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Fig. 9 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 9 Results of molecular analysis of genus Dendronotus. A, molecular phylogenetic hypothesis, maximum likelihood, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI+ 16S + H3 + 28S), species-level clades and outgroups are collapsed to a single branch, except target species. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference, numbers below branches, bootstrap support from maximum likelihood. B, Dendronotus dalli, COI haplotype network produced with TCS method in PopART. Colors of circles refer

Fig. 8 Dendronotus dalli Bergh, 1879 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 8 Dendronotus dalli Bergh, 1879, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, MIMB 42234a. B, MIMB 42234c. C, MIMB 42233. D, MIMB 42234c, right jaw plate. E, MIMB 42234c, denticulation of masticatory border. F, MIMB 42234c, radula. G—MIMB 42234c, rachidian tooth, posterior radular portion. H, MIMB 422342c, lateral teeth, posterior radular portion. Scale bars: A–C, 10 mm; D, F, 500 µm; E, G, H, 50 µm. Living photos by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 7 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 7 Genus Tritonia, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42248. B, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42249. C, Tritonia psoloides MIMB 42245 in natural environment collected by ROV. D, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246 in natural environment; a specimen is marked by a white arrow. E, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. F, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246, middle lateral teeth. G, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246, outer lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm. E, F, 100 µm; G, 200 µm. Living photos by Anastassya Mayorova and team of ROV "Komanch"

Fig. 6 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 6 Colga pacifica (Bergh, 1894) MIMB 42231, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, B, living specimens. C, middle radular portion. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm, C, 500 µm. Living photo by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 5 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 5 Cadlina sp. MIMB 42230, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, dorsal view of living specimen, ca. 15 mm in length. B, labial cuticle. C, details of labial cuticle. D, radula. E, rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. F, inner lateral teeth. G, outer lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, D, 300 µm; C, 10 µm; E–G, 30 µm. Living photo by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 4 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 4 Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions of studied groups. A, genus Bathydoris, Bayesian inference, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI+ 16S + H3 + 28S). B, genus Cadlina, maximum likelihood, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI+ 16S + H3 + 28S), species-level clades and outgroups (Dendrodoris and Aldisa) are collapsed to a single branch. C, genus Tritonia, maximum likeli-

Fig. 3 Reproductive system. A in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 3 Reproductive system. A, Bathydoris antoni sp. nov., general view. B, Bathydoris antoni sp. nov., male part and female gland mass partly removed. C, Dendronotus patricki, MIMB 42240. D, Dendronotus kurilensis sp. nov., paratype MIMB 42238. Abbreviations:

Fig. 2 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 2 Bathydoris antoni sp. nov, holotype MIMB 42229, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view from left. D, lateral view from right. E, jaw plate. F, radula. G, anterior radular portion. H, details of denticulation in rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. I, inner and middle lateral teeth. Scale bars: A–D, 5 mm; E, F, 500 µm; G, I, 100 µm; H, 50 µm. Living photos by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 1 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 1 Map of the Northwest Pacific representing collection sites and respective nudibranch species found

Figure 2 in Ecology and distribution of the Mediterranean Dondice trainitoi Furfaro and Mariottini, 2020 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

Figure 2. Apulian (Region Apulia, Italy) specimens of Dondice trainitoi. (A) Dorsal view of an individual (voucher RM3_3052) showing the blue iridescent band along the length of the body, one of the most diagnostic characters of the species. (B, C) Details of the slug's cephalic portion (voucher RM3_3052), showing its dark eyes and typical lamellate rhinophores. (D) In situ image of an individual collected from Otranto, Puglia, Italy (voucher RM3_3286) showing the well-defined lamellae of the rhinophores and the diagnostic black jaws of the buccal apparatus visible just below the eyes.

Figure 1 in Ecology and distribution of the Mediterranean Dondice trainitoi Furfaro and Mariottini, 2020 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

Figure 1. (A) A typical Marine Animal Forest (MAF) investigated by technical dives located in 'I Giardini', Gallipoli, Lecce, (Salento peninsula), at 55 m depth, characterised by healthy colonies of Savalia savaglia (Bertoloni, 1819) and Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1827), two charismatic cnidarians and MAF species. (B) View from above where a Dondice trainitoi specimen (voucher RM3_3052) was collected. (C) Sampling of a D. trainitoi specimen (voucher RM3_3052) with its associated hydrozoan prey at 50 m depth.

Figure 3 in Ecology and distribution of the Mediterranean Dondice trainitoi Furfaro and Mariottini, 2020 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

Figure 3. Map of the Mediterranean Sea showing all records of D. trainitoi reported at the time of this writing. In blue are the new records for the Apulia (southern Italy), in light orange are those retrieved from published scientific papers or from grey literature. The numbers in ascending order refer to the findings, from oldest to most recent, reported in Table 1.

Figure 5 in Ecology and distribution of the Mediterranean Dondice trainitoi Furfaro and Mariottini, 2020 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

Figure 5. Colonies of Eudendrium glomeratum hydroids associated with: (A) holotype of Dondice trainitoi (voucher MNHN IM-2000-33,722), and (B) paratypes C and D of D. trainitoi (vouchers RM3_1101 and RM3_1102). Blue circles indicate magnified detail of clusters of eurytele nematocysts with button-like structures on the hydranth body below the tentacles.

Figure 4 in Ecology and distribution of the Mediterranean Dondice trainitoi Furfaro and Mariottini, 2020 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

Figure 4. The hydrozoan colony Obelia bidentata (Campanulariidae) that served as a habitat for Dondice trainitoi specimen voucher RM3_3052, and the gastrozooids of which were prey of D. trainitoi. (A) Gastrozooids and gonozooids. (B) A drawing of O. bidentata that shows the bidentate margin of the theca, a diagnostic character for this species (redrawn from Schuchert 2003). (C) Detail of the gonotheca showing the gonozooid blastostyle budding a series of flattened medusae. New medusa buds are typically formed at the base of the blastostyle. (D) Detail of the bidentate margin of the theca of O. bidentata. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 5 in Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

Figure 5. (a) Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotype TCS network showing genetic mutations occurring within Godiva quadricolor specimens; (b) Bayesian topology based on the COI data set (TrN +G model of evolution). Numbers at nodes indicate the support by Bayesian Inference (5 × 106 generations and 25% burn-in, left half) and Maximum Likelihood (1000 bootstrap replicates, right half).

Figure 3 in Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

Figure 3. Monthly average densities of Godiva quadricolor and Polycera hedgpethi in comparison with surface water temperatures. Asterisks indicate Amathia verticillata blooms.

Figure 2 in Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

Figure 2. Diachronic peaks of density (individuals/100m2) of Godiva quadricolor at the 16 sampling stations of Faro Lake. The arrows indicate the supposed spread.

Figure 4 in Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

Figure 4. (a,b) Godiva quadricolor, different colour patterns; (c) G. quadricolor in deposition; (d) Polycera hedgpethi, typical colour pattern, feeding Amathia verticillata; (e) P. hedgpethi, 'pale' colour pattern, feeding A. verticillata; (f) P. hedgpethi, typical colour pattern, feeding Bugula neritina.

Figure 1 in Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

Figure 1. Italian distribution of Polycera hedgpethi (letters, square) and Godiva quadricolor (numbers, circles). 1: north Adriatic lagoon, Zenetos et al. (2016); 2: Noli, Ligurian Sea, Betti et al. (2015); 3: Sabaudia Lake, Macali et al. (2013); 4: Fusaro Lake, Gulf of Naples, Cervera et al. (2010); 5: Faro Lake, Sicily, present study. A: Sacca Sessola Island, Venice Lagoon, Italy (Keppel et al. 2012); B: Marina di Ravenna docks, Italy (Rudman 2005; Trainito 2005); C: Rimini coast, Italy (Ioni, 2011); D: Fusaro Lake, Gulf of Naples, Cervera et al. 1991 (1988)); E: Faro Lake, Sicily, Giacobbe and De Matteo (2013).