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713 results for “Pygmis”
Figure 5 from: Skejo J, Connors M, Hendriksen M, Lambert N, Chong G, McMaster I, Monaghan N, Rentz D, Richter R, Rose K, Franjević D (2020) Online social media tells a story of Anaselina, Paraselina, and Selivinga (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae), rare Australian pygmy grasshoppers. ZooKeys 948: 107-119. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.52910
Figure 5 The Tribulation helmed groundhopper, Selivinga tribulata, Living specimens in natural habitat. A Female from Kuranda (David Rentz) B male from Kuranda (David Rentz), male from Tully Range (Matthew Connors) D nymph from Redlynch (Matthew Connors) E, G a male from Kingfisher park (Nick Monaghan) F female from Speewah (Matthew Connors).
Figure 4 from: Skejo J, Connors M, Hendriksen M, Lambert N, Chong G, McMaster I, Monaghan N, Rentz D, Richter R, Rose K, Franjević D (2020) Online social media tells a story of Anaselina, Paraselina, and Selivinga (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae), rare Australian pygmy grasshoppers. ZooKeys 948: 107-119. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.52910
Figure 4 The Triple-bump Australian barkhopper, Paraselina trituberculata (Sjöstedt, 1932), a male in his habitat in Wilsons Creek (Kathy Rose).
Figure 1 from: Skejo J, Connors M, Hendriksen M, Lambert N, Chong G, McMaster I, Monaghan N, Rentz D, Richter R, Rose K, Franjević D (2020) Online social media tells a story of Anaselina, Paraselina, and Selivinga (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae), rare Australian pygmy grasshoppers. ZooKeys 948: 107-119. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.52910
Figure 1 Updated distribution map of the Australian pygmy grasshoppers – Anaselina minor, Paraselina brunneri, P. trituberculata, and Selivinga tribulata. Each species is represented by its unique symbol, the silhouette of the species pronotum. The small map of Australia shows two regions inhabited by the barkhoppers.
Predation risk in relation to brain size in alternative prey of pygmy owls varies depending on the abundance of main prey
Large brains in prey may allow adoption of anti-predator behavior that facilitates escape. Prey species with relatively large brains have been shown to be less likely to fall prey to predators. This leads to the hypothesis that individuals that have been captured by predators on average should have smaller brains than sympatric individuals. We exploited the fact that Eurasian pygmy owls Glaucidium passerinum hoard small mammals and birds in cavities and nest-boxes for over-winter survival, allowing for comparison of the phenotype of prey with that of live conspecifics. In Northern Europe, main prey of pygmy owls are voles of the genera Myodes and Microtus , while forest birds and shrews are the most important alternative prey. Large fluctuations (amplitude 100-200-fold) in vole populations induce rapid numerical responses of pygmy owls in response to main prey populations, which in turn results in varying predation pressure on small birds. We found, weighed and measured 153 birds in food-stores of pygmy owls and mist-netted, weighed and measured 333 live birds of 12 species in central-western Finland during two autumns with low (2017) and high (2018) pygmy owl risk. In two autumns, individuals with large brains survived longer compared to individuals with small brains. Avian prey of pygmy owls had smaller heads than live birds in autumn 2018 when predation risk by pygmy owl was high, while a similar difference was not significant in 2017 when predation risk by pygmy owls was reduced. Finally, avian survivors were in better body condition than avian prey individuals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that pygmy owls differentially prey on small birds that are in poor body condition and have small brains, and that predation risk imposed by pygmy owls on small birds in boreal forests varies depending on the abundance of the main prey (voles).
Fig 2 from: Mohagan AB, Patano Jr. RR, Acola MS, Amper DO, Coritico FP, Amoroso VB (2020) Presence of the four-spined pygmy devil, Arulenus validispinus (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), confirmed in Bukidnon region on the island of Mindanao, Philippines. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(2): 133-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.53718
Fig 2 Habitus of the four-spined pygmy devil, Arulenus validispinus Stål, 1877, a male from Bukidnon (Mt. Pantaron) in A. dorsal and B. lateral view.
Fig 1 from: Mohagan AB, Patano Jr. RR, Acola MS, Amper DO, Coritico FP, Amoroso VB (2020) Presence of the four-spined pygmy devil, Arulenus validispinus (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), confirmed in Bukidnon region on the island of Mindanao, Philippines. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(2): 133-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.53718
Fig 1 Map of A. the Philippines and B. Mindanao showing the known distribution of A. validispinus in C. Mt. Pantaron, Sitio Miaray, Barangay Mandahican, Cabanglasan where the specimens were collected (red circles) and in Lanao region based on a specimen from eBay (blue triangle).
Fig 3 from: Mohagan AB, Patano Jr. RR, Acola MS, Amper DO, Coritico FP, Amoroso VB (2020) Presence of the four-spined pygmy devil, Arulenus validispinus (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), confirmed in Bukidnon region on the island of Mindanao, Philippines. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(2): 133-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.53718
Fig 3 Habitat of the four-spined pygmy devil, Arulenus validispinus Stål, 1877, in A. lower and B. upper lowland dipterocarp rainforest of Mt. Pantaron (about 1,004 masl).
Data from: XY females do better than the XX in the African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides
All therian mammals have a similar XY/XX sex determination system except for a dozen species. The African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides, harbors an unconventional system in which all males are XY, and there are three types of females: the usual XX but also XX* and X*Y ones (the asterisk designates a sex reversal mutation on the X chromosome). The long-term evolution of such a system is a paradox, since X*Y females are expected to face high reproductive costs (e.g. meiotic disruption and loss of unviable YY embryos), which should prevent invasion and maintenance of a sex-reversal mutation. Hence, mechanisms for compensating for the costs could have evolved in M. minutoides. Data gathered from our laboratory colony revealed that X*Y females do compensate and even show enhanced reproductive performance in comparison to the XX and XX*; they produce significantly more offspring due to (i) a higher probability of breeding, (ii) an earlier first litter, and (iii) a larger litter size, linked to (iv) a greater ovulation rate. These findings confirm that rare conditions are needed for an atypical sex determination mechanism to evolve in mammals, and provide valuable insight into understanding modifications of systems with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
Data from: Polygyny without wealth: popularity in gift games predicts polygyny in BaYaka Pygmies
The occurrence of polygynous marriage in hunter–gatherer societies, which do not accumulate wealth, remains largely unexplored since resource availability is dependent on male hunting capacity and limited by the lack of storage. Hunter–gatherer societies offer the greatest insight in to human evolution since they represent the majority of our species' evolutionary history. In order to elucidate the evolution of hunter–gatherer polygyny, we study marriage patterns of BaYaka Pygmies. We investigate (i) rates of polygyny among BaYaka hunter–gatherers; (ii) whether polygyny confers a fitness benefit to BaYaka men; (iii) in the absence of wealth inequalities, what are the alternative explanations for polygyny among the BaYaka. To understand the latter, we explore differences in phenotypic quality (height and strength), and social capital (popularity in gift games). We find polygynous men have increased reproductive fitness; and that social capital and popularity but not phenotypic quality might have been important mechanisms by which some male hunter–gatherers sustained polygynous marriages before the onset of agriculture and wealth accumulation.
Supplementary material 2 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Table S1
Figure 3 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 3 Analysis of allometric variation in 273 females of Tetrix bipunctata and kraussi. Scatterplot of isosize against first shape PC.
Supplementary material 3 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure S2
Figure 7 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 7 Altitudinal distribution (mean ± SD) of 286 populations of Tetrix bipunctata (green) and kraussi (orange) segmented for five Central European countries and eight Federal States in Germany. Regions are grouped along the north-south axis, NL = The Netherlands, DE = Germany: DEMV = Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, DEBB = Brandenburg, DEST = Sachsen-Anhalt, DESN = Sachsen, DETH = Thüringen, DEHE = Hessen, DEBW = Baden-Württemberg, DEBY = Bayern, AT = Austria, CH = Switzerland, IT = Italy, SL = Slovenia.
Figure 9 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 9 Vegetation cover in percent (mean ± SD) at spots of 10 cm diameter with records of adult Tetrix bipunctata and kraussi at the syntopic population at Theisa, southern Brandenburg.
Figure 5 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 5 Scatterplots of isosize against body ratios of 273 females of Tetrix bipunctata and kraussi, showing the position of intermediate specimens A isosize against ratio of hind wing length to mid-femur length, the best ratio for separation of morphs B isosize against ratio of hind wing length to tegmen length, the standard ratio for discrimination (see Fig. 4). The 11 specimens considered by Nadig (1991) as "Zwischenformen" marked by black triangles.
Figure 2 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 2 Shape principal component analysis (shape PCA) of 273 females of Tetrix bipunctata and kraussiA analysis including 17 variables, scatterplot of first against second shape PC; in parentheses the variance explained by each shape PC BPCA ratio spectrum for first shape PC CPCA ratio spectrum for second shape PC. Horizontal bars in the ratio spectra represent 68% bootstrap confidence intervals, based on 1000 replicates; only the most important characters are indicated in ratio spectra.
Figure 4 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 4 Boxplots of body ratios of 273 females of Tetrix bipunctata and kraussiA hind wing length to mid-femur length, the ratio selected by the LDA ratio extractor as the best ratio for separating the morphs B hind wing length to tegmen length, the standard ratio used for discrimination C tegmen length to hind femur length, the second best ratio found by the LDA ratio extractor (actually the best ratio when hind wing length is omitted). Means in all plots significantly different (ANOVA, p < 0.001).
Figure 8 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 8 Characteristic microhabitats of Tetrix bipunctata (left) and kraussi (right) at the syntopic population at Theisa, southern Brandenburg.
Figure 10 from: Moser V, Baur H, Lehmann AW, Lehmann GUC (2021) Two species? – Limits of the species concepts in the pygmy grasshoppers of the Tetrix bipunctata complex (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). ZooKeys 1043: 33-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.68316
Figure 10 Vegetation height (mean ± SD) at spots of 10 cm diameter with records of adult Tetrix bipunctata and kraussi at the syntopic population at Theisa, southern Brandenburg.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.