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1,029 results for “altitude”
FIGURE 1 in A new low altitude species of Megophrys Kuhl and van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from Assam, Northeast India
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Megophrys megacephala sp. nov. (ZSI A 11213) in preservation: A. dorsal view, B. ventral view, C. lateral view of head, D. ventral view of hand, E. ventral view of foot.
Figure data of "Measurement report: Molecular-level investigation of atmospheric cluster ions at the tropical high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes"
<p>This dataset involves the data that is used for the figures in "Measurement report: Molecular-level investigation of atmospheric cluster ions at the tropical high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes".</p>
Plant community assembly of alpine meadow at different altitudes in Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
<p>Plant community assembly of alpine meadow at different altitudes in Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau related raw data include 3 files: All Species Name, Calculated trait NFI, Pedigree chart. </p>
Altitude-mediated soil properties, not geography or climatic distance, explain the distribution of a tropical endemic herb
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Understanding the ecological processes that govern species' range margins is a fundamental question in ecology with practical implications in conservation biology. The centre-periphery hypothesis (CPH) predicts that organisms have higher abundance at the centre of their geographic range. However, most tests of the CPH often used raster data, assuming that climatic conditions are consistent across one square km. This assumption is not always justified, particularly for species that live in mountainous regions where climatic conditions often vary widely across a small special scale. When using occurrence data, most previous studies do not evenly sample across the species' distribution. We sampled 54 plots of an endemic perennial herb, <i>Thunbergia atacorensis</i> (Acanthanceae), throughout its range in West-Africa to collect biotic and abiotic variables including, <i>Thunbergia</i> density, leaf mass per area, and basal diameter. The basal diameter was used to estimate population demographic structure (skewness). We used these data to build a structural equation model testing the direct and indirect effects of distance from geographic and climatic niche centres, and altitude on density of <i>Thunbergia atacorensis </i>as mediated by abiotic and biotic factors, population skewness, and individual size. Contrary to the prediction of the CPH, plant density did not vary with distance from geographic or climatic niche centre, indicating that even the climatic centre does not necessarily have optimal ecological conditions. However, soil nitrogen and soil potassium mediated the relationship between altitude and plant density. Further, plant size increased with soil nitrogen and soil potassium. We found no direct or mediating effect of interspecific competition on plant density. Our study highlights the relative role that abiotic factors play in shaping species range limits, and the critical role of altitudinal gradient.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
FIG. 4 in Bat activity at high altitudes in the Central Alps, Europe
FIG. 4. Bat activity with respect to wind speed and temperature (n = 33,241). Lines represent the cut-in values for wind farms with a high risk of bat mortality (KFFÖ, 2014)
FIG. 3 in Bat activity at high altitudes in the Central Alps, Europe
FIG. 3. Number of recorded call sequences of P. nathusii/P. kuhlii per night during summer and autumn (1.6.2013–31.10.2013; no data on 14.7.–15.7.2013)
FIG. 2 in Bat activity at high altitudes in the Central Alps, Europe
FIG. 2. Number of recorded call sequences of E. nilssonii per night during summer and autumn (1.6.2013–31.10.2013; no data on 14.7.–15.7.2013)
FIG. 1 in Bat activity at high altitudes in the Central Alps, Europe
FIG. 1. Bat call sequences per night and average night temperature (A) during summer and autumn (1.6.–31.10.2013; no recordings on 14.7.–15.7.2013) and (B) during spring (15.03.–31.05.2014). Note the different y-axis
Data-set of CO2, CH4, N2O dissolved concentrations and ancillary data in 15 Ecuadorian high-altitude lakes
<p>Data-set of the dissolved concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O and ancillary data in 15 lakes located in the northern region of Ecuadorian Andes along an elevational gradient from 2,213 to 4,361 m above sea level, as well as a gradient of lake surface area (0.003 to 6.1 km<sup>2</sup>) and depth (0.9 to 74 m) (Fig. 1). Most lakes were located in the páramos of Salve Facha and Antisana y Mojanda.</p> <p>Sampling was carried out over a period from April 2019 to March 2022, with an inflatable boat approximately in the center of the lake, during day-time only (early morning to late afternoon). Water temperature, specific conductivity, pH, and %O<sub>2</sub> were measured in surface water with a YSI multi-parameter probe (ProPlus). Water for CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O samples was collected with a sampling devise consisting of a 2L polyethylene bottle with the bottom cut and fitted with a silicone tubing at the stopper (Abril et al. 2007). Two borosilicate serum bottles (Weathon) with a volume of 40 ml were filled with the silicone tubing, poisoned with 100 µl of a saturated solution of HgCl<sub>2</sub> and sealed with a butyl stopper and crimped with an aluminium cap. Measurements were made, after over-night equilibration, on an headspace (Weiss 1981) (created by injecting 15 ml of high-purity N<sub>2</sub> into the 40 ml sample bottles), with a gas chromatograph (SRI 8610C) with a flame ionisation detector for CH<sub>4</sub> and electron capture detector for N<sub>2</sub>O calibrated with CH<sub>4</sub>:N<sub>2</sub>O:N<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures (Air Liquide Belgium) with mixing ratios of 1, 10 and 30 ppm for CH<sub>4</sub>, and 0.2, 2.0 and 6.0 ppm for N<sub>2</sub>O. The precision of measurement based on duplicate samples was ±10.9% for CH<sub>4</sub> and ±5.8% for N<sub>2</sub>O.</p> <p>The partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (pCO<sub>2</sub>) was measured in the field with a Li-Cor Li-820 infra-red gas analyser based on the headspace technique with four 60 ml polypropylene syringes that were filled directly with surface water. The pCO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere was measured by injecting ambient air sampled with an additional polypropylene syringe. The Li-Cor Li-820 was calibrated with pure N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>:N<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures (Air Liquide Belgium) of 388, 804, 3,707 and 8,146 ppm. The final pCO<sub>2</sub> value was computed taking into account the partitioning of CO<sub>2</sub> between water and the headspace, as well as equilibrium with HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (Dickson et al. 2007) using water temperature measured in-situ and after equilibration, and total alkalinity (TA). The precision of pCO<sub>2</sub> measurement was ±5.2%.</p> <p>The CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is expressed as partial pressure in parts per million (ppm) and as dissolved concentration for CH<sub>4</sub> (nmol L<sup>-1</sup>), in accordance with convention in existing topical literature. Variations of N<sub>2</sub>O were modest and concentrations fluctuated around atmospheric equilibrium, so data are presented as percent of saturation level (%N<sub>2</sub>O, where atmospheric equilibrium corresponds to 100%), computed from the global mean N<sub>2</sub>O air mixing ratios given by the Global Monitoring Division (GMD) of the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/combined/N2O.html), using the Henry’s constant (Weiss and Price 1980).</p> <p>Samples for the stable isotope composition of DIC (δ<sup>13</sup>C-DIC) were collected in 12 ml Exetainer vials (Labco) and poisoned with 50 µL of a saturated solution of HgCl<sub>2</sub>. Prior to the analysis of δ<sup>13</sup>C-DIC, a 2 ml helium headspace was created and 100 µL of phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, 99%) was added in the vial in order to convert CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> to CO<sub>2</sub>. After overnight equilibration, up to 1 mL of the headspace was injected with a gastight syringe into a coupled elemental analyser - IRMS (EA-IRMS, Thermo FlashHT or Carlo Erba EA1110 with DeltaV Advantage). The obtained data were corrected for isotopic equilibration between dissolved and gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> as described by Gillikin and Bouillon (2007). Calibration was performed with certified standards (NBS-19 or IAEA-CO-1, and LSVEC). Reproducibility of measurement based on duplicate injections of samples was typically better than ±0.2 ‰.</p> <p>Water was collected in surface water with a 2L polyethylene bottle. The water filtered through 47 mm diameter GF/F Whatman glass fibber filters was collected and further filtered through polyethersulfone syringe encapsulated filters (0.2 µm porosity) for nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>), ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), TA, major elements (Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>), as well as dissolved silicate (DSi) and Fe, stable isotope composition of O and H of H<sub>2</sub>O (δ<sup>18</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H-H<sub>2</sub>O) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). An additional water filtration was made on 25 mm diameter GF/F Whatman glass fibber filters for particulate organic carbon (POC) analysis.</p> <p>Samples for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> were stored frozen (-20°C) in 50 ml polypropylene vials. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> were determined with the sulfanilamide colorimetric with the vanadium reduction method (American Public Health Association, 1998), and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> with the dichloroisocyanurate-salicylate-nitroprussiate colorimetric method (Standing committee of Analysts, 1981). Detection limits were 0.3, 0.01, and 0.15 µmol L<sup>-1</sup> for NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, respectively. Precisions were ±0.02 µmol L<sup>-1</sup>, ±0.02 µmol L<sup>-1</sup>, and ±0.1 µmol L<sup>-1</sup> for NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, respectively.</p> <p>Samples for TA were stored at ambient temperature in polyethylene 55 ml vials and measurements were carried out by open-cell titration with HCl 0.1 mol L<sup>-1</sup> according to Gran (1952), and data quality checked with certified reference material obtained from Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA), with a typical reproducibility better than ±3 µmol kg<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>Samples for δ<sup>18</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O and were δ<sup>2</sup>H-H<sub>2</sub>O stored at ambient temperature in polypropylene 8 ml vials. δ<sup>2</sup>H-H<sub>2</sub>O was measured on H<sub>2</sub> gas derived from a high‐temperature (1,030°C) Cr‐based reactor by automated injections of water using a TriPlus autosampler on an elemental analyzer (Thermo Flash HT/EA; Thermo Finnigan) coupled to a continuous‐flow isotope‐ratio mass spectrometer (Delta V Advantage; Thermo Finnigan). δ<sup>18</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O values were measured on a Thermo GasBench II coupled to a Thermo Delta XP IRMS after equilibration with CO<sub>2</sub>. The long-term uncertainty for standard δ<sup>18</sup>O values was ±0.1‰.</p> <p>Samples for major elements were stored at ambient temperature in 20 ml scintillation vials and preserved with 50 μl of HNO<sub>3</sub> (65%). Major elements were measured with inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS; Agilent 7700x) calibrated with the following standards: SRM1640a from National Institute of Standards and Technology, TM-27.3 (lot 0412) and TMRain-04 (lot 0913) from Environment Canada, and SPS-SW2 Batch 130 from Spectrapure Standard. Limit of quantification was 0.5 µmol L<sup>-1</sup> for Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, 1.0 µmol L<sup>-1</sup> for K<sup>+</sup> and 8 µmol L<sup>-1</sup> for DSi.</p> <p>Samples to determine DOC were stored at ambient temperature and in the dark in 40 ml brown borosilicate vials with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated septa and poisoned with 50 µL of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (85%), and DOC concentration was determined with a wet oxidation total organic carbon analyzer (IO Analytical Aurora 1030W), with a typical reproducibility better than ±5%.</p> <p>Filters for POC analysis were decarbonated with HCl fumes for 4h and dried before encapsulation into silver cups; POC concentration was analysed on an EA-IRMS (Thermo FlashHT with DeltaV Advantage), with a reproducibility better than ±5%. Data were calibrated with certified (IAEA-600: caffeine) and in-house standards (leucine, tuna muscle tissue) that were previously calibrated versus certified standards.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Abril, G., Commarieu, M.-V., Guérin, F., 2007. Enhanced methane oxidation in an estuarine turbidity maximum. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52, 470-475. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.1.0470</p> <p>American Public Health Association. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, (APHA, 1998).</p> <p>Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L., Christian, J.R., 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp., https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1342</p> <p>Gillikin, D.P., Bouillon, S., 2007. Determination of δ18O of water and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon using a simple modification of an elemental analyzer – isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS): an evaluation, Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 21, 1475-1478, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2968</p> <p>Gran, G., 1952. Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations Part II, The Analyst, 77, 661-671, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9527700661.</p> <p>Standing committee of Analysts (1981). Ammonia in waters. Methods for the examination of waters and associated materials. 16 pp (HMSO, 1981).</p> <p>Weiss, R.F., Price, B.A., 1980. Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater. Mar. Chem. 8, 347-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(80)90024-9</p> <p>Weiss, R.F., 1981. Determinations of carbon dioxide and methane by dual catalyst flame ionization chromatography and nitrous oxide by electron capture chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 19, 611-616. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.12.611</p>
Unprecedented recent regional increase in Organic Carbon and Lithogenic fluxes in high altitude Pyrenean lakes (Dataset)
<p>The datasets generated during and/or analysed in the article "Unprecedented recent regional increase in Organic Carbon and Lithogenic fluxes in high altitude Pyrenean lakes" (Scientific reports)</p>
List: Angiosperms from the high‐altitude grasslands of the Atlantic forest (campos de altitude)
<p>This repository contains the output list of angiosperms from the high‐altitude grasslands of the Atlantic forest. </p>
Fig. 4. Enchodelusparateres n in Nematodes Of High Altitudes In India V. Five New Species Of The Genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Dorylaimida)
Fig. 4. Enchodelusparateres n. sp. A. Female entire, B. Male entire, C. Head end, D. Head end showing amphid, E. Expanded region of oesophagus, F. Posterior female sexual branch, G & H. Female tail ends, I & J. Male tail ends, K. Spicule.
Fig. 2. Enchodelussatendri n in Nematodes Of High Altitudes In India V. Five New Species Of The Genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Dorylaimida)
Fig. 2. Enchodelussatendri n. sp. A. Female entire, B. Head end, C & D. Head ends showing amphid, E. Expanded region of oesophagus, F. Posterior female sexual branch, G & H. Vulva region, I & J. Female tail ends, K & L. Male tail ends, M. Spicule.
Fig. 1. Enchodelusthornei n in Nematodes Of High Altitudes In India V. Five New Species Of The Genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Dorylaimida)
Fig. 1. Enchodelusthornei n. sp. A. Female entire, B. Head end, C. Head end showing amphid, D. Expanded region of oesophagus,!E. Posterior female sexual branch, F. Female tail end, G & H. Male tail ends.
A global grid model for the estimation of zenith tropospheric delay considering the variations at different altitudes
<p>Code to reproduce the work in the manuscript 'A global grid model for the estimation of zenith tropospheric delay considering the variations at different altitudes', Liangke Huang, Shengwei Lan, Ge Zhu, Fade Chen, Junyu Li, Lilong Liu, submitted to GMD. </p>
Adaptive response of Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) to climate and altitude in the temperate forests of South Korea
<p><span>Understanding climatic effect on wildlife is essential to prediction and management of climate change's impact on the ecosystem. The climatic effect can interact with other environmental factors. This study aimed to determine effects of climate and altitude on Siberian roe deer (<em>Capreolus</em> <em>pygargus</em>) activity in temperate forests of South Korea. We conducted camera trapping to investigate roe deer's activity level from spring to fall. Logistic regressions were used to determine effects of diel period, temperature, rain, and altitude on the activity level. A negative relationship was noted between temperature and the activity level due to thermoregulatory costs. Roe deer activity exhibited nocturnal and crepuscular patterns during summer and the other seasons, respectively, possibly due to heat stress in summer. In addition, the effect of temperature differed between high- and low-altitude areas. In low-altitude areas, temperature affected negatively the activity level throughout the study period. Conversely, in high-altitude areas, temperature affected activity levels only in summer and early fall. Lower temperatures in higher altitudes favoured roe deer activity, resulting in roe deer's preference towards higher altitude areas. However, roe deer's movement toward lower altitudes was observed in summer. Reduced heat stress by changing activity pattern allowed them to access lower altitude areas with greater resource availability during summer. This study revealed how roe deer activity varied across seasons and altitudes, considering the interactions among weather, microclimate and resource availability. It provides insight into how montane species adapt to various climatic conditions, and this could have important implications for wildlife management and conservation efforts.</span></p>
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from high-altitude grasslands of the state of São Paulo, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Photos of living specimes of Pleroma curucutuense. A. Habit. B. Flowering branch. C. Apex of the flowering branch showing the inflorescence, the flower buds free or enclosed by the bracteoles, and a mature flower. D. Flower in anthesis (lateral view). E. Highaltitude grasslands of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Curucutu [Photos A–B and D by Renato Goldenberg, Photos C and E by Fabrício Schmitz Meyer].
Data containing alitude profiles of Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity from EISCAT and TIE-GCM used for the research work "A comparative assessment of the distribution of Joule heating in altitude as estimated in TIE-GCM and EISCAT over one solar cycle"
<p>This archive contains the data used for the research work with title "A comparative assessment of the distribution of Joule heating in altitude as estimated in TIE-GCM and EISCAT over one solar cycle". The data represent Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity altitude profiles for the duration of the solar cycle 24 between the years 2009 and 2019. The information is separated by Magnetic Local Time, Kp index and altitude. There are data from the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar in Matlab format and from a TIE-GCM simulation executed at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace in NetCDF format. </p>
FIGURES 31–35 in A contribution to the millipede fauna of China: descriptions of four new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from high-altitude areas of Yunnan Province (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
FIGURES 31–35. Nepalmatoiulus belousovi sp. nov., male paratype (ZMUM). 31. Left promere, posterior view. 32. Flagellum. 33. Distal part of flagellum. 34. Distal part of left promere, posterior view. 35. Section of promere apex. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 33, 35), 20 μm (Fig. 34), 100 μm (Figs 31, 32).
FIGURES 10–12 in A contribution to the millipede fauna of China: descriptions of four new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from high-altitude areas of Yunnan Province (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
FIGURES 10–12. Nepalmatoiulus angustus sp. nov., male holotype (Figs 10, 11) and female paratype (Fig. 12) (ZMUM). 10. Flagellum apex, mesal view. 11. Distal part of mesomeral process, mesal view. 12. Vulva, posterior view. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 10, 11), 100 μm (Fig. 12).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.