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2,291 results for “life history”
Do highly anthropized hydrological conditions in marshes influence fish communities according to their life‐history strategies?
AbstractAlterations of natural hydrology in aquatic ecosystems are known to strongly impact the community composition of different taxa. Surprisingly, literature on the potential influence of hydrology on fish community composition is still very scarce in agricultural marshes, where canals represent one of the few remaining aquatic habitats. This study is aimed to address this research gap by monitoring fish communities in independent hydrological units differing in hydrology management over a 6 years period. We predicted variable fish responses to the hydrological context according to different life‐history strategies (opportunistic, equilibrium, or periodic species). Periodic and opportunistic species were the most frequently observed. Despite differences in hydrology between canals (but little variation over years), we found that hydrology explained only a very low proportion of variation in the composition of fish communities. In particular, the flooding duration of meadows in early spring did not influence the composition of fish communities, not even the abundance of periodic species expected to rely on such temporary habitats. Instead, fish communities were more influenced by local habitat variables (aquatic vegetation cover, turbidity, tree roots, and refuges under the canal banks). The hydrological management of most hydrological units for agricultural purposes (i.e., severe flood abatement in spring and shallow water depth in canals in summer) was found to be incompatible with conservation goals to promote more diverse fish communities between hydrological units. Therefore, we call for further investigations in similar habitats covering a larger range of hydrological conditions.
Divergent life history strategies in congeneric hyperparasitoids
<p>Datasets on realized lifetime fecundity and resting metabolic rate for the geline hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) Gelis agilis, Gelis acarorum, and Gelis areator. </p>
Figure 3 in Contribution to the life history and morphology of the water mitePanisellus thienemanni (Acari, Hydrachnidia: Hydryphantidae)
Figure 3 Records ofP. thienemanniin the Netherlands.
Figure 2 in Contribution to the life history and morphology of the water mitePanisellus thienemanni (Acari, Hydrachnidia: Hydryphantidae)
Figure 2 The springtail Tomocerus minor with unengorged larvae of P. thienemanni. Larvae typi-
Figure 1 in Contribution to the life history and morphology of the water mitePanisellus thienemanni (Acari, Hydrachnidia: Hydryphantidae)
Figure 1 Dorsal view of an adult of Panisellus thienemannishowing the characteristic arrangement
Data for: Aspects of distribution, abundance, habitat, and life history of the Caddo Madtom (Noturus taylori), a narrow endemic of the Ouachita Highlands
<p>The Caddo Madtom, <em>Noturus</em> <em>taylori</em>, is a small catfish endemic to the Ouachita Mountain ecoregion in Arkansas, with habitat altered by land use practices and reservoir dams. We examined aspects of distribution, abundance, habitat, and life history of <em>N. taylori</em> during seasonal sampling from winter 2016 through fall 2017. Our sampling data were concordant with previous studies that suggested <em>N. taylori</em> is more widespread and has higher catch per unit effort in the Caddo River drainage when compared to the upper Ouachita River drainage. We did not detect <em>N. taylori</em> in the Little Missouri River drainage, where it is presumed extirpated. A total of 370 individuals ranging from 14–76 mm (mean = 45.1 mm) standard length (SL) were collected during seasonal samples. Length-frequency analyses estimated a maximum age of 3 years for <em>N. taylori</em>, and we identified three discernable age classes with the emergence of young-of-year (age 0 cohort) in summer: age 0 (up to ~40 mm SL); age 1 (~41–60 mm SL); and age 2+ (>60 mm SL). Sites where <em>N. taylori</em> was captured had an average depth of 20.6 cm, an average base velocity of 0.18 m/sec, and were dominated primarily by a mix of gravel, pebble, and cobble. Despite the relatively higher abundances of <em>N. taylori</em> in the Caddo River, we recommend that long-term, periodic monitoring of <em>N. taylori</em> would be an important conservation tool to assess potential future changes in distribution, habitat, occurrence, and abundance. Future studies that implement occupancy and habitat suitability modeling are needed to better understand suitable and preferred habitat of <em>N. taylori</em>.</p>
Datasets and R script to replicate the statistical analyses from the article entitled Multiple hosts, multiple impacts: the role of vertebrate host diversity in shaping mosquito life history and pathogen transmission
<p>Datasets and R script to replicate the statistical analyses from the article entitled " Multiple hosts, multiple impacts: the role of vertebrate host diversity in shaping mosquito life history and pathogen transmission " by Vantaux A., Moiroux N., Dabire K. R., Cohuet A., Lefevre T. 2023</p>
Ecological and life-history traits predict temporal trends in biomass of boreal moths
<p> Dramatic insect declines, and their consequences for ecosystems globally, have received considerable attention recently. Yet, it is still poorly known if ecological and life-history traits can explain declines and whether insect decline occurs also at high latitudes. Insects' diversity and abundance are dramatically lower at high latitudes compared to the tropics, and insects might benefit from climate warming in high-latitude environments. </p> <p>We adopted a trait- and biomass-based approach to estimate temporal change between 1993 and 2019 in Finnish macro-moth communities by using data from 85 long-running light traps. We analysed spatio-temporal variation in biomass of moth functional groups with Joint Dynamic Species Distribution Models while accounting for environmental variables. </p> <p>We did not detect any declining trends in total moth biomass of moth functional groups, and most groups were stable over time. Moreover, biomass increased for species using coniferous trees, lichens, or mushrooms as hosts, multivoltine species, as well as monophagous and oligophagous species feeding on trees. We found that length and temperature of the growing season, winter climatic conditions, and habitat structure all partially explained variation in moth biomass.</p> <p>Although boreal moth communities are rapidly changing due to species turnover, in terms of total biomass they seem to contradict the trend of dramatic insect declines observed globally. This may lessen the immediate possibility of negative bottom-up trophic cascades in boreal food webs.</p>
Data from: Individual life histories: Neither slow nor fast, just diverse
<p><span>The slow-fast continuum is known to structure variation in life-history strategies across species. Within populations, it is also assumed to structure individual life histories, yet evidence of its existence remains unclear. We formally assessed the presence of a slow-fast continuum of life histories both within populations and across species using detailed individual-based data for 17 bird and mammal species with contrasting life histories. We estimated adult lifespan, age at first reproduction, breeding frequency and fecundity, and identified the main axes of variation using Principal Component Analyses. The slow-fast continuum was the main axis of life-history variation across species, but within populations individual variation did not follow the slow-fast continuum in any species. This suggests that individual life histories are neither slow nor fast, but rather follow an idiosyncratic pattern across species because of relative differences in the importance of processes such as stochasticity, density dependence, and variation in individual performance.</span></p>
Reproductive phenology is a repeatable, heritable trait linked to the timing of other life history events in a migratory marine predator
<p>Population-level shifts in reproductive phenology in response to environmental change are common, but whether individual-level responses are modified by demographic and genetic factors remains less well understood. We used mixed models to quantify how reproductive timing varied across 1,755 female southern elephant seals (<em>Mirounga</em> <em>leonina</em>) breeding at Marion Island in the Southern Ocean (1989–2019) and to identify the factors that correlate with phenological shifts within- and between individuals. We found strong support for covariation in the timing of breeding arrival dates and the timing of the preceding moult. Breeding arrival dates were more repeatable at the individual-level, as compared to the population-level, even after accounting for individual traits (wean date as a pup, age and breeding experience) associated with phenological variability. Mother-daughter similarities in breeding phenology were also evident, indicating that additive genetic effects may contribute to between-individual variation in breeding phenology. Over 30 years, elephant seal phenology did not change towards earlier or later dates, and we found no correlation between annual fluctuations in phenology and indices of environmental variation. Our results show how maternal genetic (or non-genetic) effects, individual traits and linkages between cyclical life-history events can drive within- and between-individual variation in reproductive phenology.</p>
Voltinism and life-history traits of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on corn
<p>Voltinism and life-history traits of the invasive fall armyworm (FAW) <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> were investigated under semi-natural conditions for a period of two years. The FAW invaded the corn field in the suburbs of Nanchang (28° 46′ N, 115° 50′ E) in early summer and produced six complete generations. The FAW had the characteristics of short developmental time, high survival rates and strong fecundity. The development time of female pupae was significantly faster than that of male pupae, resulting in the emergence of female pupae earlier than male pupae. Except for the sixth generation in 2021, there was no significant difference between female and male sex ratio, which was close to 1:1. The FAW showed male-bias sexual size dimorphism with male pupae being significantly larger than female pupae. Unlike pupal weight, in most generations, male adult weighed significantly less than females, because the weight loss of male pupae during metamorphosis was significantly greater than that of female pupae. The seasonal variation of pupal weight did not conform to the temperature–size rule. Compared with 22.8 °C, the 29.2 °C high temperature not only significantly reduced the development time of larvae but also significantly increased pupal weight. The adult fecundity feeding on fresh corn leaves was higher than that feeding on live corn plants in most generations. In most generations, pupal weight was positively correlated with larval development time and adult weight was positively correlated with fecundity. These results add to the understanding of the evolution of life-history traits in the FAW and may have important implications for predicting population dynamics of the FAW and optimizing control strategies.</p>
The impact of helping experience on helper life-history and fitness in a cooperatively breeding bird
<p>The data and accompanying .R scripts were used to test whether having experience as a helper affected a number of different breeding and fitness related parameters in the Seychelles warbler (<em>Acrocephalus sechellensis</em>) in the paper "The impact of helping experience on helper life-history and fitness in a cooperatively breeding bird." </p> <p><strong>Datasets</strong><br><em>statusInfo.xlsx</em>: data collected over a focal individual's lifetime. <br><em>natalInfo.xlsx</em>: data pertaining to the natal environment of the focal bird. <br><em>lastSeen.xlsx</em>: data used to calculate when the bird was last seen alive. <br><em>summerIndex.xlsx</em>: data used to determine whether a particular field period was during a summer or winter season.<br><em>territoryQuality.xlsx</em>: data used to determine the territory quality of each territory during a particular field period.</p> <p><strong>Statistical analyses </strong><br><em>experiencePrep.R</em>: the script used to prepare the data and calculate the necessary model variables prior to running the analyses. <br><em>experienceAnalyses.R</em>: the script used to run the analyses and generate the related graphs. </p> <p>More detailed information regarding the contents of each dataset can be found in the READ.ME</p> <p>From this, we found that helping experience had no significant association with any of the metrics considered, except that individuals with helping experience had an older age at first dominance, and dominant females with helping experience had longer lifespans than those that had never helped. In addition, we found that females with co-breeding experience produced more adult offspring (≥1 year old) after acquiring dominance, and had a higher lifetime reproductive success than females that had never co-bred.</p>
Figure 1 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 1 Male Tibicen dorsatus, Harvey Co., KS.
Figure 2 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 2 Female Emblemasoma erro, Ellsworth Co., KS.
Figure 7 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 7 The distribution of parasitoid loads (larvae per host) of infected cicadas in the field.
Data from: Evolution of cold tolerance and thermal plasticity in life history, behaviour and physiology during a poleward range expansion
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Data from: Interacting effects of genetic variation for seed dormancy and flowering time on phenology, life history, and fitness of experimental Arabidopsis thaliana populations over multiple generations in the field
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Data from: Life history changes associated with over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size in Drosophila
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Data from: The invasive plant Solidago canadensis exhibits partial local adaptation to low salinity at germination but not at later life‐history stages
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Improving estimations of life history parameters of small animals in mesocosm experiments: A case study on mosquitoes
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