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866 results for “attack”
Data from: Zebrafish aggression on the sub-second time-scale: evidence for mutual motor coordination and multi-functional attack maneuvers
Most animals fight by repeating complex stereotypic behaviors, yet the internal structure of these behaviors has rarely been dissected in detail. We characterized the internal structure of fighting behaviors by developing a machine learning pipeline that measures and classifies the behavior of individual unmarked animals on a sub-second timescale. This allowed us to quantify several previously hidden features of zebrafish fighting strategies. We found strong correlations between the velocity of the attacker and the defender indicating a dynamic matching of approach and avoidance efforts. While velocity matching was ubiquitous, the spatial dynamics of attacks showed phase-specific differences. Contest phase attacks were characterized by a paradoxical sideways attraction of the retreating animal towards the attacker suggesting that the defender combines avoidance maneuvers with display-like maneuvers. Post-resolution attacks lacked display-like features and the the defender was avoidance-focused. From the perspective of the winner, game theory modeling further suggested that highly energetically costly post resolution attacks occurred because the winner was trying to increase its relative dominance over the loser. Overall, the rich structure of zebrafish motor coordination during fighting indicates a greater complexity and layering of strategies than has previously been recognized.
Data from: Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
1. How predation events experienced by preys can shape phenotypic traits through the ontogenetic development of the interacting species should be a key issue in Evolutionary and Conservation Biology. 2. Locomotor performance plays a fundamental role on the fitness of many animals, mainly because it enhances ability to fleeing from predators. Predators represent indeed a capital selective force on prey, mainly because they end prey life. However, predators may also damage prey by other means, such as injuries caused by failed attacks. This damage can severely affect locomotion, among several other aspects of prey fitness. In the case of anuran tadpoles, failed predator attacks often result in injured tails, which reduces swimming performance. However, little is known about lasting effects of those failed attacks on fleeing capabilities after metamorphosis. 3. In this work, we clipped 55% tail length of pre-tail-resorption stage anaesthetized larval Pelobates cultripes toads, and compared metamorph hindlimb length and jump distance with metamorphs resulting from anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized non-clipped controls. Previous findings showed that this treatment produced metamorphs with reduced body condition. 4. Results herein suggest that partial tail loss in tadpoles diminishes jumping performance of resultant metamorphs. This effect is likely a consequence of tail-clipped tadpoles developing shorter hindlimbs as metamorphs, which is parallel to their reduced body condition. 5. Therefore, predator attacks in the tail may be less potentially mortal than those in the head and body, but have costs in terms of an efficient antipredatory response that persist in post-metamorphic stage. This effect might compromise metamorph ability to survive subsequent predator attacks.
FIGURE 5 in Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking aphids feeding on Prunoideae and Maloideae crops in Southeast Europe: aphidiine-aphid-plant associations and key
FIGURE 5. Labial palpi of A. transcaspicus Telenga (female).
FIGURE 1 in Clistopyga caramba sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae), an astonishing example of mimicry in spider-attacking parasitoid wasps
FIGURE 1. Habitus of Clistopyga caramba sp. nov., holotype female, lateral view.
Fig. 1 in First Report of Elephant Beetles in the Genus Xylotrupes Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Attacking Guava
Fig. 1. Extensive damage to guava fruit by Xylotrupes siamensis.
Fig. 2. Xylotrupes siamensis attacking a in First Report of Elephant Beetles in the Genus Xylotrupes Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Attacking Guava
Fig. 2. Xylotrupes siamensis attacking a mature guava fruit, accompanied by drosophilid flies.
FIGURE 7. Erythematous papular lesion that resulted from a S. chicomendesi n in Synopsis of the Neotropical Sclerodermus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of a new species attacking human beings
FIGURE 7. Erythematous papular lesion that resulted from a S. chicomendesi n. sp. sting.
FIGURE 6 in Synopsis of the Neotropical Sclerodermus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of a new species attacking human beings
FIGURE 6. Tricorynus sp., habitus in dorsal view. Scale-bars: 500µm.
FIGURE 7 in Attack on crypsis: Molecular and morphological study of Dendrodoris Ehrenberg 1831 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from the Mediterranean Sea and Northern Atlantic Ocean reinstates Dendrodoris temarana Pruvot-Fol, 1953
FIGURE 7. Geographic distribution of Dendrodoris temarana.
FIGURE 6 in Attack on crypsis: Molecular and morphological study of Dendrodoris Ehrenberg 1831 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from the Mediterranean Sea and Northern Atlantic Ocean reinstates Dendrodoris temarana Pruvot-Fol, 1953
FIGURE 6. Dendrodoris temarana penial hooks.
Dataset: Attack Path Calculation for Software Architectures
<p>Non Anonymous Dataset for Attack Path Calculation for Software Architectures</p>
Data from: Terminal attack trajectories of peregrine falcons are described by the proportional navigation guidance law of missiles
The ability to intercept uncooperative targets is key to many diverse flight behaviors, from courtship to predation. Previous research has looked for simple geometric rules describing the attack trajectories of animals, but the underlying feedback laws have remained obscure. Here, we use GPS loggers and onboard video cameras to study peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus, attacking stationary targets, maneuvering targets, and live prey. We show that the terminal attack trajectories of peregrines are not described by any simple geometric rule as previously claimed, and instead use system identification techniques to fit a phenomenological model of the dynamical system generating the observed trajectories. We find that these trajectories are best—and exceedingly well—modeled by the proportional navigation (PN) guidance law used by most guided missiles. Under this guidance law, turning is commanded at a rate proportional to the angular rate of the line-of-sight between the attacker and its target, with a constant of proportionality (i.e., feedback gain) called the navigation constant (N). Whereas most guided missiles use navigation constants falling on the interval 3 ≤ N ≤ 5, peregrine attack trajectories are best fitted by lower navigation constants (median N < 3). This lower feedback gain is appropriate at the lower flight speed of a biological system, given its presumably higher error and longer delay. This same guidance law could find use in small visually guided drones designed to remove other drones from protected airspace.
Demos of attacks against industrial robots
<p>Demos of attacks against industrial robots.</p>
Dataset: Resistance of cementitious materials to sulfate attack: quantifying performance with a reliable unidirectional approach
<p>The raw data and analysed results with respect to the PhD thesis</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Gallardo FE, Reche VA, Bertolaccini I, Zárate B, Curis C (2017) A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxesta eluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096
GBIF :
Figures 1-4 from: Gallardo FE, Reche VA, Bertolaccini I, Zárate B, Curis C (2017) A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxesta eluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096
Figures 1-4 - Holotype of Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo sp. n. Female. 1 Habitus (lateral view) 2 Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata 3 Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male 4 Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded.
Figures 5-6 from: Gallardo FE, Reche VA, Bertolaccini I, Zárate B, Curis C (2017) A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxesta eluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096
Figures 5-6 - Holotype of Epicoela seminigra Díaz Female. 5 Antenna 6 Scutellar plate (dorsal view).
Figures 4-9 from: Keller S, Hülsewig T (2018) Amended description and new combination for Entomophthora nebriae Raunkiaer, (1893), a little known entomopathogenic fungus attacking the ground beetle Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792). Alpine Entomology 2: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22136
Figures 4-9 4. Rhizoid with dark and sparsely branched ending together with resting spores (LPAO). 5. Cystidium with numerous nuclei (LPAO). 6. Dense layer of conidiophores with developing primary conidia (LPAO). 7. Primary conidia with prominent central vacuole (LPCB). 8. Young resting spores with nuclei (LPAO). 9. Mature resting spores with thick walls and one to several vacuoles depending on the stage of maturation (LPAO).
Figures 1-3 from: Keller S, Hülsewig T (2018) Amended description and new combination for Entomophthora nebriae Raunkiaer, (1893), a little known entomopathogenic fungus attacking the ground beetle Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792). Alpine Entomology 2: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22136
Figures 1-3 1. Nebria brevicollis at an early stage of fungus sporulation. At this stage the beetle is still able to move it's legs and antennae (nat. length of the beetle about 13 mm). 2. Beetle with fully sporulating fungus showing the extremely swollen abdomen. The strong cystidia are clearly visible at the edge of the fungus mass. 3. At the end of the sporulating period the mycelium turns yellowish (Photos: T. Hülsewig).
Three-dimensional FFA-W3 static airfoil data over 360-degree angles of attack
<p>The uploaded files contain data for pressure, viscous and moment forces for 160 flow-through times generated for seven FFA-W3 airfoils between 21% and 50% thickness, and flat plate for 59 angles of attack between -180 and 180 degrees and Reynolds number of 10Million. Results of flow past a right circular cylinder has also been uploaded. The data can be used to extract polars, amplitude of load oscillations, and vortex shedding frequencies.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.