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645 results for “Spatial distributions”
Data from: Spatial distribution, movements, and geographic range of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska
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Data from: Mechanisms of kin discrimination inferred from pedigrees and the spatial distribution of mates
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Predicting changes in molluscan spatial distributions in mangrove forests in response to sea-level rise
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Data from: Seasonal dynamics of spatial distribution and overlap between Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the Barents Sea
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Data from: Gardeners of the forest: hornbills govern the spatial distribution of large seeds
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Data from: Regional divergence and mosaic spatial distribution of two closely related damselfly species (Enallagma hageni and Enallagma ebrium)
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Data from: Balancing food and density-dependence in the spatial distribution of an interference-prone forager
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History and environment shape spatial genetic variation and predict climate maladaptation in a narrowly distributed serotinous pine, Pinus muricata
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Data from: Misuse of bird digital distribution maps creates reversed spatial diversity patterns in the Amazon
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Spatial autocorrelation shapes liana distribution better than topography and host tree properties in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in SW China
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Fig. 5 in Spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) in a long-term study of an Amazonian terra firme stream, Leticia - Colombia
Fig. 5. Heat map showing the probability of finding Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni individuals within any quadrant of the grid located in a terra firme stream in Leticia, Amazonas. White represents zero probability. Dark blue represents the lowest probability for quadrants in which G. rondoni rested during the day (1.45%) while red represents the highest probability (36.2%) of finding an individual resting within a given quadrant. Notice that individuals were never found in the white quadrants, which dried out during low water periods.
Fig. 4 in Spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) in a long-term study of an Amazonian terra firme stream, Leticia - Colombia
Fig. 4. Monthly distribution of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni within the grid in the Yahuarcaca terra firme stream in Leticia, Amazonas. The continuous line represents the maximum stream width reached during high water months, and the dashed line the minimum stream width reached in low water months. a. to m. Each sketch represents a sampling month and each number represents the total number of G. rondoni individuals found during five to six days at each quadrant for that particular month.
Fig. 3 in Spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) in a long-term study of an Amazonian terra firme stream, Leticia - Colombia
Fig. 3. The EOD pulse in the weakly electric fish Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni. EOD waveform shows four distinctive phases of alternating polarity (Left). Pictures are showing the lateral, dorsal and ventral view of G. rondoni ICN-MHN 6169 (Right). © Institute of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Fig. 6 in Spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) in a long-term study of an Amazonian terra firme stream, Leticia - Colombia
Fig. 6. Water conductivity and its effects on distance to nearest neighbors and the daily ratio of departure from a random distribution (R). a. The nearest neighbor distance between all individuals of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni found within the grid for all sampling days during all thirteen months (linear regression, n= 1375; p= 0.45; r2= 0.0004). The daily ratio of departure from a random distribution (R) within the grid for all sampling days during all thirteen months for b. Exponential Model (r2 = 0.09; F = 6.4; p = 0.014) and c. Power Model (r2 = 0.07; F = (1, 62) (1, 62) 4.9; p = 0.03).
Fig. 2 in Spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) in a long-term study of an Amazonian terra firme stream, Leticia - Colombia
Fig. 2. Sampling site in the Yahuarcaca terra firme stream in Leticia, Amazonas. a. Image during low water levels. b. Image with high water levels after a local rain.
Fig. 1 in Spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) in a long-term study of an Amazonian terra firme stream, Leticia - Colombia
Fig. 1. Geographical position of the sampling site in the Yahuarcaca terra firme stream close to Leticia, Amazonas in Colombia. The picture shows a panoramic view of the sampling site.
Spatial Distributions of Sea Surface Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and Picoeukaryotes
<p>The attached videos show estimated global distributions of sea surface <em>Prochlorococcus</em>, <em>Synechococcus</em>, and pico-eukaryotes cell abundances. To produce these estimates an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained using more than 35 years of cell abundance observations. The training dataset is compiled using <a href="https://simonscmap.com/">Simons CMAP</a> python client (<a href="https://github.com/simonscmap/pycmap">pycmap</a>) and can be found <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4108149">here</a>. Environmental variables are used as model features to predict the organism's abundances. Below is the list of employed features for each species:</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Prochlorococcus: </em><a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/Near_Real_Time%20SST_AVHRR_OI">Sea Surface Temperature</a> </p> <p><em>Synechococcus: </em><a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/Near_Real_Time%20SST_AVHRR_OI">Sea Surface Temperature</a>, <a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/Mercator_Pisces_Biogeochem_Climatology">Dissolved Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) Concentration</a>, <a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/Reprocessed_8_Day_Satellite_CHL">Chlorophyll Concentration </a></p> <p>pico-eukaryotes: <a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/Near_Real_Time%20SST_AVHRR_OI">Sea Surface Temperature</a>, <a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/Mercator_Pisces_Biogeochem_Climatology">Dissolved Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) Concentration</a>, <a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/Mercator_Pisces_Biogeochem_Climatology">Dissolved Oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) Concentration</a>, <a href="https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/SMAP_Ocean_Surface_Salinity">Sea Surface Salinity</a> </p>
Diversity and distribution across a large environmental and spatial gradient: evaluating the taxonomic and functional turnover, transitions and environmental drivers of benthic diatom communities
<p><b><span>Aim:</span></b> Global biodiversity loss has raised interest in understanding variation in diversity at different scales. Especially studies conducted across large spatial gradients are crucial, because they can increase perspectives on how ecological patterns change relative to environmental factors, and facilitate predictions of possible responses to environmental change. We explored the full extent of a brackish sea to test the hypotheses that (i) benthic communities are defined by species' limited ranges, controlled by varying drivers along a large environmental gradient, (ii) the responses of taxonomic and functional community composition and turnover to the environmental gradient are different, thus highlighting the need to include both measures in ecological studies, and (iii) diversity reaches the minimum at intermediate salinities (Remane curve) due to the low adaptation of freshwater and marine species.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: A large environmental and spatial gradient spanning the entire Swedish coastline (ca. 2300 km; salinity 1.2-27.6), the Baltic Sea</p> <p><b><span>Time period</span></b><span>: August 2018</span></p> <p><b><span>Major taxa studied:</span></b><span> Benthic diatoms</span></p> <p><b><span>Methods</span></b><span>: </span>We assessed environmental drivers for the communities and calculated the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity along the gradient. We also compared the taxonomic and functional composition and diversity of communities between areas with different salinity.</p> <p><b><span>Results</span></b><span>:</span> We found support for the hypothesis of limited species ranges, as taxonomic beta diversity, mainly induced by changes in salinity and climate, was high, whereas functional beta diversity remained considerably lower, and the composition and diversity of communities, as well as environmental drivers controlling the communities, differed between regions with different salinity. The lowest taxonomic diversity was found at intermediate salinities of 5-6.</p> <p><b><span>Main conclusions:</span></b> These findings advance understanding of large-scale patterns of benthic diversity, emphasize the importance of large gradient studies for a better understanding of general ecological patterns, and highlight the vulnerability of brackish water ecosystems as ecologically important tipping point realms.</p>
Thermal constraints on energy balance, behavior, and spatial distribution of grizzly bears
<p>1. Heat dissipation limit theory posits that energy available for growth and reproduction in endotherms is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. In mammals, endogenous heat production increases markedly during gestation and lactation, and thus female mammals may be subject to greater thermal constraints on energy expenditure than males. Such constraints likely have important implications for behavior and population performance in a warming climate.</p> <p>2. We used a mechanistic simulation model based on first principles of heat and mass transfer to study thermal constraints on activity (both timing and intensity) of captive female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in current and future climate scenarios. We then quantified the relative importance of regulatory behaviors for maintaining heat balance using GPS telemetry locations of lactating versus non-lactating female bears from Yellowstone National Park, and assessed the degree to which costs of thermoregulation constrained the distribution of sampled bears in space and time.</p> <p>3. Lactating female bears benefitted considerably more from behavioral cooling mechanisms (e.g., partial submersion in cool water or bedding on cool substrate) than non-lactating females in our simulations; the availability of water for thermoregulation increased the number of hours during which lactating females could be active by up to 60% under current climatic conditions and by up to 43% in the future climate scenario. Moreover, even in the future climate scenario lactating bears were able to achieve heat balance 24 hrs/day by thermoregulating behaviorally when water was available to facilitate cooling.</p> <p>4. The most important predictor of female grizzly bear distribution in Yellowstone, regardless of reproductive status, was elevation. However, variables associated with the thermal environment occurred with greater frequency in rules for predicting the distribution of lactating than non-lactating female bears. </p> <p>5. Our results suggest that the costs of heat dissipation, which are modulated by climate, may impose constraints on the behavior and energetics of large endotherms like grizzly bears, and that access to water for cooling will likely be an increasingly important driver of grizzly bear distribution in Yellowstone as the climate continues to warm.</p>
Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of nest distribution influences sexual selection in a marine fish
In many species, the natural distribution of material resources important for reproduction can profoundly impact reproductive success among individuals and, hence, the opportunity and intensity of sexual selection. Here, we report on a field-based experiment investigating the effects of nest aggregation on sexual selection in a fish, the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus). We found that the distribution of potential nests (sparse versus aggregated nest treatments) affected patterns of nest colonization and reproductive success. Specifically, in the treatment with aggregated nesting resources, a greater proportion of nests remained unoccupied by sand goby males. Although the size of nesting males did not differ between treatments, eggs accumulated more rapidly when nests were sparsely distributed. We found that the opportunity for selection decreased over time with the accumulation of eggs in the nests in both the aggregated and sparse treatments. Moreover, the effect of male size on reproductive success was influenced by an interaction between nest distribution and time, with the selection gradient being highest right after nest colonization when nests were aggregated, while the opposite pattern was observed in the sparse nest treatment. Such findings highlight the vital role that environmental and social factors can play in determining the importance of male phenotypic traits (in this case, male size). More broadly, our results also underscore how the natural distribution of resources, both in space and time, can impact the strength of sexual selection acting on wild animal populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.