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FIGURE 4. G. s p e l a e u s n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 4. G. s p e l a e u s n. sp., A–D paratype male (ZFMK Myr0936), E paratype female (ISLA 3838) SEM. A: leg pairs 4–7 with latero-tergites; B: coxosternite 6 with stigma opening; C: coxal pouch 7; D: midbody latero-tergite of male; E: endbody latero-tergite female. Abbreviations: cp = coxal pouch; Cx-St = coxosternite; F = femur; LT = latero-tergite; poF = postfemur; prF = prefemur; st = stigma; Ta = tarsus; Ti = Tibia; numbers refer to leg pair number. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 80 µm; C = 30 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 3. G. s p e l a e u s n in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 3. G. s p e l a e u s n. sp., paratype female (ISLA 3837), SEM. A: midbody segment, anterior (oral) view; B: coxosternites and prefemur of 2nd leg with ovipositor, posterior view; C: head, ventral view; D: right organ of Tömösváry, lateral view; E: head, dorsal view; F: antenna, antennomere 7 and disc, lateral view; G: gnathochilarium, underside. Abbreviations: C&P = tarsal claw and paranychium; Ca = cardines of gnathochilarium; Ca1 = cardo, basal mandible joint 1; Ca2? = either cardo (joint 1) or stipites (joint 2) of mandible; cP = central pads, modified central palpi; Cx-St = coxosternite; F = femur; Gn = gnathochilarium; iP = inner palpi; La = labrum; LL = lamella linguales; LP = lateral palpi; LT = latero-tergite; Me = mentum; O = ovipositor; Pl = plate covering organ of TO; poF = postfemur; prF = prefemur; St = stipes of gnathochilarium; sc = apical cones; St? = sternite?; T = tergite; Ta = tarsus; Ti = Tibia; TO = organ of Tömösváry; roman numerals refer to number of antennomeres. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 200 µm; D = 20 µm; E = 200 µm; F = 20 µm; G = 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Glomeridesmus spelaeus n. sp.. Stars and SL # refer to caves. Specimens were found yearround in SL31 (type locality), in the other caves only during wet season.

FIGURE 2 in The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)

FIGURE 2. Glomeridesmus spelaeus, living specimens. First published pictures of living Glomeridesmida. arrows point to eggs and and intestine. Note the large eggs. Intestine not straight tube but folded.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →

FIGURE 1 in A Mid Cretaceous representative of the modern scatopsid genus Ectaetia (Diptera: Scatopsidae: Ectaetiinae)

FIGURE 1. Microphotographs of Ectaetia capdoliensis sp. n., holotype IGR.CDL-7, in Cretaceous French amber. A. Habitus (PL: prothoracic leg; mL: mesothoracic leg; ML: metathoracic leg); B. Detail of head; C. Wing with venation nomenclature; D. Inner side of right metatibia and metatarsi. Scale bars represent 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 3 in An advanced, new long-legged bird from the Early Cretaceous of the Jehol Group (northeastern China): insights into the temporal divergence of modern birds

FIGURE 3. Details of the skull of Gansus zheni. A. Holotype BMNHC—Ph 1342 showing teeth in dentary. B. BMNHC-Ph 1318. Abbreviations: af—antorbital fenestra, d—dentary, pm—premaxilla, q—quadrate.

FIGURE 2 in An advanced, new long-legged bird from the Early Cretaceous of the Jehol Group (northeastern China): insights into the temporal divergence of modern birds

FIGURE 2. Photograph and line drawing of a referred specimen (BMNHC—Ph 1318) of Gansus zheni. Abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

FIGURE 1 in An advanced, new long-legged bird from the Early Cretaceous of the Jehol Group (northeastern China): insights into the temporal divergence of modern birds

FIGURE 1. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the holotype of Gansus zheni (BMNHC—Ph 1342). Abbreviations: co—coracoid, cv—cervical vertebrae, fem—femur, fi—fibula, fu—furcula, g—gastroliths, h—humerus, pu—pubis, r—radius, sc—scapula, st—sternum, ti—tibiotarsus, tmt—tarsometatarsus, u—ulna; roman numerals refer to the manual and pedal digits.

FIGURE 6 in An advanced, new long-legged bird from the Early Cretaceous of the Jehol Group (northeastern China): insights into the temporal divergence of modern birds

FIGURE 6. Details of thoracic region of Gansus zheni showing gastroliths in BMNHC—Ph 1318 (A) and BMNHC—Ph 1342 (B). Abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Supplementary Data - Haplotype-based inference of recent effective population size in modern and ancient DNA samples

This repository contains the simulated data analyzed in our manuscript titled "Haplotype-based Inference of Recent Effective Population Size in Modern and Ancient DNA Samples".The data is split into 7 datasets. - demographies.tar.gz: the simulated demographic models. - modern_data.tar.gz: simulated SNP-araray data. The genotypes were simulated under 4 demographic histories (see demographies.tar.gz) for 256 samples and under 10 different random seeds (Replicate 1-10). Additionally, Replicates 11 and 12 include simulations at larger sample sizes. Note that the results at lower sample sizes can be obtained by keeping the first N samples of the simulated files. - true_ibd.tar.gz : This dataset contains the IBD segments from the simulated modern_data (ground truth from ARGON simulator). - ancient_data.tar.gz dataset contains simulated aDNA data. The dataset contains data simulated at different coverages (MISSING_$M, where $M = exp(-coverage)), sample sizes, demographic models, and random seeds. Split into three parts. See below for instructions on how to reconstruct the dataset.  - structure.tar.gz and admixture.tar.gz : contain the data simulated under more complex demographic histories involving 2 isolated populations (structure) or a single population undergoing a recent admixture event (admixtuer.tar.gz). The manuscript provides more details about the demographic histories. - imputed.tar.gz dataset contains simulated imputed aDNA data. Each region was simulated independently. Each folder corresponds to a chromosome arm and contains:     - data.anc_array.npy: list of the SNPs included in the analysis (simulating a 1240k array)     - data.glimpse.vcf.gz: phased ancient population data as phased by GLIMPSE v1     - data.glimpse.vcf.gz.csi: index for the above VCF file     - data.imputed.vcf.gz: imputed ancient population data (unphased, including dosages and genotype posteriors)     - data.imputed.vcf.gz.csi: index file for the above VCF     - data.map.gz: genetic map for GLIMPSE (tab-separated format: pos chr cM)     - data.ref.tsv.gz: file used for calculating genotype likelihoods with BCFtools mpileup command to use as input for GLIMPSE (format: chromosome position ref_allele,alt_allele)     - data.ref.tsv.gz.tbi: index for the above file     - data.ref.vcf.gz: simulated sequencing data from the reference panel     - data.ref.vcf.gz.csi: index file for the above VCF     - data.target_ground_truth.vcf.gz: simulated sequencing data for the ancient population (ground truth)     - datalist.txt: list of genotype likelihood files for each target individual (to be used for merging into a single file)     - data.temp.map.gz: genetic map for data creation with msprime simulator (format: chr  position  rate(cM/Mb) cM)     - data.tree -> msprime simulator output containing all samples, both reference panel samples and ancient population samples     - data.vcf.gz: VCF containing ground truth sequencing data, phased genotypes for reference panel samples and for ancient population samples     - dataref.fa.fai: index for reference fasta file used during reads creation Note that some of the datasets have been split into multiple parts, for example admixed.tar.gz  has been split into three different parts admixed.tar.gz-part-aa, admixed.tar.gz-part-ab, and admixed.tar.gz-part-ac You can get the data by typing:cat admixed.tar.gz.part-* > admixed.tar.gz

opennotspecifiedAug 2012View details →

FIGURE 3. Rhysotoechia welzeniana W.N.Takeuchi. A in Modern sequels to the Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss itinerary of Carl Ledermann: Rhysotoechia welzeniana sp. nov. (Sapindaceae), a remarkable species from the upper Sepik of Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 3. Rhysotoechia welzeniana W.N.Takeuchi. A, pistillate plant with anthetic inflorescence; B, infructescence (fruit rotting); C, pistillate flowers, style exserted; D, staminate flowers (after drying), stamens exserted. A–C from Takeuchi et al. 26240 (paratype), D from Takeuchi et al. 26239 (type).

Figure 8 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 8. Reconstructions of the clypeus shape and meso- and metathoracic morphology of the Early Cretaceous hydrophilid genera known in adult stage (three-dimensional structure of the mesoventrite not reconstructed). Alegorius gen. nov. (A, B); Cretoxenus gen. nov. (C, D); Hydroyixia gen. nov. (E, F). Head and thorax of the respective genus not to scale.

Figure 7 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 7. Hydrophilid fossils from Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, China. Alegorius yixianus sp. nov.: holotype CNU 2009079, whole specimen (A), detail of meso- and metaventrite (B), detail of abdominal apex (C); paratype CNU 2009078, whole specimen (D), detail of mesoventrite (E). Hydroyixia elongata sp. nov.: paratype CNU 2009075, detail of head and pronotum (F), whole specimen (G); holotype CNU 2010005: whole beetle, piece and counterpiece (H, I), detail of head (J), detail of meso- and metaventrite (K), detail of abdominal apex (L). Hydroyixia latissima sp. nov.: holotype CNU 2009074, detail of abdominal apex (M), whole specimen in dry condition (N) and under alcohol (O). Abbreviations: apls, anapleural suture; abem, apical emargination of abdominal ventrite 5.

Figure 9 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 9. Known distribution of the Hydrophilidae in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. 1, Solnhofen, Germany; 2, Talbragar, Australia; 3, Baissa, Russia; 4, Yixian Formation, China; 5, Koonwarra, Australia.

Figure 4 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 4. Results of the phylogenetic analyses of the position of Baissalarva hydrobioides. Unconstrained analysis, strict consensus of seven most-parsimonious trees of 207 steps (A); single most parsimonious tree of length 240 steps resulting from the constrained analysis (B).

Figure 6 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 6. Fossil and recent representatives of the Hydrobiusini and Hydrophilini. Baissalarva hydrobioides sp. nov.: holotype PIN 3063/6975, anterior part of the piece (A), detail of the head of the piece (B), detail of the head of the counterpiece (C); paratype PIN 3063/6977 (D). Larva of extant Limnoxenus niger (Hydrobiusini): whole larva in dorsal view (E), detail of head (G). Larva of extant Sternolophus rufipes (Hydrophilini): whole larva in dorsal view (F), detail of head (H). Holotype of Cretoxenus australis sp. nov. NMVP 103312, piece and counterpiece (I, J). Extant hydrobiusine Limnoxenus zealandicus in ventral view, whole beetle (K) and detail of meso- and metaventrite (L). Abbreviations: md, mandible; mtvpr, metaventral process.

Figure 3 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 3. Early Cretaceous representatives of the Hydrobiusini. Cretoxenus australis gen. nov., sp. nov., Koonwarra, Australia, NMVP 103312, piece and counterpiece (A, B). Baissalarva hydrobioides gen. nov., sp. nov. from Baissa, Russia: paratype PIN 3063/6977 (C); holotype PIN 3063/6975: piece, detail of the head (D), counterpiece, detail of the head (E), whole specimen, counterpiece (F). Abbreviations: absc, abdominal dorsal sclerite; absc4, absc7, abdominal dorsal sclerite of segment 4 or 7; aes3, metanepisternum; apls, anapleural suture; cersc, cervical sclerite; dpl8, dorsal plate on abdominal segment 8; epl, epistomal lobe; md, mandible; men, mentum; mssc, mesoscutum; mstr1, mesotarsomere 1; msv, mesoventrite; mxp, maxillary palpus; mtsc, metascutum; ns, nasale; occf, occipital foramen; pros, prosternum; sbm, submentum; scsh, scutellar shield; sstr, sutural stria; ttr, tracheal trunk.

Figure 2 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 2. Alegorius yixianus gen. nov., sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation, China. Holotype, CNU 2009079 (A); paratype, CNU 2009078 (B). Abbreviations: abem, apical emargination of abdominal ventrite 5; aes3, metanepisternum; bst, maxillary basistipes; fmtta, free metatibial anterobasal angle; lb, labrum; men, mentum; mstr1, mesotarsomere 1; msv, mesoventrite; pros, prosternum; sstr, sutural stria; tf, transverse fold of prothorax.

Figure 1 in Modern hydrophilid clades present and widespread in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrophilidae)

Figure 1. Late Jurassic fossils of the Hydrophilidae. Protochares brevipalpis gen. nov., sp. nov., AMF109568, Talbragar, Australia (A, B, F); 'Mesosperchus' schultzi Ponomarenko, 1985, NHMW 1985/20, Solnhofen, Germany: whole specimen (C, G–H), details of the head of the piece using different lighting (D–E). Abbreviations: aes3, metanepisternum; fcs, frontoclypeal suture; gs, gular suture; mttr1, metatarsomere 1; mxp, maxillary palpus; prospr, prosternal process; scstr, scutellar stria; sstr, sutural stria.