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2,390 results for “butterflies”
Figs. 1–6 in To the knowledge of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Henan Province, China: new records and corrigenda
Figs. 1–6. New recorded to Henan Province butterflies. 1 – Ampittia discorides etura, ♂;
Figure 1 in Report of Cosmophasis feeding on butterfly eggs in Queensland (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 1. Sequential (1-9) photographs of a female Cosmophasis sp. feeding on butterfly eggs at Townsville, Queensland. Photographs copyright © Brian Donovan.
Figure 2. Two male Cosmophasis from Townsville. 1 in Report of Cosmophasis feeding on butterfly eggs in Queensland (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)
Figure 2. Two male Cosmophasis from Townsville. 1, This one appears to be a penultimate male C. thalassina. 2, Adult male C. thalassina. The pedipalps are white with black tips. Photographs copyright © Brian Donovan.
Butterflies - Collection of Stanisław Batkowski
Butterflies from the collection of Stanisław Batkowski Stanisław Batkowski (1907–1991) was an employee of the Polish Cable Railways in Zakopane, an electrician-mechanic by education, and a natural scientist and entomologist by passion. During 1962–1988, he donated the largest currently known collection of butterflies from the Tatra, Podhale and Pieniny areas to the Tatra Museum – it contains over 28,000 specimens. It is also the largest collection kept in the Zakopane museum. The presented showcase number one contains 60 butterflies represented by 5 species. Their wingspan, depending on the species, ranges from 5 to 8 cm. **For more images and further information, visit:** https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/1827 Inventory number: Z/620/MT Localisation of the physical object: Tatra Museum in Zakopane, Poland **Digitalisation: Regional Digitalisation Lab, Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków, Poland; "Virtual Museums of Małopolska" Project** Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR061, Late Archaic, Butterfly Bannerstone
Butterfly Bannerstone Late Archaic Glacial Kame Catalog #: P468 Uploaded by Gwyneth Harris Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Gwyneth Harris, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR061, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Butterfly bannerstone
This bannerstone was found in Harnett County (31HT1086), North Carolina and donated to the NC Office of State Archaeology. Bannerstones likely functioned as a weight that would be attached to an atlatl, or spear thrower. It is made out of a grey steatite and measures 100.0 mm by 58.3 mm by 23.9 mm and weighs 122.4 g. The drill hole has a diameter of 11.5-13.3 mm. This model was constructed by David Cranford using 197 photos using Agisoft Metashape software. (Credit: NCDNCR/OSA) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data for "Testing for variation in photoperiodic plasticity in a butterfly: inconsistent effects of circadian genes between geographic scales" (Ecology and Evolution, accepted manuscript)
<p>Raw data and analysis scripts belonging to <em>Testing for variation in photoperiodic plasticity in a butterfly: inconsistent effects of circadian genes between geographic scales</em> (Ecology and Evolution, accepted manuscript).</p> <p>Includes data from a photoperiodic assay with larvae of the speckled wood butterfly, <em>Pararge aegeria</em>, as well as a small bioinformatic analysis of SNP variation in two circadian candidate genes.</p> <p>List of files:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>statistics_and_figures.R</td> <td>Statistical analysis of phenotyping experiment; drawing figures</td> </tr> <tr> <td>variant_calling.sh</td> <td>Shell script for mapping sequencing reads; calling and tabulating SNPs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>experiment_diapause.txt</td> <td>Data from phenotyping experiment, for analysis of diapause induction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>experiment_larval</td> <td>Data from phenotyping experiment, for analysis of larval development</td> </tr> <tr> <td>snptable_timeless</td> <td>Tabulated allele frequencies for exonic SNPs in timeless</td> </tr> <tr> <td>snptable_period</td> <td>Tabulated allele frequencies for exonic SNPs in period</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls
<p>Prey-predator interactions have resulted in the evolution of many anti-predatory traits. One of them is the ability of prey to listen to predators and avoid them. Although prey anti-predatory behavioural responses to predator auditory cues are well described in a wide range of taxa, studies on whether butterflies change their behaviours in response to their predatory calls are lacking. <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies are unpalatable and form Müllerian mimicry rings as morphological defence strategies against their avian predators. Like many other butterflies in the <em>Nymphalidae </em>family, some <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies possess auditory organs, which are hypothesized to assist with predator detection. Here we test whether <em>Heliconius melpomene </em>changes their behaviour in response to their predatory bird calls by observing the behaviour of male and female <em>H. m. plessini </em>exposed to calls of <em>Heliconius</em> avian predators: rufous-tailed jacamar, migratory Eastern kingbird, and resident tropical kingbird. We also exposed them to the calls of the toco toucan, a frugivorous bird as a control bird call, and an amplified greenhouse background noise as a noise control. We found that individuals<em> </em>changed their behaviour in response to Jacamar calls only. Males increased their walking and fluttering behaviour, while females did not change their behaviour during the playback of the jacamar call. Intersexual behaviours like courtship, copulation, and abdomen lifting did not change in response to bird calls. Our findings suggest that despite having primary predatory defences like toxicity and being in a mimicry ring, <em>H. m. plessini </em>butterflies changed their behaviour in response to predator calls. Furthermore, this response was predator-specific, as <em>H. m. plesseni</em> did not respond to either the Eastern kingbird or the tropic kingbird calls. This suggests that <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies may be able to differentiate predatory calls, and potentially the birds associated with those calls.</p>
Data from: Rapoport's rule explains the range size distribution of butterflies along the Eastern Himalayan elevation gradient
<p>Understanding elevational range size distribution of organisms can provide valuable insights on biogeographic pattern of species and their conservation. Rapoport's rule posits that the elevational range size of species increases with increasing elevation. However, the validity of this rule is often questioned due to variations in methodologies across studies and inconsistencies among different groups of organisms. In this study we examined the elevational range size distribution of butterflies in the Eastern Himalaya, and assessed the applicability of Rapoport's rule using different approaches, which perhaps is the first of its kind in the Himalaya. We sampled butterflies along the elevational gradient of 16 elevational bands (300 – 3,300 m) using point count method along the transect. The sampled butterflies were grouped into various sub-groups based on family, biogeographic affinity, and larval feeding pattern. We found that the majority of the butterfly species (total as well as sub-groups) had small range sizes, and their elevational range distribution showed support for the Rapoport's rule. Increase in variation in temperature as measured by temperature seasonality and mean annual temperature range were the most important predictors of range size distribution pattern of the overall butterfly community. However, the relationship between range size and climatic variability differed among various sub-groups implying that the perceived pattern may vary even within the species of the same taxon.</p>
Data from: Local climate change velocities and evolutionary history explain multidirectional range shifts in a North American butterfly assemblage
<p>Species are often expected to shift their distributions either poleward or upslope to evade warming climates and colonize new suitable climatic niches. However, from 18 years of fixed transect monitoring data on 88 species of butterfly in the midwestern United States, we show that butterflies are shifting their centroids in all directions, except towards the region that is warming the fastest (southeast). Butterflies shifted their centroids at a mean rate of 4.87 km yr-1. The rate of centroid shift was significantly associated with local climate change velocity (temperature by precipitation interaction), but not with mean climate change velocity throughout the species' ranges. Species tended to shift their centroids at a faster rate towards regions that are warming at slower velocities but increasing in precipitation velocity. Surprisingly, species' thermal niche breadth (range of climates butterflies experience throughout their distribution) and wingspan (often used as a metric for dispersal capability) were not correlated with the rate at which species shifted their ranges. We observed a high phylogenetic signal in the direction species shifted their centroids. However, we found no phylogenetic signal in the rate species shifted their centroids, suggesting less conserved processes determine the rate of range shift than the direction species shift their ranges. This research shows important signatures of multidirectional range shifts (latitudinal and longitudinal) and uniquely shows that local climate change velocities are more important in driving range shifts than the mean climate change velocity throughout a species' entire range.</p>
Figure 2 in Conservation Note on the Status of the Rare Endemic Marquesan Snout Butterfly, Libythea collenettei
Figure 2. Maps highlighting sampling localities for the three islands visited in February, 2018.
Dataset, R code and metadata for Lim et al., Pattern matters in the aposematic colouration of Papilio polytes butterflies
<p>Dataset, R code and metadata for Lim et al., Pattern matters in the aposematic colouration of Papilio polytes butterflies.</p>
Data from: Oviposition strategies of Pieridae butterflies in nature and the role of an egg-killing plant trait therein
<p>Most herbivorous insects are host-plant specialists that evolved detoxification mechanisms to overcome their host plant's toxins. In the evolutionary arms-races between Pieridae butterflies and Brassicaceae plants, some plant species have evolved another defence against the pierids: egg-killing. Underneath the eggs, leaves develop a so-called hypersensitive response HR-like cell death. Whether some butterflies have evolved oviposition strategies to counter-adapt against egg-killing remains to be studied. In this study, we assessed the oviposition site location of pierid butterflies on their natural host plants. We described the plant tissue on which we located the eggs of the most common Pieridae in the Netherlands: <em>Gonepteryx rhamni, Anthocharis cardamines, Pieris rapae, P. napi, P. brassicae,</em> and<em> P. mannii</em>. Additionally, we assessed expression of HR-like cell death in response to the deposited butterfly eggs. We found that both <em>A. cardamines </em>and <em>G. rhamni </em>mainly oviposited on the floral stem and the branch, respectively, and oviposited on host plants from lineages not expected to express HR in response to pierid eggs. Accordingly, no HR responses were seen. All <em>Pieris</em> eggs found were located on leaves of their host, the only tissue found to express HR-like cell death. Furthermore, each <em>Pieris</em> species was found to at least occasionally oviposit on <em>Brassica nigra</em>. This was the only plant species in this survey that expressed HR-like cell death in response to the eggs of <em>P. rapae, P. napi </em>and <em>P. brassicae</em>. Our observations demonstrate that HR-like cell death remains an effective defence strategy against these <em>Pieris</em> species and as such did not find evidence for the hypothesised counterstrategies. Surveying certain key species and disentangling the micro-evolution of oviposition strategies within a species would allow us to further investigate potential counter-adaptations that evolved against HR-like cell death. This study provides the basis for further investigation of potential counter-adaptations to egg-killing defences.</p>
Figure 6 in Endangered White-spotted Ketsi Blue butterfly, Lepidochrysops ketsi leucomacula, in KwaZulu-Natal
Figure 6. Livestock grazing in the Solomon Gijima Dindikazi Nature Reserve on 9 February 2022.
Data from: Reduced palatability, fast flight, and tails: Decoding the defence arsenal of Eudaminae skipper butterflies in a Neotropical locality
<p>Prey often rely on multiple defences against predators, such as flight speed, attack deflection from vital body parts, or unpleasant taste, but our understanding on how often and why they are co-exhibited remains limited. Eudaminae skipper butterflies use fast flight and mechanical defences (hindwing tails), but whether they use other defences like unpalatability (consumption deterrence), and how these defences interact, has not been assessed.</p> <p>We tested the palatability of 12 abundant Eudaminae species in Peru, using training and feeding experiments with domestic chicks. Further, we approximated the difficulty of capture explained by flight speed and quantified by wing loading. We performed phylogenetic regressions to find any association between multiple defences, body size, and habitat preference.</p> <p>We found a broad range of palatability in Eudaminae, within and among species. Contrary to current understanding, palatability was negatively correlated with wing loading, suggesting that faster butterflies tend to have lower palatability.</p> <p>The relative length of hind wing tails did not explain the level of butterfly palatability, showing that attack deflection and consumption deterrence are not mutually exclusive. Habitat preference (open or forested environments) did not explain the level of palatability either, although butterflies with high wing loading tended to occupy semi-closed or closed habitats.</p> <p>Finally, the level of unpalatability in Eudaminae is size dependent. Larger butterflies are less palatable, perhaps because of higher detectability/preference by predators. Altogether, our findings shed light on the contexts favouring the prevalence of single vs. multiple defensive strategies in prey.</p>
Abundance of butterflies according to elevation, season and habitat in tropical mountain of Costa Rica
<p>The dataset is about a study of the diversity of butterflies in an elevational gradient in Costa Rica during two seasons and in two different habitats.</p>
Data for Disentangling the influence of phylogeny and traits on climatic risk of European butterflies
<p>R code and dataset associated with Gianuca et al. 2024 "Disentangling the influence of phylogeny and traits on climatic risk of European butterflies", Global Ecology and Biogeography.</p> <p>The data includes climatic risks, traits and Phylogenetic eigenvectors.</p> <p>We provide data and metadata including traits, ecological characteristics and climatic risks for different scenarios of climate change and climate tracking scenarios</p> <p>We provide the phylogeny for 496 European species</p> <p>We provide a prunned phylogeny to facilitate the analysis of the species with available information (268 species)</p> <p>We provide the code to run the analysis as described in the main text</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 1 in Contribution to the butterfly species of Belasitsa Mountain (SW Bulgaria) and second record of Gonepteryx cleopatra (Linnaeus, 1767) from Bulgaria
Fig. 1. Map of the Bulgarian section of Belasitsa Mt.
Fig. 2 in Contribution to the butterfly species of Belasitsa Mountain (SW Bulgaria) and second record of Gonepteryx cleopatra (Linnaeus, 1767) from Bulgaria
Fig. 2. Gonepteryx cleopatra, Gabrene Village, 23.06.2013.
Fig. 6 in Early summer aspect of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Republic of Khakassia as examined in 2000, with some additional data
Fig. 6. The Uybat River valley Рис. 6. ÀоΛина р. Уйбат
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.