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1,213 results for “biodiversity hotspot”
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Cryptothecia (Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae) from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India
FIGURE 1. Map showing collection site of Cryptothecia panchganiensis (yellow stars) in Panchgani, Maharashtra, India.
Figure 8 in Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) didi sp. n. (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae): expanding the cryptopid biodiversity in a Brazilian hotspot of subterranean fauna
Figure 8. Cryptops (T.) didi sp. n. Paratype (CZUFMT-MY 0541). (a) Tibia and tarsus I of ultimate leg; (b) lateral view of ultimate leg; (c) saw teeth on femur of ultimate leg.
Figure 6 in Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) didi sp. n. (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae): expanding the cryptopid biodiversity in a Brazilian hotspot of subterranean fauna
Figure 6. Cryptops (T.) didi sp. n. Holotype (LES – UFSCAR 0026263). (a) Telopodite of second maxilla (left); (b) pretarsus of leg 10.
Figure 4 in Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) didi sp. n. (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae): expanding the cryptopid biodiversity in a Brazilian hotspot of subterranean fauna
Figure 4. Cryptops (T.) didi sp. n. Holotype (LES – UFSCAR 0026263). (a) Cephalic plate and antenna; (b) tergite 1; (c) ventral view of head; (d) proximal part of antenna and clypeus.
Figure 2 in Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) didi sp. n. (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae): expanding the cryptopid biodiversity in a Brazilian hotspot of subterranean fauna
Figure 2. (a) Entrance of Lage Branca Cave; (b) Lage Branca Cave gallery ('Salão das Dunas'), aphotic zone; (c, d) localities of occurence of Cryptops (T.) didi sp. n. in the aphotic zone of Lage Branca Cave – note the humid clay and rocky microhabitats. Photo 2b: A. Gambarini.
Figure 1 in Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) didi sp. n. (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae): expanding the cryptopid biodiversity in a Brazilian hotspot of subterranean fauna
Figure 1. (a) Geological and distribution map of Cryptops (T.) didi sp. n. in the Upper Ribeira karst area, south-eastern Brazil; (b) view of the Atlantic Rainforest near Lage Branca Cave. Photo: Bruno D. Lenhare.
Figure 5 in Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) didi sp. n. (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae): expanding the cryptopid biodiversity in a Brazilian hotspot of subterranean fauna
Figure 5. Cryptops (T.) didi sp. n. Holotype (LES – UFSCAR 0026263). (a) Tergite 21; (b) sternite 21 and ultimate legs; (c) sternite 4.
Figure 7 in Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) didi sp. n. (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae): expanding the cryptopid biodiversity in a Brazilian hotspot of subterranean fauna
Figure 7. Cryptops (T.) didi sp. n. Holotype (LES – UFSCAR 0026263). (a) Lateral view of leg 12; (b) ultimate legs; (c) ultimate leg showing the length, lateral view; (d) tibia and tarsus 1 showing the saw teeth; (e) tibia showing the 19 saw teeth; (f) tarsus showing the 7 saw teeth.
Data from: Genetic structure and demographic history of the endangered tree species Dysoxylum malabaricum (Meliaceae) in Western Ghats, India: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot
The impact of fragmentation by human activities on genetic diversity of forest trees is an important concern in forest conservation, especially in tropical forests. Dysoxylum malabaricum (white cedar) is an economically important tree species, endemic to the Western Ghats, India, one of the world's eight most important biodiversity hotspots. As D. malabaricum is under pressure of disturbance and fragmentation together with overharvesting, conservation efforts are required in this species. In this study, range-wide genetic structure of twelve D. malabaricum populations was evaluated to assess the impact of human activities on genetic diversity and infer the species' evolutionary history, using both nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA simple sequence repeats (SSR). As genetic diversity and population structure did not differ among seedling, juvenile and adult age classes, reproductive success among the old-growth trees and long distance seed dispersal by hornbills were suggested to contribute to maintain genetic diversity. The fixation index (FIS) was significantly correlated with latitude, with a higher level of inbreeding in the northern populations, possibly reflecting a more severe ecosystem disturbance in those populations. Both nuclear and cpSSRs revealed northern and southern genetic groups with some discordance of their distributions; however, they did not correlate with any of the two geographic gaps known as genetic barriers to animals. Approximate Bayesian computation-based inference from nuclear SSRs suggested that population divergence occurred before the last glacial maximum. Finally we discussed the implications of these results, in particular the presence of a clear pattern of historical genetic subdivision, on conservation policies.
Data from: Who's for dinner? High-throughput sequencing reveals bat diet differentiation in a biodiversity hotspot where prey taxonomy is largely undescribed
Effective management and conservation of biodiversity requires understanding of predator–prey relationships to ensure the continued existence of both predator and prey populations. Gathering dietary data from predatory species, such as insectivorous bats, often presents logistical challenges, further exacerbated in biodiversity hot spots because prey items are highly speciose, yet their taxonomy is largely undescribed. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatic analyses to phylogenetically group DNA sequences into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) to examine predator–prey dynamics of three sympatric insectivorous bat species in the biodiversity hotspot of south-western Australia. We could only assign between 4% and 20% of MOTUs to known genera or species, depending on the method used, underscoring the importance of examining dietary diversity irrespective of taxonomic knowledge in areas lacking a comprehensive genetic reference database. MOTU analysis confirmed that resource partitioning occurred, with dietary divergence positively related to the ecomorphological divergence of the three bat species. We predicted that bat species' diets would converge during times of high energetic requirements, that is, the maternity season for females and the mating season for males. There was an interactive effect of season on female, but not male, bat species' diets, although small sample sizes may have limited our findings. Contrary to our predictions, females of two ecomorphologically similar species showed dietary convergence during the mating season rather than the maternity season. HTS-based approaches can help elucidate complex predator–prey relationships in highly speciose regions, which should facilitate the conservation of biodiversity in genetically uncharacterized areas, such as biodiversity hotspots.
Data from: Post-fire response and genetic diversity in Erica coccinea: connecting population dynamics and diversification in a biodiversity hotspot
Understanding the proceses of biological diversification is a central topic in evolutionary biology. The South African Cape fynbos, one of the major plant biodiversity hotspots out of the tropics, has prompted several hypotheses about the causes of generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Fire has been traditionally invoked as a key element to explain high levels of biodiversity in highly speciose fynbos taxa, such as the genus Erica. In this study, we have implemented a microevolutionary approach to elucidate how plant-response to fire may contribute to explain high levels of diversification in Erica. By using microsatellite markers, we investigated the genetic background of seeder (fire-sensitive) and resprouter (fire-resistant) populations of the fynbos species Erica coccinea. We found higher within-population genetic diversity and higher among-population differentiation in seeder populations and interpreted these higher levels of genetic diversification as a consequence of the comparatively shorter generation times and faster population turnover in the seeder form of this species. Considering that genetic divergence among populations may be seen as the initial step to speciation, the parallelism between these results and the pattern of biodiversity at the genus level offers stimulating insights into understanding causes of speciation of the genus Erica in the Cape fynbos.
FIGURE 1 in Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin
FIGURE 1. Ant sampling distribution (localities) in the state of Pará by data source (A), area of endemism (B), vegetation type (C), protected area (D), roads and rivers (E), and the distribution of exotic ants in 78 records (F). DF = Dense Ombrophilous Forest; OF = Open Ombrophilous Forest; DcF = Seasonal Deciduous Forest; SF = Secondary Forest; PV = Pioneer Vegetation; VR = Refúgio Vegetacional; Sv = Savanna.
FIGURE 4 in Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin
FIGURE 4. Collector's curve based on museum specimens (546 species) and published sources (561 species) for ant species recorded in the state of Pará, Brazil, between 1886 and 2018.
FIGURE 2 in Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin
FIGURE 2. Abundance distribution of site-specific ant species records in the state of Pará. The x-axis is on a logarithmic scale.
FIGURE 3 in Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin
FIGURE 3. Number of ant records in the state of Pará based on museum specimens and published sources over time. Note: 695 of 3,502 site-specific records from published sources did not indicate the collection year; 64 of 4,531 site-specific records from museum specimens did not indicate the collection year.
FIGURE 7 in Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in the Caucasus: Part III. Revision of stygobiont microsnails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Russian part of Western Transcaucasia, with the description of new taxa
FIGURE 7. Schapsugia kudepsta sp. nov. (A–I) and Schapsugia occultata sp. nov. (J–R). A, J—shell, holotype; B, C, K, L—shell; D, M—protoconch, lateral view; E, N, O—protoconch surface sculpture; F—radula; G, P—penis structure; H, I, Q, R—protoconch, apical view. White arrow points to the fin-like edging of the penis. Scale bars: A–C, J–L—500 μm; G, P—250 μm; D, H, I, M, Q, R—100 μm; E, N, O—20 μm; F—10 μm.
FIGURE 5 in Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in the Caucasus: Part III. Revision of stygobiont microsnails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Russian part of Western Transcaucasia, with the description of new taxa
FIGURE 5. The conchological disparity and variety of 'Paladilhiopsis' specimens collected in Krasnoaleksandrovskaya Cave. Scale bar: 500 μm.
FIGURE 4 in Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in the Caucasus: Part III. Revision of stygobiont microsnails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Russian part of Western Transcaucasia, with the description of new taxa
FIGURE 4. Principal component analysis of whorl number and shell measurements of 'Paladilhiopsis' spp. (see Table 2 for data). The first two principal components (PC) combined account for 96.9% of variance (PC1 92.3%, PC2 4.6%, PC3 1.7%). Blue arrow points to a single specimen identified as Paladilhiopsis subovata Starobogatov, 1962.
FIGURE 2 in Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in the Caucasus: Part III. Revision of stygobiont microsnails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Russian part of Western Transcaucasia, with the description of new taxa
FIGURE 2. Shell (A) and protoconch (B) measurements. SH—shell height, SW—shell width, BWH—body whorl height, BWW—body whorl width, SpH—spire height, AH—aperture height, AW—aperture width; DP—diameter of the protoconch, WE—width of the initial non-spiral part of the embryonic shell (according to Anistratenko, 2005), green arrow points to the axial margin of the protoconch.
FIGURE 6 in Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in the Caucasus: Part III. Revision of stygobiont microsnails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Russian part of Western Transcaucasia, with the description of new taxa
FIGURE 6. Schapsugia pulcherrima (A–J) and Tachira valvataeformis (K–R). A, B, K, L—shell; C, M—operculum: inner and outer sides; E, O—radulae; F–H, P—penis structure; D, N—protoconch, lateral view; J, Q—protoconch surface sculpture; I, R—protoconch, apical view. F, G correspond to individuals identified as 'Paladilhiopsis orientalis', H—'P. pulcherrima'. White arrow points to the fin-like edging of the penis. Scale bars: A, B, J, K—500 μm; R—200 μm; F, G, H, K, L—250 μm; C, D, I, M, N—100 μm; E, J, Q—20 μm; O—10 μm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.