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Text-fig. 8. Line drawings of third molars from the upper part of the Nagri Formation; 8a–b and 8e–g are referred to Karnimata fejfari, 8c and 8h are referred to Progonomys hussaini, and 8d represents Progonomys morganae. a) left m3 YGSP 34573, b) right m3 YGSP 34568, c) right m3 YGSP 34574, d) left M3 YGSP 34033 from Y 259, e) right M3 YGSP 34595, f) right M3 YGSP 34596, g) right M3 YGSP 33197 from Y 450, h) right M3 YGSP 34597. All teeth drawn to same scale, anterior is upward; black shading represents dentine exposed by wear; hatching on 8d represents breakage. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 8. Line drawings of third molars from the upper part of the Nagri Formation; 8a–b and 8e–g are referred to Karnimata fejfari, 8c and 8h are referred to Progonomys hussaini, and 8d represents Progonomys morganae. a) left m3 YGSP 34573, b) right m3 YGSP 34568, c) right m3 YGSP 34574, d) left M3 YGSP 34033 from Y 259, e) right M3 YGSP 34595, f) right M3 YGSP 34596, g) right M3 YGSP 33197 from Y 450, h) right M3 YGSP 34597. All teeth drawn to same scale, anterior is upward; black shading represents dentine exposed by wear; hatching on 8d represents breakage.

Text-fig. 7. Molars referred to Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from type locality Y 311. Right M2, a) YGSP 34588 and b) 54187, buccal upward. Lower teeth c) YGSP 34528 and d) 36166 both left m1, and e) 36170 and f) 54176, left and right m2; c–f figured lingual side upward. All teeth same scale. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 7. Molars referred to Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from type locality Y 311. Right M2, a) YGSP 34588 and b) 54187, buccal upward. Lower teeth c) YGSP 34528 and d) 36166 both left m1, and e) 36170 and f) 54176, left and right m2; c–f figured lingual side upward. All teeth same scale.

Text-fig. 2. First upper molar variation in Progonomys husssaini from three localities in the upper part of the Nagri Formation, Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. The 12 molars are oriented with buccal side upward, each at the same 1 mm scale, making size variation apparent. a) YGSP 33187 from locality Y 450; b) 34556, c) 54131, d) 54143, e) 54151, f) 54152, all from Y 311; g) 33937, h) 33947, i) 33957, j) 33959, k) 33963, l) 33976 all from Y 259. Figures a, c, e, f, h, k are all right M1; the others are left M1. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 2. First upper molar variation in Progonomys husssaini from three localities in the upper part of the Nagri Formation, Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. The 12 molars are oriented with buccal side upward, each at the same 1 mm scale, making size variation apparent. a) YGSP 33187 from locality Y 450; b) 34556, c) 54131, d) 54143, e) 54151, f) 54152, all from Y 311; g) 33937, h) 33947, i) 33957, j) 33959, k) 33963, l) 33976 all from Y 259. Figures a, c, e, f, h, k are all right M1; the others are left M1.

Text-fig. 10. List of Siwalik murine rodents. a) Stratigraphic occurrence of fossil localities of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. b) Murine species recovered from the Siwaliks, updated from Kimura et al. (2015). All localities but DP 13 have Y as prefix. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 10. List of Siwalik murine rodents. a) Stratigraphic occurrence of fossil localities of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. b) Murine species recovered from the Siwaliks, updated from Kimura et al. (2015). All localities but DP 13 have Y as prefix.

Text-fig. 1. Line drawings of idealized murine left first molars, M1 above (a) and m1 below (b). Standard Cope-Osborn terminology is used for the cusps, with equivalent t1 to t12 terminology and specialized cingulum cusp names for m1. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 1. Line drawings of idealized murine left first molars, M1 above (a) and m1 below (b). Standard Cope-Osborn terminology is used for the cusps, with equivalent t1 to t12 terminology and specialized cingulum cusp names for m1.

Text-fig. 9. First upper molars of Parapodemus badgleyae sp. nov. (a–d) and Muridae, gen. et sp. indet. (e). a) YGSP 33936, holotype, locality Y 259, b) 33939 from Y 259, c) 34542 from Y 311, d) 34543 from Y 311, e) 34559 from Y 311. All molars but c are left molars, all figured with buccal side upward and at the same scale. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 9. First upper molars of Parapodemus badgleyae sp. nov. (a–d) and Muridae, gen. et sp. indet. (e). a) YGSP 33936, holotype, locality Y 259, b) 33939 from Y 259, c) 34542 from Y 311, d) 34543 from Y 311, e) 34559 from Y 311. All molars but c are left molars, all figured with buccal side upward and at the same scale.

Text-fig. 4. First upper molars of Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from type locality Y 311, all figured with buccal side upward. a) YGSP 34551, b) 34544, c) 34546 holotype, d) 34548, e) 34540, f) 34547, g) 34554, h) 36162, i) 54126, j) 54127, k) 54147, l) 54153. All at same 1 mm scale, all left M1 except for right h and l. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 4. First upper molars of Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from type locality Y 311, all figured with buccal side upward. a) YGSP 34551, b) 34544, c) 34546 holotype, d) 34548, e) 34540, f) 34547, g) 34554, h) 36162, i) 54126, j) 54127, k) 54147, l) 54153. All at same 1 mm scale, all left M1 except for right h and l.

Text-fig. 5. First upper molars of Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from localities Y 450 (a–d) and Y 259 (e–l). a) YGSP 33181, b) 33182, c) 33185, d) 33186, e) 33945, f) 33940, g) 33948, h) 33958, i) 33960, j) 33946, k) 33967, l) 33973. Figured at same scale, buccal upward, all right M1 except for left f, g, j, l. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 5. First upper molars of Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from localities Y 450 (a–d) and Y 259 (e–l). a) YGSP 33181, b) 33182, c) 33185, d) 33186, e) 33945, f) 33940, g) 33948, h) 33958, i) 33960, j) 33946, k) 33967, l) 33973. Figured at same scale, buccal upward, all right M1 except for left f, g, j, l.

Text-fig. 6. Scatter diagram of length and width of M1 specimens in Progonomys hussaini and Karnimata fejfari from localities Y 259, 450, 311. The solid line ellipse is a 55% concentration ellipse for P. hussaini, and the dashed ellipse is a 55% concentration ellipse for Karnimata fejfari, all specimens combined. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 6. Scatter diagram of length and width of M1 specimens in Progonomys hussaini and Karnimata fejfari from localities Y 259, 450, 311. The solid line ellipse is a 55% concentration ellipse for P. hussaini, and the dashed ellipse is a 55% concentration ellipse for Karnimata fejfari, all specimens combined.

Figures 189–196. Vatellus wheeleri. 189 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 189–196. Vatellus wheeleri. 189, dorsal habitus; 190, elytral sculpture in area indicated on habitus by dotted square; 191, medial portion of metacoxae; 192, metatrochanter and metafemur, anterior aspect; 193–194, tarsomeres, dorsal aspect; 193, male; 194, female, A, protarsus; B, mesotarsus; 195, sternum VI, ventral aspect; 196, speleum abdominal sterna V, VI, dorsal aspect.

Figures 169–173. Vatellus lateralis. 169–171 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 169–173. Vatellus lateralis. 169–171, male genitalia; 169, right lateral lobe, lateral aspect; 170, median lobe, right lateral aspect; 171, median lobe, ventral aspect; 172–173, female genitalia; 172, ventral aspect; 173, spermatheca and associated structures, dorsal aspect.

Figures 211–215. Vatellus perforatus. 211–213 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 211–215. Vatellus perforatus. 211–213, male genitalia; 211, right lateral lobe, lateral aspect; 212, median lobe, right lateral aspect; 213, median lobe, ventral aspect; 214–215, female genitalia; 214, ventral aspect; 215, spermatheca and associated structures, dorsal aspect.

Figures 267–273. Vatellus grandis. 267–268 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 267–273. Vatellus grandis. 267–268, metatrochanter and metafemur, anterior aspect; 267, in flexion; 268, in extension; 269–271, male genitalia; 269, median lobe, right lateral aspect; 270, median lobe, ventral aspect; 271, right lateral lobe, lateral aspect; 272–273, female genitalia; 272, ventral aspect; 273, spermatheca and associated structures, dorsal aspect.

Figures 298–305. Vatellus amae. 298 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 298–305. Vatellus amae. 298, dorsal habitus; 299, elytral sculpture in area indicated on habitus by dotted square; 300, medial portion of metacoxae; 301, metatrochanter and metafemur, anterior aspect; 302–303, tarsomeres, dorsal aspect; 302, male; 303, female, A, protarsus; B, mesotarsus; 304, sternum VI, ventral aspect; 305, speleum abdominal sterna V, VI, dorsal aspect.

Figures 238–244. Vatellus annae. 238–242 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 238–244. Vatellus annae. 238–242, male genitalia; 238, right lateral lobe, lateral aspect; 239, median lobe, right lateral aspect; 240, median lobe, ventral aspect; 241, apex of median lobe, ventral aspect; 242, apex of median lobe, right lateral aspect; 243–244, female genitalia; 243, ventral aspect; 244, spermatheca and associated structures, dorsal aspect.

Figures 155–160. Vatellus maculosus. 155–158 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 155–160. Vatellus maculosus. 155–158, male genitalia; 155, median lobe, right lateral aspect; 156, median lobe, ventral aspect; 157, right lateral lobe, lateral aspect; 158, apex of median lobe, ventral aspect; 159–160, female genitalia; 159, ventral aspect; 160, spermatheca and associated structures, dorsal aspect.

Figures 259–266. Vatellus grandis. 259 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 259–266. Vatellus grandis. 259, dorsal habitus; 260, elytral sculpture in area indicated on habitus by dotted square; 261, medial portion of metacoxae; 262, left half of pronotum, dorsal aspect; 263–264, tarsomeres, dorsal aspect; 263, male; 264, female, A, protarsus; B, mesotarsus; 265, sternum VI, ventral aspect; 266, speleum abdominal sterna V, VI, dorsal aspect.

Figures 147–154. Vatellus maculosus. 147 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 147–154. Vatellus maculosus. 147, dorsal habitus; 148, elytral sculpture in area indicated on habitus by dotted square; 149, medial portion of metacoxae; 150, metatrochanter and metafemur, anterior aspect; 151–152, tarsomeres, dorsal aspect; 151, male; 152, female, A, protarsus; B, mesotarsus; 153, sternum VI, ventral aspect; 154, speleum abdominal sterna V, VI, dorsal aspect.

Figures 131–138. Vatellus mexicanus. 131 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 131–138. Vatellus mexicanus. 131, dorsal habitus; 132, elytral sculpture in area indicated on habitus by dotted square; 133, medial portion of metacoxae; 134, metatrochanter and metafemur, anterior aspect; 135–136, tarsomeres, dorsal aspect; 135, male; 136, female, A, protarsus; B, mesotarsus; 137, sternum VI, ventral aspect; 138, speleum abdominal sterna V, VI, dorsal aspect.

Figures 125–130. Vatellus sahlbergi. 125–128 in Revision of the New World and south-east Asian Vatellini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe

Figures 125–130. Vatellus sahlbergi. 125–128, male genitalia; 125, median lobe, right lateral aspect; 126, median lobe, ventral aspect; 127, right lateral lobe, lateral aspect; 128, apex of median lobe, ventral aspect; 129–130, female genitalia; 129, ventral aspect; 130, spermatheca and associated structures, dorsal aspect.