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730 results for “Trout”
Data from: Near absence of differential gene expression in the retina of rainbow trout after exposure to a magnetic pulse: implications for magnetoreception
The ability to perceive Earth's magnetic field, or magnetoreception, exists in numerous animals. Although the mechanism underlying magnetoreception has not been clearly established in any species, in salmonid fish it is hypothesized to occur by means of crystals of magnetite associated with nervous tissue such as the brain, olfactory organ, or retina. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to a brief magnetic pulse known to disrupt magnetic orientation behavior in several animals. Changes in gene expression induced by the pulse were then examined in the retina. Analyses indicated that the pulse elicited differential expression of only a single gene, gamma-crystallin M3-like (crygm3). The near-absence of an effect of the magnetic pulse on gene expression in the retina stands in sharp contrast to a recent study in which 181 genes were differentially expressed in brain tissue of O. mykiss after exposure to the same pulse. Overall, our results suggest either that magnetite-based magnetoreceptors in trout are not located in the retina, or else that they are unaffected by magnetic pulses that can disrupt magnetic orientation behavior in animals.
Data from: Environmental associations with gene transcription in Babine Lake rainbow trout: evidence for local adaptation
The molecular genetic mechanisms facilitating local adaptation in salmonids continue to be poorly characterized. Gene transcription is a highly regulated step in the expression of a phenotype and it has been shown to respond to selection and thus may be one mechanism that facilitates the development of local adaptation. Advances in molecular genetic tools and an increased understanding of the functional roles of specific genes allow us to test hypotheses concerning the role of variable environments in shaping transcription at known-function candidate loci. To address these hypotheses, wild rainbow trout were collected in their first summer and subjected to metabolic and immune challenges. We assayed gene transcription at candidate loci that play a role in the molecular genetic response to these stresses, and correlated transcription with temperature data from the streams and the abundance and diversity of bacteria as characterized by massively parallel pyrosequencing. Patterns of transcriptional regulation from resting to induced levels varied among populations for both treatments. Co-inertia analysis demonstrated significant associations between resting levels of metabolic gene transcription and thermal regime (R2 = 0.19, P = 0.013) as well as in response to challenge (R2 = 0.39, P = 0.001) and resting state and challenged levels of cytokine gene transcription with relative abundances of bacteria (resting: R2 = 0.25, P = 0.009, challenged: R2 = 0.65, P = 0.001). These results show that variable environments, even within a small geographic range (<250 km), can drive divergent selection among populations for transcription of genes related to surviving stress.
Data from: Strong divergence in trait means but not in plasticity across hatchery and wild populations of sea-run brown trout Salmo trutta
There is ample evidence that organisms adapt to their native environment when gene flow is restricted. However, evolution of plastic responses across discrete environments is less well examined. We studied divergence in means and plasticity across wild and hatchery populations of sea-run brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a common garden experiment with two rearing environments (hatchery and a nearly natural experimental stream). Since natural and hatchery environments differ, this arrangement provides an experiment in contemporary adaptation across the two environments. A QST-FST approach was used to investigate local adaptation in survival and growth over the first summer. We found evidence for divergent selection in survival in one year and in body length in both years and rearing environments. In general, the hatchery populations had higher survival and larger body size in both environments. QST in body size did not differ between the rearing environments and constitutive divergence in the means was in all cases stronger than divergence in the plastic responses. These results suggest that in this system constitutive changes in mean trait values are more important for local adaptation than increased plasticity. In addition, ex-situ rearing conditions induce changes in trait means that are adaptive in the hatchery, but potentially harmful in the wild, suggesting that hatchery rearing is likely to be a sub-optimal management strategy for trout populations facing selection in the stream environment.
Data from: Acclimation temperature changes spermatozoa flagella length relative to head size in brown trout
Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental factor affecting physiological processes of ectotherms. Due to the effects of climate change on global air and water temperatures, predicting the impacts of changes in environmental thermal conditions on ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. This is especially crucial for migratory fish, such as the ecologically and economically vital salmonids, because their complex life histories make them particularly vulnerable. Here, we addressed the question whether temperature affects the morphology of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. spermatozoa. The fertilising ability of spermatozoa is commonly attributed to their morphological dimensions, thus implying direct impacts on the reproductive success of the male producing the cells. We show that absolute lengths of spermatozoa are not affected by temperature, but spermatozoa from warm acclimated S. trutta males have longer flagella relative to their head size compared to their cold acclimated counterparts. This did not directly affect sperm swimming speed, although spermatozoa from warm acclimated males may have experienced a hydrodynamic advantage at warmer temperatures, as suggested by our calculations of drag based on head size and sperm swimming speed. The results presented here highlight the importance of increasing our knowledge of the effects of temperature on all aspects of salmonid reproduction in order to secure their continued abundance.
Data from: Candidate genes mediating magnetoreception in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Diverse animals use Earth's magnetic field in orientation and navigation, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie magnetoreception. Recent studies have focused on two possibilities: (i) magnetite-based receptors; and (ii) biochemical reactions involving radical pairs. We used RNA sequencing to examine gene expression in the brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to a magnetic pulse known to disrupt magnetic orientation behaviour. We identified 181 differentially expressed genes, including increased expression of six copies of the frim gene, which encodes a subunit of the universal iron-binding and trafficking protein ferritin. Functions linked to the oxidative effects of free iron (e.g. oxidoreductase activity, transition metal ion binding, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation) were also affected. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a magnetic pulse alters or damages magnetite-based receptors and/or other iron-containing structures, which are subsequently repaired or replaced through processes involving ferritin. Additionally, some genes that function in the development and repair of photoreceptive structures (e.g. crggm3, purp, prl, gcip, crabp1 and pax6) were also differentially expressed, raising the possibility that a magnetic pulse might affect structures and processes unrelated to magnetite-based magnetoreceptors.
Dendritic prioritization through spatial stream network modeling informs targeted management of Himalayan riverscapes under brown trout invasion
<p>With the concept of 'riverscapes' long pending to be acknowledged in the 'landscape-centric' legislative framework of Himalayan nations, conservation of native riverine species stays practically unheeded. This necessitates urgent prioritization of stream networks to conserve the lotic taxa under invasion pressures. Himalayan riverscapes are pervaded with the invasive-exotic brown trout <i>Salmo trutta</i>,<i> </i>posing serious threats to the co-occurring native, the snow trout <i>Schizothorax richardsonii</i>. Using intensive surveys (218.7km) and geostatistical stream network models (n=537), we contrasted snow trout in two stream networks with and without invasives, for assessing differences in their spatial distribution. Our models indicate invasion-induced relegations of natives from the river mainstem into headwaters, with large sections of mainstem occupied by invasives. Furthermore, a concerningly small percentage of potential habitat left for natives to occupy in the mainstem is threatened, where a 100% overlap of native and invasive trout distributions is predicted. With a higher presence probability for the natives in headwaters of invaded watershed as compared to the non-invaded watershed, we highlight the headwater streams as<b> </b>potential refugia for the natives under invasion.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and Applications: </i>Our approach of basin-scale dendritic prioritization provides immediate management solutions to tackle brown trout invasion threats in Himalaya. We inform decisions on delineation of headwaters as invasion refugia for native fish, with assisted recovery of their fragmented populations in the river mainstems through targeted management of invasives</p>
Figure 2 from: Turan D, Doğan E, Kaya C, Kanyılmaz M (2014) Salmo kottelati, a new species of trout from Alakır Stream, draining to the Mediterranean in southern Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei, Salmonidae). ZooKeys 462: 135-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.462.8177
Figure 2 - Distribution of Salmo species in Anatolia: Salmo coruhensis (1) Salmo rizeensis (2) Salmo abanticus (3) Salmo caspius (4) Salmo tigridis (5) Salmo euphrataeus (6) Salmo okumusi (7) Salmo chilo (8) Salmo opimus (9) Salmo platycephalus (10) Salmo labecula (11) Salmo kottelati (12) Salmo cf. coruhensis (13) Salmo cf. rizeensis (14).
Figure 1 from: Turan D, Doğan E, Kaya C, Kanyılmaz M (2014) Salmo kottelati, a new species of trout from Alakır Stream, draining to the Mediterranean in southern Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei, Salmonidae). ZooKeys 462: 135-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.462.8177
Figure 1 - Salmo kottelati; Turkey: Antalya Province: Alakır stream a FFR 03180, holotype, 205 mm SL, male b FFR 03181, paratype, 207 mm SL, male c FFR 03181, paratype, 208 mm SL, female d FFR 03181, paratype, 175 mm SL, female e FFR 03181, paratype, 98 mm SL, Juvenile.
Supplementary material 1 from: Shaffer JA, Parks D, Campbell K, Moragne A, Hueske B, Adams P, Bauman JM (2023) Coastal beaver, Chinook, coho, chum salmon and trout response to nearshore changes resulting from diking and large-scale dam removals: synergistic ecosystem engineering and restoration in the coastal zone. Nature Conservation 53: 61-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.53.85421
Mean woody plant abundance surveyed from the riparian and shrub-emergent marsh vegetation
Trout Consumption in Young Children and Families and Brain Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06721468. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Acclimation temperature changes spermatozoa flagella length relative to head size in brown trout
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Data from: Near absence of differential gene expression in the retina of rainbow trout after exposure to a magnetic pulse: implications for magnetoreception
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Genetic divergence and diversity reflect a predominant freshwater resident life history in Rainbow Trout from southwestern Alaska
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Data from: Development and evaluation of 200 novel SNP assays for population genetic studies of westslope cutthroat trout and genetic identification of related taxa
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Data from: What is the primary function of the early teleost gill? Evidence for Na+/NH4+ exchange in developing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Data from: Unmapped sequencing reads identify additional candidate genes linked to magnetoreception in rainbow trout
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Rocky Mountain Brook Trout harvest project genotypes
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Data from: Experimental test of genetic rescue in isolated populations of brook trout
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Data from: Environmental associations with gene transcription in Babine Lake rainbow trout: evidence for local adaptation
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Data from: Candidate genes mediating magnetoreception in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.