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1,456 results for “parallelism”
Figure 5 in Parallel evolution of toepads in rock-dwelling lineages of a terrestrial gecko (Gekkota: Gekkonidae: Heteronotia binoei)
Figure 5. Ancestral state reconstruction of size-adjusted terminal scale width. Trait values (depicted by the colour scale) at the tips represent the mean size-adjusted scale widths for each lineage. Colour bars at each node represent 95% confidence intervals for the ancestral state reconstruction. Habitat use (ecology) is indicated by shape (EA6 is marked as both generalist and terrestrial, see Results). The reconstruction shows that the Paluma-W lineage and the clade containing CC, MI, and Paluma-E have independently evolved enlarged terminal subdigital scales. Note that the low relative scale width of MI (relative to the other saxicoline lineages), is mainly driven by their large SVL (see Fig. 4).
Figure 1 in Parallel evolution of toepads in rock-dwelling lineages of a terrestrial gecko (Gekkota: Gekkonidae: Heteronotia binoei)
Figure 1. Relationships and distributions of Heteronotia binoei lineages used in this study. A, maximum likelihood phylogeny of the relevant lineages inferred from ND2 sequences using RAxML, with bootstrap support values shown (see Supporting Information, Fig. S2 for the full H. binoei phylogeny). Circles denote terrestrial or generalist lineages, while triangles denote saxicoline lineages. Lineages without accompanying symbols are not displayed on the adjacent map (B), and the CQ lineage (*) was not included for morphological analysis. B, distributions of the focal lineages in north-eastern Queensland, with symbols and colours matching the adjacent phylogeny (A). C, an individual of the CC lineage on a granite boulder. D, subdigital view on the right hindfoot (pes) of the generalist EA6 lineage, and E, the saxicoline MI lineage.
Figure 2 in Parallel evolution of toepads in rock-dwelling lineages of a terrestrial gecko (Gekkota: Gekkonidae: Heteronotia binoei)
Figure 2. Examples of micro-ornamentation classifications used in this study. A, short, unbranched spinules with pointed tips on the mid-distal (MD) scales of EA6. B, flattened tips (indicated by black arrows) of the setae on the proximal-most MD scale (bordering the sub-inflection scale) of Paluma-W. C, spatulae (indicated by white arrows) on the tips of the setae on the terminal FD scale of Paluma-W. D, subdigital SEM image of an EA6 toe illustrating the different functional scale regions. The red line illustrates the measurement of terminal scale width.
Figure 4 in Mosaic patterns of homoplasy accompany the parallel evolution of suspensory adaptations in the forelimb of tree sloths (Folivora: Xenarthra)
Figure 4. Geometric morphometric principal components analysis of the ulna, humerus and scapula of xenarthrans. A, the first two axes of the ulna GM analysis. No other principal components (PC) axis accounts for more than 5% of variation. B, the first two axes of the humerus GM analysis. The small amount of variation accounted for by PC2 is likely due to the small sample sizes for the taxa it differentiates, specifically armadillos, the two giant ground sloths, and to a lesser extent Hapalops. PC3 accounts for 5.6% of variation and differentiates Cyclopes from Paramylodon and Glossotherium. No other axes account for more than 5% of variation. C, the first two PCs of the scapula GM analysis. PCs 3 and 4 account for 8.6% and 6.3% of variation, respectively. PC 3 separates Cyclopes from other taxa, and PC 4 separates Cyclopes and Dasypus from Choloepus. No other PC accounts for more than 5% of variation. Sloth scapula specimens identified with a thick rimmed circle and black dot indicate the specimens shown in 4D. D, Choloepus (centre) has a relatively conserved gross scapular morphology (compare with Paramylodon on right), especially when compared with Bradypus (left), but it has mapped functional traits such as an angled scapular spine onto that conserved bauplan. Squares indicate armadillos, rounded squares indicate anteaters, and circles indicate sloths.
Figure 5 in Mosaic patterns of homoplasy accompany the parallel evolution of suspensory adaptations in the forelimb of tree sloths (Folivora: Xenarthra)
Figure 5. Geometric morphometric phylomorphospace of the ulna, humerus and scapula. A, phylomorphospace of the ulna shows that tree sloths inhabit the same region of morphospace, suggesting extensive parallel evolution relative to their last common ancestor, while giant ground sloths and armadillos diverged in the opposite direction and anteaters appear to have diverged little from the last
Figure 1 in Mosaic patterns of homoplasy accompany the parallel evolution of suspensory adaptations in the forelimb of tree sloths (Folivora: Xenarthra)
Figure 1. Phylogeny used in this study showing the relationships among living xenarthrans and extinct sloths based on recent molecular studies (see methods for details on how the tree was constructed). Extant tree sloths are labelled in purple. Hapalops and Acratocnus have been argued to show adaptations for arboreality, although these adaptations might also reflect digging habits. Other sloths are almost certainly terrestrial based on size. None of these forms show adaptation to suspensory behaviours and thus it is likely that this morphobehavioural suite evolved independently in living sloths. A cross symbol (†) indicates an extinct taxon.
A phylogeny of Antirrhinum reveals parallel evolution of alpine morphology
<p>• Parallel evolution of similar morphologies in closely related lineages provides insight into the repeatability and predictability of evolution. In the genus <i>Antirrhinum</i> (snapdragons), as in other plants, a suite of morphological characters are associated with adaptation to alpine environments.</p> <p>• We test for parallel trait evolution in <i>Antirrhinum</i> by investigating phylogenetic relationships using Restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. We then associate phenotypic information to our phylogeny to reconstruct patterns of morphological evolution and relate this to evidence for hybridization between emergent lineages.</p> <p>• Phylogenetic analyses show that the alpine character syndrome is present in multiple groups, suggesting that <i>Antirrhinum </i>has repeatedly colonised alpine habitats. Dispersal to novel environments happened in the presence of intraspecific and interspecific gene flow.</p> <p>• We find support for a model of parallel evolution in <i>Antirrhinum</i>. Hybridisation in natural populations, and a complex genetic architecture underlying the alpine morphology syndrome, support an important role of natural selection in maintaining species divergence in the face of gene flow.</p>
WMT'16 Biomedical Translation Task - Scielo parallel datasets - GMA alignment files
<p>Aligment files using the GMA tool (https://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/GMA/) for the parallel data from Scielo for the Biomedical Translation Task in the First Conference on Machine Translation (WMT 16) (http://www.statmt.org/wmt16/biomedical-translation-task.html).</p> <p>The parallel data is available here: https://zenodo.org/record/5588265</p>
Problem Instances for "Exact and Meta-Heuristic Approaches for Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling"
<p>This dataset contains the following instance sets from the <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12708/11486">Master's Thesis</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-021-00714-6">Journal Paper</a> "Exact and Meta-Heuristic Approaches for Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling":</p> <ul> <li>Training instances</li> <li>Validation instances, with reference solutions</li> <li>Real-Life instances</li> </ul>
Data from: Quantifying (non)parallelism of microbial community change using multivariate vector analysis
<p>Parallel evolution of phenotypic traits is regarded as strong evidence for natural selection and has been studied extensively in a variety of taxa. However, we have limited knowledge of whether parallel evolution of host organisms is accompanied by parallel changes of their associated microbial communities (i.e., microbiotas), which are crucial for their hosts' ecology and evolution. Determining the extent of microbiota parallelism in nature can improve our ability to identify the factors that are associated with (putatively adaptive) shifts in microbial communities. While it has been emphasized that (non)parallel evolution is better considered as a quantitative continuum rather than a binary phenomenon, quantitative approaches have rarely been used to study microbiota parallelism. We advocate using multivariate vector analysis (i.e., phenotypic change vector analysis) to quantify direction and magnitude of microbiota changes and discuss the applicability of this approach for studying parallelism. We exemplify its use by reanalyzing gut microbiota data from multiple fish species that exhibit parallel shifts in trophic ecology. This approach provides an analytical framework for quantitative comparisons across host lineages, thereby providing the potential to advance our capacity to predict microbiota changes. Hence, we encourage the development and application of quantitative measures, such as multivariate vector analysis, to better understand the role of microbiota dynamics during their hosts' adaptive evolution, particularly in settings of parallel evolution.</p>
Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous booster immunization with Ad5-nCoV after three-dose priming with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial
<p>Data on safety and immunity of heterologous booster (fourth dose) after three-dose priming with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are limited in Chinese adults. Here, we evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of immunization with Ad5-nCoV in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled phase 4 clinical trial in Zhejiang, China (NCT05373030). Participants aged 18-80 years (100 participants per group) who have administered three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ≥ 6-month earlier were enrolled and randomized at 1:1 into two groups, then administered intramuscular Ad5-nCoV or different inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac or Covilo) respectively. All observed adverse reactions were predictable and manageable. Ad5-nCoV elicited significantly higher RBD-specific IgG levels, with a GMC of 2924.0 on day 14 post-booster, 7.8-fold that of the inactivated vaccine. Pseudovirus-neutralizing antibodies to Omicron BA.4/5 showed a similar pattern, with GMT of 228.9 in the Ad5-nCoV group and 65.5 in the inactivated vaccine group. The Ad5-nCoV booster-maintained a high antibody levels on day 90, with seroconversion of 71.4%, while the inactivated vaccine group was 5.2%, closed to pre-booster levels. In summary, a fourth Ad5-nCoV vaccination following three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is immunogenic, tolerable, and more efficient than inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Ad5-nCoV elicits a stronger humoral response against Omicron BA.4/5 and maintains antibody levels for longer than homologous boosting.</p>
Parallel, Coupled MC Soot Production Datasets
<p>This contains the datasets created by the parallel coupled monte carlo code.</p>
Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction: study protocol for a multicenter prospective, parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.
<p>Instruction video on how to prepare Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction reinforcement. </p>
Benchmarking splice variant prediction algorithms using massively parallel splicing assays
<p>Dataset, jupyter notebooks, and support python modules for "Benchmarking splice variant prediction algorithms using massively parallel splicing assays" (Smith and Kitzman, 2023)</p>
An active colloidal system showing parallels to a time crystal
<p>Supplementary data for the following manuscript: Marina Evers, Raphael Wittkowski, "An active colloidal system showing parallels to a time crystal", Physica Scripta.</p>
A Randomized, Open, Parallel, Controlled, Multi-center, Interventional, Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate the Detection Rate of Psoriatic Arthritis in Korean Moderate-to-severe Psoriasis Patients, Wit
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05758402. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Treatment, Parallel Assignment, Double Blind (Subject, Outcomes Assessor), Efficacy Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02452879. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
An Open-label, Randomized, Single Period, Parallel-Cohort Study To Evaluate Serum and Pulmonary Pharmacokinetics Following Single and Multiple Dose Administration of Intravenous GSK2251052 in Healthy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01267968. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Suprasacral Parallel Shift - Ultrasound/MR Image Fusion Guided Lumbosacral Plexus Block
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02593370. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Prospective, Randomized Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy of Vancomycin Administered Through Intraarticular Injection Versus Intraosseous Injection Versus Intravenous Infusion in Patients Undergo
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07282782. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.