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645 results for “Spatial distributions”
Data from: The spatial distribution of foragers and food patches can influence antipredator vigilance
Antipredator vigilance is a major component of defenses against predators for many prey species. For group foragers, such vigilance is predicted by models to decrease with group size reflecting better predator detection ability and risk dilution in larger groups. Influential vigilance models for group foragers have made simplifying and often quite restrictive assumptions. Prey species, for instance, are expected to search for resources in groups of fixed sizes although frequent changes in group sizes often occur while foraging. Groups of prey in the same area are also assumed to be attacked independently, but predators could sequentially target several local groups after a failed attempt. I propose a framework in which prey animals can form groups by joining feeding neighbors and also adjust their vigilance in these groups of varying sizes. Predators can attack one of the many groups that occur in the same area and can also target groups of specific sizes. I used a genetic algorithm approach to simultaneously tackle joining and vigilance choices by prey individuals. I show that joining tendencies and the effect of group size on vigilance can vary with forager population size, the spatial distribution of resources, and predator attack tactics. The modeling framework adopted here generates several novel predictions about vigilance and joining tendencies for group foragers, and highlights the importance of considering the availability and vulnerability of prey groups in the same habitat when predicting antipredator vigilance.
Data from: Spatial distribution of nests constrains the strength of sexual selection in a warbler
In socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity may increase the strength of inter-sexual selection by allowing males with preferred phenotypes to monopolize matings. Several studies have found relationships between male signals and extra-pair mating, but many others fail to explain variation in extra-pair mating success. A greater appreciation for the role that ecological contingencies play in structuring behavioral processes may help to reconcile contradictory results. We studied extra-pair mating in a spatial context in the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), a territorial wood warbler. Over the course of six years, we observed 158 breeding attempts by 99 males, resulting in a total of 369 nests and 520 sampled nestlings. The spatial distribution of territories varied greatly, with males having between 0 and 10 close neighbors and between 3 and 39 neighboring nestlings close enough to represent extra-pair siring opportunities. Both within-pair and extra-pair reproductive success increased with breeding density, but the opportunity for sexual selection and strength of selection varied with density. Total variance in reproductive success was highest at low density and was mostly explained by variation in within-pair success. In contrast, at high density, both within-pair and extra-pair success contributed substantially to variance in reproductive success. The relationships between plumage and extra-pair mating also varied by density; plumage was under strong sexual selection via extra-pair mating success at high density but no selection was detected at low density. Thus, ecological factors that structure social interactions can drive patterns of sexual selection by facilitating or constraining the expression of mating preferences.
Data from: Population genomic analysis suggests strong influence of river network on spatial distribution of genetic variation in invasive saltcedar across the southwestern US
Understanding the complex influences of landscape and anthropogenic elements that shape the population genetic structure of invasive species provides insight into patterns of colonization and spread. The application of landscape genomics techniques to these questions may offer detailed, previously undocumented insights into factors influencing species invasions. We investigated the spatial pattern of genetic variation and the influences of landscape factors on population similarity in the invasive riparian shrub saltcedar (Tamarix L.) by analyzing 1,997 genome-wide SNP markers for 259 individuals from 25 populations collected throughout the southwestern US. Our results revealed a broad-scale spatial genetic differentiation of saltcedar populations between the Colorado and Rio Grande river basins and identified potential barriers to population similarity along both river systems. River pathways most strongly contributed to population similarity. In contrast, low temperature and dams likely served as barriers to population similarity. We hypothesize that large-scale geographic patterns in genetic diversity resulted from a combination of early introductions from distinct populations, the subsequent influence of natural selection, dispersal barriers, and founder effects during range expansion.
Modelling the Global Distribution of Chorus Wave Induced Relativistic Microburst Spatial Scale Size
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FIG. 6. — A in Spatial Distribution and Substrate Preferences of Bryophyte Species in Mangrove Ecosystems of the East Coast of Marajó Island, Brazil
FIG. 6. — A, mean richness; B, density of bryophytes in the sampled mangroves per substrate; C, interaction plot between sampled zones and substrate on mean richness of bryophytes; D, interaction plot between sampled zones and substrate on mean density of bryophytes.
Supplementary material 1 from: Prodanov B, Dimitrov L, Kotsev I, Bekova R, Lambev T (2023) Spatial distribution of sand dunes along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast: inventory, UAS mapping and new discoveries. Nature Conservation 54: 81-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.54.105507
List of identified beach-dune systems along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast
Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) emissions based on source-specific emission ratios relative to non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) give better representation of the spatial distribution of IVOCs in China
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Supplementary digital data for Exposure of Insects to Current Use Pesticide Residues in Soil and Vegetation along Spatial and Temporal Distribution in Agricultural Sites
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Spatial Distribution and Cluster Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Nepal
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Geographic range estimates and environmental requirements for the harpy eagle derived from spatial models of current and past distribution
<p>Understanding species-environment relationships is key to defining the spatial structure of species distributions and develop effective conservation plans. However, for many species this baseline information does not exist. With reliable presence data, spatial models that predict geographical ranges and identify environmental processes regulating distribution are a cost-effective and rapid method to achieve this. Yet these spatial models are lacking for many rare and threatened species, particularly in tropical regions. The harpy eagle (<i>Harpia harpyja</i>) is a Neotropical forest raptor of conservation concern with a continental distribution across lowland tropical forests in Central and South America.Currently the harpy eagle faces threats from habitat loss and persecution and is categorised as Near-Threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Within a point process modelling (PPM) framework, we use presence-only occurrences with climatic and topographical predictors to estimate current and past distributions and define environmental requirements using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis. The current PPM prediction had high calibration accuracy (Continuous Boyce Index = 0.838) and was robust to null expectations (pROC ratio = 1.407). Three predictors contributed 96 % to the PPM prediction, with Climatic Moisture Index the most important (72.1 %), followed by minimum temperature of the warmest month (15.6 %) and Terrain Roughness Index (8.3 %). Assessing distribution in environmental space confirmed the same predictors explaining distribution, along with precipitation in the wettest month. Our reclassified binary model estimated a current range size 11 % smaller than the current IUCN range polygon. Paleoclimatic projections combined with the current model predicted stable climatic refugia in the central Amazon, Guyana, eastern Colombia, and Panama. We propose a data-driven geographical range to complement the current IUCN range estimate, and that despite its continental distribution this tropical forest raptor is highly specialized to specific environmental requirements.</p> <p> </p>
Regularized satellite tracks from: Ocean warming alters the distributional range, migratory timing, and spatial protections of an apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)
<p>Data are regularized tiger shark satellite tracks used in "Ocean warming alters the distributional range, migratory timing, and spatial protections of an apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)" published in Global Change Biology. Paper abstract below:</p> <p>Given climate change threats to ecosystems, it is critical to understand responses of species to warming. This is especially important in the case of apex predators since they exhibit relatively high extinction risk and changes to their distribution could impact predator-prey interactions that can initiate trophic cascades. Here we used a combined analysis of animal tracking, remotely sensed environmental data, habitat modeling, and capture data to evaluate the effects of climate variability and change on the distributional range and migratory phenology of an ectothermic apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Tiger sharks satellite tracked in the western North Atlantic between 2010 and 2019 revealed significant annual variability in the geographic extent and timing of their migrations to northern latitudes from ocean warming. Specifically, tiger shark migrations have extended farther poleward and arrival times to northern latitudes have occurred earlier in the year during periods with anomalously high sea-surface temperatures. A complementary analysis of nearly 40 years of tiger shark captures in the region revealed decadal-scale changes in the distribution and timing of shark captures in parallel with long-term ocean warming. Specifically, areas of highest catch densities have progressively increased poleward and catches have occurred earlier in the year off the North American shelf. During periods of anomalously high sea-surface temperatures, movements of tracked sharks shifted beyond spatial management zones that had been affording them protection from commercial fishing and bycatch. Taken together, these study results have implications for fisheries management, human-wildlife conflict, and ecosystem functioning.</p>
SLF spatial distribution (Liu and Hunter 2022)
<p>Supporting data for the SLF spatial distribution publication</p>
FIGURES 20, 21 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 20, 21. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (male). 20. Dorsal surface. 21. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 26, 27 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 26, 27. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus (female). 26. Dorsal surface. 27. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 16.—19 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 16.—19. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (female). 16.—leg I, 17.—leg II, 18.—leg III, 19.—leg IV.
FIGURES 10.—13 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 10.—13. Steneotarsonemus spinki (male). 10.—leg I, 11.—leg II, 12.—leg III, 13.—leg IV.
FIGURES 8, 9 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 8, 9. Steneotarsonemus spinki (male). 8. Dorsal surface. 9. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 4.—7 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 4.—7. Steneotarsonemus spinki (female). 4.—leg I, 5—leg II, 6—leg III, 7—leg IV.
FIGURES 14, 15 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 14, 15. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (female). 14. Dorsal surface. 15. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 32, 33 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 32, 33. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus (male). 32. Dorsal surface. 33. Ventral surface.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.