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1,070 results for “dung beetle”
Figure 3 in Nesting behaviour of Canthon unicolor and C. histrio: a new subsocial nesting variation in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Deltochilini)
Figure 3. Brood balls of Canthon unicolor and C. histrio. A) View of the brood ball of C. unicolor coated with the external shield layer, B) Internal morphology of the brood ball of C. unicolor and its external shield layer, C) Brood ball of C. histrio coated with the external shield layer, D) Internal morphology of the brood ball of C. histrio and its external shield layer. Measures: a) total height, b) total equatorial diameter, c) thickness of the shield layer, d) height of brood ball, e) equatorial diameter of brood ball, f) thickness of brood ball layer, g) height of protuberance, h) diameter of protuberance, i) diameter of provision chamber. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 2 in Nesting behaviour of Canthon unicolor and C. histrio: a new subsocial nesting variation in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Deltochilini)
Figure 2. Nests of Canthon unicolor and C. histrio. A) Male and female of C. unicolor near to brood ball, B) Nest of C. histrio with the female covering their brood ball with the shield layer.
Figure 1 in Nesting behaviour of Canthon unicolor and C. histrio: a new subsocial nesting variation in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Deltochilini)
Figure 1. Nesting behaviour of Canthon unicolor and C. histrio. Cycle repeated. In grey, the new phases of the variation of the nesting pattern IV. Comma indicates no cooperation required between sexes; i.e. the activity in question may be performed by either the female or the male alone; addition symbol between the sexes indicates cooperation required; parentheses indicates obligatory activity for females with optional cooperation by male.
FIGURE 3 in An unexpected new flightless dung beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Endroedyolini) from the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa
FIGURE 3: The type locality of Silvaphilus joselmae Daniel, Strümpher & Deschodt, new species. Photo by W.P. Strümpher, 9. viii. 2021.
FIGURE 2 in An unexpected new flightless dung beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Endroedyolini) from the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa
FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Silvaphilus joselmae Daniel, Strümpher & Deschodt, new species. In green, the limited extent of the Fynbos riparian vegetation following the valleys in the Cederberg Mountains as shown by Mucina & Rutherford (2006).
FIGURES 1A–F in An unexpected new flightless dung beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Endroedyolini) from the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa
FIGURES 1A–F. Silvaphilus joselmae Daniel, Strümpher & Deschodt, new species, holotype (TMSA). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, pygidium; D, elytron, lateral view; E, aedeagus (paratype), lateral and dorsal views; F, holotype labels.
Dung beetles maintain phylogenetic divergence but functional convergence across a highly fragmented tropical landscape
<p>Understanding how human-modified landscapes affect the phylogenetic composition and assembly mechanisms of biological communities is critical for effectively managing and restoring tropical ecosystems. We evaluated how forest coverage loss, fragmentation, and landscape heterogeneity affect the phylogenetic diversity of dung beetles and their assembly mechanisms in Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, a protected but highly fragmented tropical landscape. We calculated Faith's phylogenetic diversity, mean pairwise phylogenetic distance, and mean nearest taxon distance for 5,388 individuals in 36 species. The standardised effect sizes of these metrics were estimated to control their correlation with species richness. Phylogenetic diversity was also assessed separately for each dung beetle functional group. Finally, we compared the mean functional and phylogenetic pairwise distance and mean nearest taxon distance and measured the phylogenetic signal among dung beetle functional traits to determine the influence of niche conservatism on the phylogenetic structure of species assemblages. Faith's phylogenetic diversity of dung beetles was positively correlated with forest coverage, while their mean phylogenetic and nearest taxon distance values decreased with increasing landscape fragmentation. Necrophagous beetles and forest specialists responded most negatively to forest coverage loss and fragmentation. Alpha and beta diversity values showed phylogenetic overdispersion but functional convergence and weak phylogenetic signals in their functional traits, suggesting low niche conservatism. Landscapes with moderate forest coverage (≥ 40%) favoured higher phylogenetic beta diversity, whereas phylogenetic and functional beta diversity decreased significantly in landscapes with low forest coverage (< 30%).</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> Forest habitats in fragmented landscapes are essential for safeguarding the evolutionary history of dung beetles, reducing biotic homogenisation processes by favouring phylogenetic overdispersion and complementarity between sites. Therefore, to secure the phylogenetic diversity of dung beetles within fragmented tropical reserves, we recommend protecting the existing forests, preventing further fragmentation of continuous forest areas, and increasing matrix quality by implementing biodiversity-friendly production systems. Finally, managers should consider assessing different functional groups in other species, as their response to landscape disturbance may not be phylogenetically similar. The above will allow more effective management practices to protect the species most susceptible to disturbances.</p>
FIGURES 1–5 in Woody plant communities of southern South Africa and new distribution records for the rare dung beetle species Sarophorus punctatus Frolov & Scholtz, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 1–5. Sarophorus punctatus Frolov & Scholtz, 2003 (TMSA). 1, male, dorsal view; 2, female, dorsal view; 3, aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views; 4, specimen labels; 5, distribution of S. punctatus (yellow circles; circle with black point indicates type locality - "Keurboomstrand").
Evolutionary and plastic variation in larval growth and digestion reveal the complex underpinnings of size and age at maturation in dung beetles
<p>Age and size at maturity are key life history components, yet the proximate underpinnings that mediate intra- and interspecific variation in life history remain poorly understood. We studied the proximate underpinnings of species differences and nutritionally plastic variation in adult size and development time in four species of dung beetles. Specifically, we investigated how variation in insect growth mediates adult size variation, tested whether fast juvenile growth trades-off with developmental stability in adult morphology, and quantified plastic responses of digestive systems to variation in food quality. Contrary to the common size-development time trade-off, the largest species exhibited by far the shortest development time. Correspondingly, species diverged strongly in the shape of growth trajectories. Nutritionally plastic adjustments to growth were qualitatively similar between species but differed in magnitude. Although we expected rapid growth to induce developmental costs, neither instantaneous growth rates nor the duration of larval growth were related to developmental stability in the adult. This renders the putative costs of rapid growth enigmatic. We further found that larvae that encounter a challenging diet develop a larger midgut and digest more slowly than animals reared on a more nutritious diet. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that larvae invest into a more effective digestive system when exposed to low-quality nutrition, but suggest that species may diverge readily in their reliance on these mechanisms. More generally, our data highlight the complex, and often hidden, relationships between immature growth and age and size at maturation even in ecologically similar species.</p>
FIGURE 21 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 21. Morphology of Parachorius schuelkei. (A) aedeagus, lateral view (paratype). (B) aedeagus, lateral view (holotype). (C) aedeagus lateral view. (D) habitus (male, holotype). (E) habitus (female, paratype). (F) protibia (female, paratype). (G) left metafemur (male, holotype).
FIGURE 16 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 16. Morphology of Parachorius maruyamai according to Masumoto et al. (2012). (A) habitus (male, holotype). (B) head and pronotum (dorsal view, scale 1 mm). (C) left metafemur (male). (D) aedeagus.
FIGURE 15 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 15. Morphology of Parachorius longipenis. (A) aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, Vietnam). (B) aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, Thailnd). (C) aedeagus, lateral view (paratype, Laos) (D) aedeagus, lateral view (holotype) (E) aedeagus. (F) habitus (male, holotype). (G) right metafemur (male, holotype). (H) right metafemur (male, paratype, Vietnam). (I) right metafemur (male, paratype, Thailand). (J) left protibia (flipped from original, male, holotype). (K) protibia (female, paratype, Laos).
FIGURE 13 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 13. Morphology of Parachorius humeralis. (A–B) aedeagus (Darjeeling). (C) aedeagus. (D) habitus (male, holotype). (E) habitus (male). (F–H) right metafemur (male). (I) protibia (female). (J) protibia (male).
FIGURE 11 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 11. Morphology of Parachorius gotoi. (A, C) aedeagus. (B) left metafemur (male). (D) protibia (male). (E) habitus (male).
FIGURE 18 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 18. Morphology of Parachorius nudus. (A, C) aedeagus, right lateral view (holotype). (B, D) aedeagus, left lateral view (holotype). (E) protibia (male, holotype). (F) habitus (male, holotype).
FIGURE 10 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 10. Morphology of Parachorius globosus. (A–C) aedeagus. (D) habitus (male). (E) habitus (female, holotype). (F) disc of left elytron. (G) protibia (female)
FIGURE 9 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 9. Morphology of Parachorius fungorum. (A–C, G) aedeagus, lateral view. (D) habitus (male). (E-F) left metafemur (male).
FIGURE 24 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 24. Morphology of Parachorius thomsoni. (A) aedeagus, lateral view (P. thomsoni holotype, male) (B) aedeagus, lateral view (P. lannathai, holotype, male). (C–D) aedeagus, lateral view. (E) left metafemur (P. lannathai, holotype, male). (F) disc of left elytron (G) habitus (P. lannathai, holotype, male). (H) habitus (P. thomsoni, holotype, male).
FIGURE 17 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 17. Morphology of Parachorius newthayerae. (A) aedeagus lateral view (paratype). (B) aedeagus lateral view. (C) habitus (male, paratype). (D) left metafemur (male, paratype). (E, G) propleuron (female). (F) propleuron (male, paratype).
FIGURE 5 in A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data
FIGURE 5. Diversity of aedeagal parameres in Parachorius. (A) Parachorius fungorum. (B) Parachorius hookeri. (C) Parachorius schuelkei. (D) Parachorius thomsoni. (E) Parachorius globosus. (F) Parachorius newthayerae. (G) Parachorius bolavensis. (H) Parachorius fukiensis. (I) Parachorius nudus. (J) Parachorius peninsularis. (K) Parachorius pseudojavanus. (L) Parachorius javanus. (M) Parachorius solodovnikovi. (N) Parachorius longipenis. (O) Parachorius humeralis. (P) Parachorius semsanganus. (Q) Parachorius gotoi.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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