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Fig. 1 in Comportamento germinativo das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae)

Fig. 1. Germinação das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen. Letras indicam comparação entre tempos de embebição dentro da mesma temperatura (Teste de Tukey, p≤0,05).

Fig. 5 in Comportamento germinativo das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae)

Fig. 5. Germinação das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen. A- Percentagem de germinação. B- Índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Letras maiúsculas indicam comparação entre temperaturas dentro do mesmo tempo de embebição, enquanto letras minúsculas indicam comparação entre os tempos de embebição dentro da mesma temperatura (Teste de Tukey, p≤0,05).

Fig. 4 in Comportamento germinativo das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae)

Fig. 4. Comprimento da raiz principal em plântulas obtidas da germinação das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen em fotoperíodo de 16 horas. Letras maiúsculas indicam comparação entre temperaturas dentro do mesmo tempo de embebição, enquanto letras minúsculas indicam comparação entre os tempos de embebição dentro da mesma temperatura (Teste de Tukey, p≤0,05).

Fig. 3 in Comportamento germinativo das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae)

Fig. 3. Germinação das sementes de Solidago chilensis Meyen. A- Percentagem de germinação. B- Índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Letras maiúsculas indicam comparação entre temperaturas dentro do mesmo tempo de embebição e letras minúsculas indicam comparação entre os tempos de embebição dentro da mesma temperatura (Teste de Tukey, p≤0,05).

FIGURE 2 in On the origin and systematic position of the Azorean goldenrod, Solidago azorica (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 2. Solidago azorica Hochst., copper engraving from Flora Azorica (Seubert 1844) based on the holotype Hochstetter 107 (TUB).

FIGURE 3. Solidago azorica Hochst., A in On the origin and systematic position of the Azorean goldenrod, Solidago azorica (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 3. Solidago azorica Hochst., A—large coastal population on São Jorge island, Fajã Rasa; B—flowering inflorescence, Corvo island, June 2011; C—details of capitulae, Corvo island, with pollinating syrphid fly, June 2011 (photographers A: L. Silveira, B/C: H. Schaefer).

FIGURE 1. Solidago sempervirens L in On the origin and systematic position of the Azorean goldenrod, Solidago azorica (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 1. Solidago sempervirens L. subsp. sempervirens, flowering stem at Duxbury beach, Massachusetts, USA, October 2011 (photographer H. Schaefer).

FIGURE 5 in On the origin and systematic position of the Azorean goldenrod, Solidago azorica (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 5. Best maximum likelihood phylogeny based on the combined nuclear and plastid data (2198 basepairs). Likelihood bootstrap values>60 shown at the nodes. Solidago azorica highlighted in red, S. sempervirens in green; GB-sequence downloaded from GenBank.

FIGURE 4. Best maximum likelihood phylogenies, A in On the origin and systematic position of the Azorean goldenrod, Solidago azorica (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 4. Best maximum likelihood phylogenies, A—based on the combined nuclear ribosomal ETS and ITS regions (1134 basepairs); B—based on the plastid trnQ-rps16 and trnH-psbA regions (1410 basepairs). Likelihood bootstrap values>60 shown at the nodes. Solidago azorica highlighted in red, S. sempervirens in green; GB-sequence downloaded from GenBank.

FIGURE 4 in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data

FIGURE 4. Idiograms of the four populations showing CMA 3 bands (yellow), 35S (red) and 5S (green) signals. A. S. litoralis; B. S. virgaurea (Livorno); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 5 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data

FIGURE 2. Chromomycin banding showing the GC-rich DNA regions. A. S. litoralis (partial metaphase); B. S. virgaurea (Livorno; partial metaphase); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIGURE 1. Schiff stained metaphase plates. A. S in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data

FIGURE 1. Schiff stained metaphase plates. A. S. litoralis; B. S. virgaurea (Livorno); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIGURE 3. FISH showing the chromosomes with 35S in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data

FIGURE 3. FISH showing the chromosomes with 35S (red) and 5S (green) signals. A. Partial metaphase of S. litoralis; B. Partial metaphase of S. virgaurea (Livorno); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIGURE 5 in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data

FIGURE 5. Grime triangle showing CSR strategies calculated for each single individual. Empty dots: S. litoralis; diamonds: S. virgaurea (Livorno); filled squares: S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); stars: S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze).

opennotspecifiedApr 2020View details →

FIGURE 1 in Lectotype of Solidago ×niederederi (Asteraceae) selected from a recently rediscovered original material

FIGURE 1. The lectotype specimen of Solidago ×niederederi mounted on two herbarium sheets (A—PRC455790, B—PRC455791) deposited in the PRC herbarium.

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Are Palmer's elm-leaf goldenrod and the smooth elm-leaf goldenrod real? The Angiosperms353 kit provides within-species signal in Solidago ulmifolia s.l.

Abstract — The genus Solidago represents a taxonomically challenging group due to its sheer number of species, putative hybridization, polyploidy, and shallow genetic divergence among species. Here we use a dataset obtained exclusively from herbarium specimens to evaluate the status of Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri, a morphologically subtle taxon potentially confined to Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Missouri. A multivariate analysis of both discrete and continuous morphological data revealed no clear distinction between S. ulmifolia var. palmeri and Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia. Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri's status was also assessed with a phylogenomic and SNP clustering analysis of data generated with the "Angiosperms353" probe kit. Neither analysis supported Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri as a distinct taxon, and we suggest that this name should be discarded. The status of Solidago delicatula (formerly known as Solidago ulmifolia var. microphylla) was also assessed. Both morphological and phylogenetic analyses supported the species status of S. delicatula and we suggest maintaining this species at its current rank. These results highlight the utility of the Angiosperms353 probe kit, both with herbarium tissue and at lower taxonomic levels. Indeed, this is the first study to utilize this kit to identify genetic groups within a species.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

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The dominant plant species Solidago canadensis structures multiple trophic levels in an old-field ecosystem

Dominant plant species are locally abundant and have large impacts on ecological communities via a variety of mechanisms. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of a dominant plant species both within and among trophic levels and on key ecosystem functions such as productivity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the dominant plant species Solidago canadensis on plant and arthropod communities in an old-field ecosystem in southeastern Michigan. We found that S. canadensis negatively correlated with the richness and combined biomass of all other plant species in the community, likely by reducing light availability. In turn, less biomass of all other plant species led to lower arthropod abundance. Specifically, detritivore and predator arthropod abundance was lower with less biomass of all plant species excluding S. canadensis, but herbivore and omnivore abundance was unaffected. Our results highlight the significant role of dominant plants in determining plant diversity and ecosystem function, and further suggest that the effect of a dominant plant species on a community is observed at higher trophic levels.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

Fig. 6 in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity

Fig. 6. Effects of the n-hexane extract (A), cis-dehydromatricaria ester (cis-DME, 1) (B), 13E-7α-acetoxy kolavenic acid (7) (C), (2Z, 8Z)-10-tigloyloxy matricaria ester (8) (D), (2Z, 8Z)-10-angeloyloxy matricaria ester (9) (E), and 13E-kolavenic acid (10) (F) on the root and shoot lengths of Italian ryegrass seedlings. The bioassays of isolated compounds B–F were performed at their concentrations in the n-hexane extracts shown in (A). The values are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Different letters represent significant differences between treatments (p <0.05, one-way ANOVA via Tukey's multiple comparison test).

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity

Fig. 1. High-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection, total ion current (TIC), and extracted ion current chromatograms of the extract of the underground parts of S. altissima. (A) Monitored at 254 nm; (B) monitored at 230 nm; (C) monitored at 330 nm; (D) operated in positive ion mode. a) TIC, b) m/z 273.111 ([M H]+ of compounds 8 and 9), c) m/z 261.113 ([M H]+ of compound 6), d) m/z 259.095 ([M H]+ of compounds 2–4), e) m/z 173.061 ([M + + + + H–C H O]+ of compound 4), f) m/z 159.045 ([M + H–C H O]+ of compounds 2 and 3); (E) TIC in negative ion mode. The scale factors of the chromatograms are 4 6 2 5 8 2 indicated in parentheses. The numbers in the figure correspond to the compounds listed in Table 1.