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Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm. in Conch Structures, Soft-Tissue Imprints And Taphonomy Of The Middle Ordovician Cephalopod Tragoceras Falcatum From Estonia
Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm.
Text-fig. 2. a–g. Schloenbachia lymensis SPATH, 1926. a–d. S. lymensis from the Plaňany quarry. a. Lateral view. b. Ventral view. c. Whorl section (improved from Soukup 1971). d. Suture line (adopted from Soukup 1971; improved). E – external lobe, A – adventive lobe, U1 and U2 – umbilical lobes. e–g. S. lymensis from the locality Slaný. e, g. Ventro-lateral view showing larger clavi modified into spines closely to the aperture. f. Ventral view. Scale bars equal 10 mm. in Taxonomy And Stratigraphic Distribution Of The Ammonite Schloenbachia Neumayr, 1875 From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin
Text-fig. 2. a–g. Schloenbachia lymensis SPATH, 1926. a–d. S. lymensis from the Plaňany quarry. a. Lateral view. b. Ventral view. c. Whorl section (improved from Soukup 1971). d. Suture line (adopted from Soukup 1971; improved). E – external lobe, A – adventive lobe, U1 and U2 – umbilical lobes. e–g. S. lymensis from the locality Slaný. e, g. Ventro-lateral view showing larger clavi modified into spines closely to the aperture. f. Ventral view. Scale bars equal 10 mm.
Text-fig. 2. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy volume renderings (a, b) and orthoslices (c–e) of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). Yellow dots – stamens, red dots – carpels. a) Flower in lateral view showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals; b) Flower in longitudinal section showing the flat to slightly concave floral receptacle with a central conical gynoecial region (cut between orthoslices yz0800 and 1220); c) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series and the stamens cut in the region of the poorly differentiated anthers; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as and transverse sections of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads) (cut at orthoslice xy0770); d) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0820); e) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0920); f) Flower in longitudinal section showing the shallowly concave floral receptacle with laminar tepals, stamens, and a central conical gynoecial region bearing poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice yz0900); g) Flower in longitudinal section perpendicular to that in (f) showing stamens and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xz1630). Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b), 500 µm (c–g). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal
Text-fig. 2. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy volume renderings (a, b) and orthoslices (c–e) of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). Yellow dots – stamens, red dots – carpels. a) Flower in lateral view showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals; b) Flower in longitudinal section showing the flat to slightly concave floral receptacle with a central conical gynoecial region (cut between orthoslices yz0800 and 1220); c) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series and the stamens cut in the region of the poorly differentiated anthers; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as and transverse sections of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads) (cut at orthoslice xy0770); d) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0820); e) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0920); f) Flower in longitudinal section showing the shallowly concave floral receptacle with laminar tepals, stamens, and a central conical gynoecial region bearing poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice yz0900); g) Flower in longitudinal section perpendicular to that in (f) showing stamens and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xz1630). Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b), 500 µm (c–g).
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs (d–g) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (a–c) of flowers of Atlantocarpus virginiensis gen. et sp. nov. (a–d: holotype, PP43780, Puddledock sample 156), Atlantocarpus sp. from the Early Cretaceous Buarcos locality (e, f: S105025, Buarcos sample 244) and receptacle of Atlantocarpus? from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality (g: S101300, Vale de Água sample 141). a) Flower in lateral view showing scar from a single bract (br), attachment scars of tepals (t) and stamens (st) on the expanded basal portion of elongated receptacle and young carpels; b) Flower in lateral view showing expanded basal portion of the elongated receptacle and young carpels; c) Flower in longitudinal section showing expanded basal portion of the elongated receptacle and young carpels; note the irregular, possibly expanded stigmatic region (arrow heads), (orthoslice yz0340); d) Flower in lateral view showing attachment scars of tepals (t) and stamens (st) on the expanded basal portion of elongated receptacle and young carpels with possible grooved stigmatic regions (arrow heads); e) Flower in lateral view showing expanded basal portion of elongated receptacle and young carpels; f) Detail of flower in (e) showing in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs (d–g) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (a–c) of flowers of Atlantocarpus virginiensis gen. et sp. nov. (a–d: holotype, PP43780, Puddledock sample 156), Atlantocarpus sp. from the Early Cretaceous Buarcos locality (e, f: S105025, Buarcos sample 244) and receptacle of Atlantocarpus? from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality (g: S101300, Vale de Água sample 141). a) Flower in lateral view showing scar from a single bract (br), attachment scars of tepals (t) and stamens (st) on the expanded basal portion of elongated receptacle and young carpels; b) Flower in lateral view showing expanded basal portion of the elongated receptacle and young carpels; c) Flower in longitudinal section showing expanded basal portion of the elongated receptacle and young carpels; note the irregular, possibly expanded stigmatic region (arrow heads), (orthoslice yz0340); d) Flower in lateral view showing attachment scars of tepals (t) and stamens (st) on the expanded basal portion of elongated receptacle and young carpels with possible grooved stigmatic regions (arrow heads); e) Flower in lateral view showing expanded basal portion of elongated receptacle and young carpels; f) Detail of flower in (e) showing
Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale. in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia
Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale.
Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i).
Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i).
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b–e) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–e, g), 3 Μm (f, h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b–e) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–e, g), 3 Μm (f, h).
Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragment showing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragment showing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g).
Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia intermedia sp. nov. from a pollen clump, probably fragment of a stamen (a–e) and anthers and pollen of Eckhartia sp. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b–d) Pollen grains viewed from distal (d) and proximal surfaces (b, c) showing the long colpus and well-developed reticulum with large and small luminae; e) Reticulum showing smooth muri supported by short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the occasional small luminae; f, g) Fragments of narrow elongate anthers with same kind of pollen as in (i); h) Inner surface of anther wall showing small spherical orbicules; in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia intermedia sp. nov. from a pollen clump, probably fragment of a stamen (a–e) and anthers and pollen of Eckhartia sp. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b–d) Pollen grains viewed from distal (d) and proximal surfaces (b, c) showing the long colpus and well-developed reticulum with large and small luminae; e) Reticulum showing smooth muri supported by short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the occasional small luminae; f, g) Fragments of narrow elongate anthers with same kind of pollen as in (i); h) Inner surface of anther wall showing small spherical orbicules;
Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia longicolumella sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther that yielded the same kind of pollen as the holotype (b); b) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen shown in this Text-figure; c–e) Pollen grains showing the elongated colpi, reticulum with large and small luminae and continuous muri along the aperture margins; f, g) Pollen grains in in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia longicolumella sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther that yielded the same kind of pollen as the holotype (b); b) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen shown in this Text-figure; c–e) Pollen grains showing the elongated colpi, reticulum with large and small luminae and continuous muri along the aperture margins; f, g) Pollen grains in
Text-fig. 55. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen fragments and pollen of Ibrahimia verminculata (a–h) and unnamed pantoporate pollen from pollen clump (i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (b–f); b–f) Pantoporate pollen grains with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate and pores with verrucate aperture membranes; g) Stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (h); h) Abraded pantoporate pollen with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate; i) Pantoporate pollen from coprolite with microreticulate-foveolate tectum and verrucate aperture membranes. Specimens, TV44-S148019 (holotype; a–f), TV44- S136782 (g, h), TV142-S170216 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, g), 15 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e, h, i), 1.5 Μm (c, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 55. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen fragments and pollen of Ibrahimia verminculata (a–h) and unnamed pantoporate pollen from pollen clump (i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (b–f); b–f) Pantoporate pollen grains with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate and pores with verrucate aperture membranes; g) Stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (h); h) Abraded pantoporate pollen with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate; i) Pantoporate pollen from coprolite with microreticulate-foveolate tectum and verrucate aperture membranes. Specimens, TV44-S148019 (holotype; a–f), TV44- S136782 (g, h), TV142-S170216 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, g), 15 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e, h, i), 1.5 Μm (c, f).
Text-fig. 31. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Burgeria striata gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the distal colpus and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; c–e) Equatorial (c) and distal views (d, e) of pollen grains showing the long distal colpus with granular ornamentation and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; f) Detail of section through pollen wall showing thick tectum with fine striate ornamentation, perforated by punctae and supported by short stout columellae attached to the thin foot layer; g–h) Surface of tectum (g) and orbicule (h) showing fine striate ornamentation. Specimen, TV44-S149216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c–e), 1.5 Μm (f–h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 31. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Burgeria striata gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the distal colpus and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; c–e) Equatorial (c) and distal views (d, e) of pollen grains showing the long distal colpus with granular ornamentation and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; f) Detail of section through pollen wall showing thick tectum with fine striate ornamentation, perforated by punctae and supported by short stout columellae attached to the thin foot layer; g–h) Surface of tectum (g) and orbicule (h) showing fine striate ornamentation. Specimen, TV44-S149216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c–e), 1.5 Μm (f–h).
Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Appomattoxia minuta sp. nov. fruits and associated monocolpate pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of fruits (a, holotype) covered with hooked hairs showing the apical stigmatic area; d–g) Pollen grains from the fruits in (a) and (b) showing short monocolpate aperture, granular aperture membrane and microechinate tectum. Specimens, TV44-S136786 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S136787 (b, f, g), TV43-S105022 (c). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 30 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Appomattoxia minuta sp. nov. fruits and associated monocolpate pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of fruits (a, holotype) covered with hooked hairs showing the apical stigmatic area; d–g) Pollen grains from the fruits in (a) and (b) showing short monocolpate aperture, granular aperture membrane and microechinate tectum. Specimens, TV44-S136786 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S136787 (b, f, g), TV43-S105022 (c). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 30 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g).
Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fragmentary stamens (a, b) with in situ pollen of Clavatipollenites sp. 1 (c–g); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Fragmentary tetrasporangiate stamens; c–e) Distal view of pollen grains showing large, rounded aperture and the irregular verrucate aperture membrane; f) Proximal view of pollen grains showing dense reticulum; g) Section through the fractured pollen wall showing foot layer, columellae and muri with faint supratectal ornamentation. Specimens, TV44-S105013 (a, c, d), TV44-S105019 (b, e–g). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c–f), 3 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fragmentary stamens (a, b) with in situ pollen of Clavatipollenites sp. 1 (c–g); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Fragmentary tetrasporangiate stamens; c–e) Distal view of pollen grains showing large, rounded aperture and the irregular verrucate aperture membrane; f) Proximal view of pollen grains showing dense reticulum; g) Section through the fractured pollen wall showing foot layer, columellae and muri with faint supratectal ornamentation. Specimens, TV44-S105013 (a, c, d), TV44-S105019 (b, e–g). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c–f), 3 Μm (g).
Text-fig. 20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Hedyflora (a–d), stamen with in situ Asteropollis sp. pollen (e–g), and Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence (h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hedyflora sp. 1, lateral and apical views of fruits showing the triangular cross-section, remains of three tepals, apical style and the three lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; c, d) Hedyflora sp. 2, lateral views of fruits showing three well-preserved tepals, apical style and the lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; note the papillae on the lateral wall and around the base of the style; e, f, g) Stamen (f) with in situ pollen of Asteropollis sp. showing the poorly defined star-shaped apertural area (e) and reticulate tectum, with the muri ornamented by small verrucae (g); h) Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence with five whorls of tetrasporangiate stamens. Specimens, TV43-S101749 (a, b), TV43-S101307 (c, d), TV44-S137917 (e–g), TV39-S101220 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f, h), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Hedyflora (a–d), stamen with in situ Asteropollis sp. pollen (e–g), and Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence (h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hedyflora sp. 1, lateral and apical views of fruits showing the triangular cross-section, remains of three tepals, apical style and the three lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; c, d) Hedyflora sp. 2, lateral views of fruits showing three well-preserved tepals, apical style and the lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; note the papillae on the lateral wall and around the base of the style; e, f, g) Stamen (f) with in situ pollen of Asteropollis sp. showing the poorly defined star-shaped apertural area (e) and reticulate tectum, with the muri ornamented by small verrucae (g); h) Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence with five whorls of tetrasporangiate stamens. Specimens, TV43-S101749 (a, b), TV43-S101307 (c, d), TV44-S137917 (e–g), TV39-S101220 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f, h), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (g).
Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Selaginellales; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hughesisporites galericulatus, lateral view of megaspore (a) with almost smooth surface and spore wall of thin elements forming a dense reticulum (b); c) Trileites sp., proximal view of megaspore with almost smooth surface and raised trilete mark; d–f) Rugotriletes sp., proximal (e) and lateral (f) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface ornamentation and prominent gula around the trilete mark and compact perforate spore wall (d); g, h) Erlansonisporites sp., distal (g) and lateral (h) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface and fibrous spore wall; i, j) Striatriletes sp. 1, megaspore in oblique proximal view (i) showing raised laesurae and irregular striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (j) showing dense packing of sculptural elements; k, l) Striatriletes sp. 2, megaspore in proximal view (k) showing trilete mark, striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (l) composed of loosely packed fibers; m) Striatriletes sp. 3, megaspore in proximal view showing raised trilete mark and striate-rugulate surface; n, o) Verrutriletes sp., megaspore in oblique proximal view (n) showing short laesurae of the trilete mark, and the dense verrucate surface (o); p) Megaspore sp. 1, oblique proximal view showing in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Selaginellales; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hughesisporites galericulatus, lateral view of megaspore (a) with almost smooth surface and spore wall of thin elements forming a dense reticulum (b); c) Trileites sp., proximal view of megaspore with almost smooth surface and raised trilete mark; d–f) Rugotriletes sp., proximal (e) and lateral (f) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface ornamentation and prominent gula around the trilete mark and compact perforate spore wall (d); g, h) Erlansonisporites sp., distal (g) and lateral (h) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface and fibrous spore wall; i, j) Striatriletes sp. 1, megaspore in oblique proximal view (i) showing raised laesurae and irregular striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (j) showing dense packing of sculptural elements; k, l) Striatriletes sp. 2, megaspore in proximal view (k) showing trilete mark, striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (l) composed of loosely packed fibers; m) Striatriletes sp. 3, megaspore in proximal view showing raised trilete mark and striate-rugulate surface; n, o) Verrutriletes sp., megaspore in oblique proximal view (n) showing short laesurae of the trilete mark, and the dense verrucate surface (o); p) Megaspore sp. 1, oblique proximal view showing
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Isoetales (a–d) and megaspores of uncertain affinity (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Paxillitriletes reticulatus megaspore in lateral view showing long appendages on the flanges of the laesurae and the reticulate-spiny distal surface; b) Dijkstraisporites sp. megaspore in oblique lateral view showing long, sometimes dichotomizing, appendages on the equatorial flanges and bordering the laesurae; c, d) Tenellisporites sp. megaspore in proximal view (c) showing equatorial flanges and laesurae with short, broad, flattened and unbranched appendages; note numerous, spiny microspores adhering to the proximal face of the megaspore (d); e) Megaspore type sp. 2 in lateral view showing apical gula and ornamentation of scattered spines; f, g) Megaspore type sp. 3 in lateral (f) and proximal (g) view showing broad, often dichotomously branched appendages covering the megaspore surface; h, i) aff. Flabellisporites sp. megaspores in proximal (h) and lateral (i) view showing long, narrow appendages covering the megaspore surface. Specimens, TV39-S174619 (a), TV38-S170220 (b), TV38-S170221 (c, d), TV44-S174574 (e), TV44-S174575 (f), TV44-S174577 (g), TV38-S170223 (h), TV38-S170222 (i). Scale bars 100 Μm (a–c, e–i), 25 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Isoetales (a–d) and megaspores of uncertain affinity (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Paxillitriletes reticulatus megaspore in lateral view showing long appendages on the flanges of the laesurae and the reticulate-spiny distal surface; b) Dijkstraisporites sp. megaspore in oblique lateral view showing long, sometimes dichotomizing, appendages on the equatorial flanges and bordering the laesurae; c, d) Tenellisporites sp. megaspore in proximal view (c) showing equatorial flanges and laesurae with short, broad, flattened and unbranched appendages; note numerous, spiny microspores adhering to the proximal face of the megaspore (d); e) Megaspore type sp. 2 in lateral view showing apical gula and ornamentation of scattered spines; f, g) Megaspore type sp. 3 in lateral (f) and proximal (g) view showing broad, often dichotomously branched appendages covering the megaspore surface; h, i) aff. Flabellisporites sp. megaspores in proximal (h) and lateral (i) view showing long, narrow appendages covering the megaspore surface. Specimens, TV39-S174619 (a), TV38-S170220 (b), TV38-S170221 (c, d), TV44-S174574 (e), TV44-S174575 (f), TV44-S174577 (g), TV38-S170223 (h), TV38-S170222 (i). Scale bars 100 Μm (a–c, e–i), 25 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Appofructus gen. nov. and associated pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., lateral views of fruits (holotype figured in a) showing the ribbed surface, the poorly defined apical stigmatic area and short stalk; c, d) Appofructus sp. lateral view of fruit showing the absence of hooked hairs, the apical stigmatic area, the short stalk and pollen grain from the fruit surface (d); e–g) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., individual monocolpate pollen grains (f, g) from the group of pollen grains on the stigmatic surface (e). Specimens, TV44-S148143 (holotype; a); TV44-S148007 (b), TV38-S174610 (c, d), TV44-S148141 (e, f), TV44-S136687 (g). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 60 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Appofructus gen. nov. and associated pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., lateral views of fruits (holotype figured in a) showing the ribbed surface, the poorly defined apical stigmatic area and short stalk; c, d) Appofructus sp. lateral view of fruit showing the absence of hooked hairs, the apical stigmatic area, the short stalk and pollen grain from the fruit surface (d); e–g) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., individual monocolpate pollen grains (f, g) from the group of pollen grains on the stigmatic surface (e). Specimens, TV44-S148143 (holotype; a); TV44-S148007 (b), TV38-S174610 (c, d), TV44-S148141 (e, f), TV44-S136687 (g). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 60 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g).
Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens (a–c) with in situ trichotomocolpate Asteropollis type pollen (d– h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fragmentary tetrasporangiate stamen; b) Group of tetrasporangiate stamens; c) Single pollen sac from stamen; d, f) Distal view of pollen grains showing trichotomocolpate aperture; e, g) Pollen wall showing dense reticulum with faint supratectal ornamentation; h) Detail of pollen wall showing numerous long columellae. Specimens, TV44-S105012 (a, d), TV44-105015 (b, e), TV44-S136763 (c, f, g), TV44- S136669 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 6 Μm (d, f), 1.5 Μm (e, g, h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens (a–c) with in situ trichotomocolpate Asteropollis type pollen (d– h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fragmentary tetrasporangiate stamen; b) Group of tetrasporangiate stamens; c) Single pollen sac from stamen; d, f) Distal view of pollen grains showing trichotomocolpate aperture; e, g) Pollen wall showing dense reticulum with faint supratectal ornamentation; h) Detail of pollen wall showing numerous long columellae. Specimens, TV44-S105012 (a, d), TV44-105015 (b, e), TV44-S136763 (c, f, g), TV44- S136669 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 6 Μm (d, f), 1.5 Μm (e, g, h).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.