rapid divergent evolution of an annual plant across a latitudinal gradient revealed by seed resurrection

Global change is expected to drive short-term evolution of natural populations. However, it remains unclear whether different populations are changing in unison. Here, we study contemporary evolution of growth-related and reproductive traits of three populations of Cyanus segetum face to warming and pollinator decline across a latitudinal gradient in France. We resurrected stored seeds sampled up to 24 years apart from northern, central-western, and southern populations and conducted an in situ common-garden experiment. To disentangle neutral from selection-driven differentiation, we calculated neutral genetic differentiation (FST) and quantitative trait differentiation (QST) between temporal samples. We found that phenotypic evolution was divergent across populations exhibiting different trends for rosette size, date of flowering, and capitula size. By measuring seed set as a proxy of fitness, we showed that samples with larger mean capitula size outperformed samples with smaller mean capitula size in the western and southern populations. Regression of traits on seed set showed that flowering date and capitula size are the primary determinants of fitness, and QST-FST comparisons indicated that natural selection has likely contributed to the shifts in flowering phenology and rosette size. These findings outline the potential for rescue of natural populations through contemporary evolution and emphasize the complex interplay between spatial and temporal variation in species' responses to global change.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Dominant plant species in different growth form categories in various ecosystem types

The table contains a list of vegetation parameter values of dominant plant species in different growth form categories in various ecosystem types based on their importance value indices (IVI) (max. IVI for tree and pole category = 300; max. IVI for sapling and seedling category = 200) in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (BBNP) and Hasanuddin University Educational Forest (HUEF), South Sulawesi.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Plant species as the bear cuscus diet based on information from local guides

The table contains information about the plant species as the bear cuscus diet in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (BBNP) and Hasanuddin University Educational Forest (HUEF), South Sulawesi based on information from the local guides, as well as the parts of plants eaten.