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FIGURES 13–14 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 13–14. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., 13. Holotype, male wing. 14. Paratype, female wing. Abbreviations: A1, first branch anal vein; C, costal vein; CuA, anterior branch of cubital vein; h, humeral crossvein; M1, first branch of media; M2, second branch of media; M1+2, fused first and second branch of media; R1, anterior branch of radial vein; R4+5, third branch of radial vein; r-m, radial-medial crossvein; Rs, radial sector; Sc, subcostal vein; sc-r, subcostal-radial crossvein.

FIGURES 5–6 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 5–6. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., male, holotype. 5. Thorax illustration, lateral view. 6. Thorax, lateral view. Abbreviations: abd tg, abdominal tergite; anepst, anepisternum; cx, coxa; hlt, halter; ltg, laterotergite; mtg, mediotergite; mtepm, metepimeron; pnt, pronotum; kepst, katepisternum; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum.

FIGURES 21–22 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 21–22. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., female, paratype. 21. Lateral view of the female terminalia 22. Illustration of the lateral view of the female terminalia. Abbreviations: cerc 1, first cercomere of female terminalia; cerc 2, second cercomere of female terminalia; tg, tergite; st, sternite.

FIGURES 17–18 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 17–18. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., female, paratype. 17. Dorsal view of the female terminalia 18. Illustration of the dorsal view of the female terminalia. Abbreviations: cerc 1, first cercomere of female terminalia; cerc 2, second cercomere of female terminalia; tg, tergite.

FIGURES 3–4 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 3–4. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., male, holotype. 3. Habitus, dorsal view. 4. Habitus, lateral view.

FIGURE 2. A in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURE 2. A. Trunk with lichens and white fungi, where the immatures were observed. B. Larva web. C. Larva under its web in the rotten wood with lichens and fungi.

FIGURES 19–20 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 19–20. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., female, paratype. 19. Ventral view of the female terminalia 20. Illustration of the ventral view of the female terminalia. Abbreviations: cerc 1, first cercomere of female terminalia; cerc 2, second cercomere of female terminalia; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; st, sternite; tg, tergite.

FIGURES 11–12 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 11–12. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., male, paratype. 11. Lateral view of the male terminalia 12. Illustration of the lateral view of the male terminalia. Abbreviations: ddp, dorsal distal projection; goncx, gonocoxite; gonst, gonostylus; tg, tergite.

FIGURES 9–10 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 9–10. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., male, holotype. 9. Ventral view of the male terminalia. 10. Illustration of the ventral view of the male terminalia. Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; ddp, dorsal distal projection; goncx, gonocoxite; gonst, gonostylus; pm, paramere; tg, tergite.

FIGURES 7–8 in An unknown world in the Neotropical region: a complete life cycle of a new species of Monoclona Mik, 1886 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)

FIGURES 7–8. Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., male, holotype. 7. Dorsal view of the male terminalia. 8. Illustration of the dorsal view of the male terminalia. Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; ddp, dorsal distal projection; goncx, gonocoxite; gonst, gonostylus; pm, paramere; tg, tergite.

FIGURE. Puccinia klugkistiana on Ligustrum obtusifolium (A–F, N, O, P) and Cleistogenes hackelii (G–N). A. Plant hedges producing spermogonia and aecia in the field. B. Spermogonia on the upper leaf surface. C. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. D. Aecia on the lower leaf surface. E. Vertical section of a spermogonium. F. Aeciospores. G. Uredinia on the leaf surface. H. Vertical section of a uredinium. I. Urediniospores. J, K. Telia on the leaf surface. L. Teliospores. M. Urediniospore observed under SEM. N. Vertical section of an uredinium observed under SEM. O. Aecium observed under SEM. P. Aeciospores with various sizes of verrucae on the surface observed under SEM. Scale bars: C = 100 μm, E, F = 20 μm, H, I = 30 μm, M = 5 μm, P = 10 μm, H, L, O = 40 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia klugkistiana on Ligustrum obtusifolium (A–F, N, O, P) and Cleistogenes hackelii (G–N). A. Plant hedges producing spermogonia and aecia in the field. B. Spermogonia on the upper leaf surface. C. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. D. Aecia on the lower leaf surface. E. Vertical section of a spermogonium. F. Aeciospores. G. Uredinia on the leaf surface. H. Vertical section of a uredinium. I. Urediniospores. J, K. Telia on the leaf surface. L. Teliospores. M. Urediniospore observed under SEM. N. Vertical section of an uredinium observed under SEM. O. Aecium observed under SEM. P. Aeciospores with various sizes of verrucae on the surface observed under SEM. Scale bars: C = 100 μm, E, F = 20 μm, H, I = 30 μm, M = 5 μm, P = 10 μm, H, L, O = 40 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia cerinthes-agropyrina on Clematis sp. A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on the leaves and stems in the field. B. Spermogonia and aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. D. Aecia on the stem. E. Aeciospores. F. Aeciospore with verrucose surface observed under SEM. G. Aecium observed under SEM. H. Vertical section of an aecium. Scale bars: C = 20 μm, E, H = 30 μm, F = 5 μm, G = 100 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia cerinthes-agropyrina on Clematis sp. A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on the leaves and stems in the field. B. Spermogonia and aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. D. Aecia on the stem. E. Aeciospores. F. Aeciospore with verrucose surface observed under SEM. G. Aecium observed under SEM. H. Vertical section of an aecium. Scale bars: C = 20 μm, E, H = 30 μm, F = 5 μm, G = 100 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia phragmitis on Rumex patientia (A–E, I, K) and Phragmites australis (F–H, J). A, B Spermogonia and aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. D. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. E. Aeciospores. F, G. Telia on the leaf surface. H. Teliospores. I. Aecium observed under SEM. J. Vertical section of a telium. K. Aeciospores with various sizes of verrucae on the surface observed under SEM. Scale bars: C, D, E = 30 μm, H = 10 μm, I = 100 μm, J = 20 μm, K = 3 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia phragmitis on Rumex patientia (A–E, I, K) and Phragmites australis (F–H, J). A, B Spermogonia and aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. D. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. E. Aeciospores. F, G. Telia on the leaf surface. H. Teliospores. I. Aecium observed under SEM. J. Vertical section of a telium. K. Aeciospores with various sizes of verrucae on the surface observed under SEM. Scale bars: C, D, E = 30 μm, H = 10 μm, I = 100 μm, J = 20 μm, K = 3 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia elymi on species of Poaceae. A, B. Telia on the leaf surface. C. Teliospores. D. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: C = 30 μm, D = 20 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia elymi on species of Poaceae. A, B. Telia on the leaf surface. C. Teliospores. D. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: C = 30 μm, D = 20 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia miscanthi on Plantago asiatica (A–H) and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (I–Q). A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on the leaf surface. B. Spermogonia on the leaf surface. C. Aecia on lower leaf surface. D. Vertical section of a spermogonium. E. Aeciospores. F. Vertical section of an aecium observed under SEM. G. Aeciospores with verrucose surface observed by SEM. H. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded by peridia. I. Plants producing uredinia on the leaf surface in the field. J. Vertical section of an uredinium with paraphyses. K. Urediniospores. L. Uredinia on the leaf surface. M. Uredinium on the leaf surface observed under SEM. N. Urediniospore with echinulate surface observed under SEM. O. Telia on the leaf surface. P. Vertical section of a telium. Q. Teliospores. Scale bars: D, E, K = 20 μm, F, H, M = 100 μm, G = 5 μm, J, P, Q = 30 μm, N = 10 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia miscanthi on Plantago asiatica (A–H) and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (I–Q). A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on the leaf surface. B. Spermogonia on the leaf surface. C. Aecia on lower leaf surface. D. Vertical section of a spermogonium. E. Aeciospores. F. Vertical section of an aecium observed under SEM. G. Aeciospores with verrucose surface observed by SEM. H. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded by peridia. I. Plants producing uredinia on the leaf surface in the field. J. Vertical section of an uredinium with paraphyses. K. Urediniospores. L. Uredinia on the leaf surface. M. Uredinium on the leaf surface observed under SEM. N. Urediniospore with echinulate surface observed under SEM. O. Telia on the leaf surface. P. Vertical section of a telium. Q. Teliospores. Scale bars: D, E, K = 20 μm, F, H, M = 100 μm, G = 5 μm, J, P, Q = 30 μm, N = 10 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia triticina on species of Poaceae. A. Vertical section of an uredinium. Scale bars: A = 30 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia triticina on species of Poaceae. A. Vertical section of an uredinium. Scale bars: A = 30 μm.

FIGURE 0 in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE 0. Puccinia elymi-albispora on Elymus ciliaris. A, B. Uredinia on the leaf surface. C. Urediniospores. D. Vertical section of an uredinium. Scale bars: C = 20 μm, D = 30 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia poae-nemoralis on Poa sp. A. Uredinia and telia on the leaf surface. B. Vertical section of an uredinium with paraphyses. C. Immature teliospores. D. Teliospores. Scale bars: B, C, D = 20 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia poae-nemoralis on Poa sp. A. Uredinia and telia on the leaf surface. B. Vertical section of an uredinium with paraphyses. C. Immature teliospores. D. Teliospores. Scale bars: B, C, D = 20 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia achnatheri-sibirici on Berberis amurensis (A–H) and Stipa baicalensis (I–M). A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on leaf surface in the field. B. Aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. D. Spermogonia on the upper leaf surface. E. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. F. Aeciospores. G. Aecium observed under SEM. H. Aeciospore with verrucose surface observed under SEM. I, J. Telia on the leaf surface. K. Urediniospores. L. Teliospores. M. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: C, F, L, M = 20 μm, E = 50 μm, G = 100 μm, H = 5 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia achnatheri-sibirici on Berberis amurensis (A–H) and Stipa baicalensis (I–M). A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on leaf surface in the field. B. Aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. D. Spermogonia on the upper leaf surface. E. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. F. Aeciospores. G. Aecium observed under SEM. H. Aeciospore with verrucose surface observed under SEM. I, J. Telia on the leaf surface. K. Urediniospores. L. Teliospores. M. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: C, F, L, M = 20 μm, E = 50 μm, G = 100 μm, H = 5 μm.

FIGURE. Puccinia pygmaea on Deyeuxia purpurea. A, F. Uredinia and telia on the leaf surface. B. Urediniospores. C. Vertical section of an uredinium with paraphyses. D. Teliospores. E. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: B = 30 μm, C = 50 μm, D, E = 20 μm. in Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Poaceae from northeastern China

FIGURE. Puccinia pygmaea on Deyeuxia purpurea. A, F. Uredinia and telia on the leaf surface. B. Urediniospores. C. Vertical section of an uredinium with paraphyses. D. Teliospores. E. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: B = 30 μm, C = 50 μm, D, E = 20 μm.