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729 results for “slugs”
Figure 4 from: Dayrat B, Goulding TC, Khalil M, Apte D, Tan SH (2019) A new species and new records of Onchidium slugs (Gastropoda, Euthyneura, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae) in South-East Asia. ZooKeys 892: 27-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.892.39524
Figure 4 Geographic distribution of the four known Onchidium species. Dots correspond to known records. The colors used for each Onchidium species are the same as those used in Figs 1–3.
Figure 7 from: Dayrat B, Goulding TC, Khalil M, Apte D, Tan SH (2019) A new species and new records of Onchidium slugs (Gastropoda, Euthyneura, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae) in South-East Asia. ZooKeys 892: 27-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.892.39524
Figure 7 External morphology and digestive system, Onchidium melakense, Peninsular Malaysia A–C holotype [5979] (USMMC 00075) D [5978] (USMMC 00076) A dorsal, anterior view B posterior, ventral view (dotted lines indicate where the foot was cut to show the anus) C digestive system, dorsal view D digestive system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a anus, ddg dorsal lobe of digestive gland, f foot (pedal sole), fo female opening, h hyponotum, i intestine, mo male opening, ol oral lobe, ot ocular tentacle, p pneumostome, pdg posterior lobe of the digestive gland, ppg peripodial groove, rg rectal gland, st stomach, tp transversal protuberance (on oral lobe). Scale bars: 5 mm (A–C), 3 mm (D).
Data from: Species selection favors dispersive life histories in sea slugs, but higher per-offspring investment drives shifts to short-lived larvae
For 40 years, paleontological studies of marine gastropods have suggested that species selection favors lineages with short-lived (lecithotrophic) larvae, which are less dispersive than long-lived (planktotrophic) larvae. Although lecithotrophs appeared to speciate more often and accumulate over time in some groups, lecithotrophy also increased extinction rates, and tests for state-dependent diversification were never performed. Molecular phylogenies of diverse groups instead suggested lecithotrophs accumulate without diversifying due to frequent, unidirectional character change. Although lecithotrophy has repeatedly originated in most phyla, no adult trait has been correlated with shifts in larval type. Thus, both the evolutionary origins of lecithotrophy and its consequences for patterns of species richness remain poorly understood. Here, we test hypothesized links between development mode and evolutionary rates using likelihood-based methods and a phylogeny of 202 species of gastropod molluscs in Sacoglossa, a clade of herbivorous sea slugs. Evolutionary quantitative genetics modeling and stochastic character mapping supported 27 origins of lecithotrophy. Tests for correlated evolution revealed lecithotrophy evolved more often in lineages investing in extra-embryonic yolk, the first adult trait associated with shifts in development mode across a group. However, contrary to predictions from paleontological studies, species selection actually favored planktotrophy; most extant lecithotrophs originated through recent character change, and did not subsequently diversify. Increased offspring provisioning in planktotrophs thus favored shifts to short-lived larvae, which led to short-lived lineages over macroevolutionary time scales. These findings challenge long-standing assumptions about the effects of alternative life histories in the sea. Species selection can explain the long-term persistence of planktotrophy, the ancestral state in most clades, despite frequent transitions to lecithotrophy.
Figures 50–52 in A contribution to the knowledge of the slug moths (Zygaenoidea: Limacodidae) of the Maputo Special Reserve
Figures 50–52. Male genitalia of Limacodidae (a: clasping apparatus; b: phallus). 50 – Gavara velutina (MSR), genitalia slide No. LG5703 (ANHRT); 51 – Unidentified Limacodinae sp. (MSR), genitalia slide no. LG 5704 (ANHRT); 52 – Trogocrada deleter (MSR), genitalia slide No. TT 074 (ANHRT).
Fig. 5 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)
Fig. 5. Distal parts of the genitalia of Arion rufus: (a) upper atrium, (b) atrium opened to reveal the C-shaped ligula; Arion vulgaris: (c) long dilated part of oviduct, (d) distal oviduct opened to reveal the elongate, symmetric ligula; hybrid: (e) copulatory organ, (f) copulatory organ opened to reveal the ligula with an appearance of an oval plate. Abbreviations: co – copulatory organ, do – dilated oviduct, ep – epiphallus, li – ligula, ua – upper atrium. Scale bar 5 mm
Supplementary material 2 from: Rodriguez-Cabal MA, Gibbons TC, PM, Barrios-Garcia MN, Crutsinger GM (2015) Comparing functional similarity between a native and an alien slug in temperate rain forests of British Columbia. NeoBiota 25: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.25.8316
Alien black slug: Explanation note: Alien black slug eating a mushroom in the forest.
Supplementary material 1 from: Rodriguez-Cabal MA, Gibbons TC, PM, Barrios-Garcia MN, Crutsinger GM (2015) Comparing functional similarity between a native and an alien slug in temperate rain forests of British Columbia. NeoBiota 25: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.25.8316
Mesocosm: Explanation note: Detail of the mesocosm
Figures 66-70 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 66-70 Tanzalimax seddonae gen. & sp. n., holotype. 66 genitalia 67 interior of penis and vagina 68 spermatophore 69–70 details of head and tail serration on spermatophore. All scale bars 2 mm.
Figures 45-49 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 45-49 Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca tanzaniensis subsp. n., holotype. 45 anus 46 male genitalia 47 female genitalia 48 tip of penial gland 49 penial verge. All scale bars 2 mm.
Figures 21-26 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 21-26 Jaws. 21 Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca tanzaniensis subsp. n., Paratype 1., also showing patches of bristles 22 Dendrolimax parensis sp. n., holotype 23 Leptichnoides avisexcrementis sp. n., holotype 24 Tanzalimax tattersfieldi gen. & sp. n., holotype 25 Tanzalimax seddonae, gen. & sp. n., Paratype 1. 26 Udzungwalimax suminis gen. & sp. n., holotype. All scale bars: 1 mm.
Figures 64-65 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 64-65 Tanzalimax tattersfieldi gen. & sp. n., Paratype 1. 64 genitalia 65 interior of penis and vagina. All scale bars 2 mm.
Figures 59-63 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 59-63 Tanzalimax tattersfieldi gen. & sp. n. 59–62 holotype 59 genitalia 60 interior of penis and vagina 61–62 schematics of genitalia and penis 63 Paratype 2, spermatophore. All scale bars 2 mm.
Figures 50-54 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 50-54 Dendrolimax parensis sp. n., holotype. 50 genitalia 51 interior of penis and vagina 52 spermatophore 53–54 details of angle and tail serration of spermatophore. All scale bars 5 mm.
Figures 36-44 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 36-44 Radulae. From left to right, marginal, lateral and central teeth (arrow), each shown to the same scale. 36–38 Tanzalimax tattersfieldi gen. & sp. n., holotype 39–41 Tanzalimax seddonae, gen. & sp. n., Paratype 1 42–44 Udzungwalimax suminis gen. & sp. n., holotype. All scale bars 50 μm.
Figures 27-35 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 27-35 Radulae. From left to right, marginal, lateral and central teeth (arrow), each shown to the same scale. 27–28 Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca tanzaniensis subsp. n., Paratype 1 29 bristles from beneath jaw 30–32 Dendrolimax parensis sp. n., holotype 33–35 Leptichnoides avisexcrementis sp. n., holotype. All scale bars 50 μm except for 33–35, 20 μm.
Figures 1-10 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 1-10 Living animals, habitus and shells. 1–2 Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca tanzaniensis subsp. n., holotype 3 Dendrolimax leprosus Pollonera, 1906 at Jubiya 4–7 Dendrolimax parensis sp. n.: 4–5, 6 holotype 7 living animal at Kindoroko, not collected but probably this species 8–10 Leptichnoides avisexcrementis sp. n., holotype. Scale bars: 10 mm (1–5), 5 mm (6–10).
Figures 11-20 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 11-20 Habitus and shells, and dart sac. 11–12 Atrichotoxon punctatum Simroth, 1910: original figures of habitus and dart sac from Simroth (1910) 13–14 17 Tanzalimax tattersfieldi gen. & sp. n., holotype 15–16 Tanzalimax seddonae, gen. & sp. n., Paratype 1 18–20 Udzungwalimax suminis gen. & sp. n., holotype. Scale bars: 10 mm (13–16, 18–19), 5 mm (17, 20).
Figures 71-75 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 71-75 Udzungwalimax suminis gen. & sp. n., Paratype 1. 71 genitalia 72 interior of penis and vagina 73–74 schematics of penis and genitalia 75 spermatophore. All scale bars 2 mm
Figures 55-58 from: Rowson B, Paustian M, Van Goethem JV (2017) New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). ZooKeys 723: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817
Figures 55-58 Leptichnoides avisexcrementis sp. n., Paratype 4. 55 genitalia 56 interior of penis and vagina 57–58 Leptichnoides avisexcrementis sp. n., holotype 57 spermatophore 58 details of tail serration of spermatophore. Scale bars 1 mm (55–56), 100 μm (57–58).
Рис. 4. Место обнаружениЯ Arion subfuscus в г. Петропавловск-Камчатский у оЗ. Култучное. Фото О.А. ЧернЯгиной. in Distribution of an invasive slug, Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) in East Asia from Kamchatka to China
Рис. 4. Место обнаружениЯ Arion subfuscus в г. Петропавловск-Камчатский у оЗ. Култучное. Фото О.А. ЧернЯгиной.
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