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FIGURE 10 in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 10. Other species encountered as floatoblasts, scale bar = 100 µm. a) Plumatella osburni (Rogick, 1942), dorsal valve; b) Plumatella casmiana Oka, 1905, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) valves; c) Plumatella siolii Wiebach,1970, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) valves; d) Plumatella marcusi Wiebach, 1970, dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) valves.

FIGURE 9. Fredericella tenax n in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 9. Fredericella tenax n. sp. Statoblasts, scale bars = 100 µm. a) Three separate statoblasts showing round or irregular shapes; b) Statoblast valve showing faint pitted pattern; c) Scanning micrograph showing pitted pattern and abundant adhesive material securing statoblast to the substratum.

FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n. sp. a) floatolast valves: dorsal (left) and ventral (right), scale bar = 100 µm.; b) Detail of floatoblast periphery showing small projections, scale bar = 25 µm; c) Lateral view of floatoblast showing the taper to an acute angle, scale bar = 20 µm. d) Portion of a colony showing well sclerotized curitula, scale bar = 2 cm; e) Detail showing abrupt transition from sclerotized to soft parts, scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Natanella natans n. comb. a in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 3. Natanella natans n. comb. a) Portion of the colony showing four developing nautizooids (arrows), scale bar = 1 mm; b) Magnified image of a developing nautizooid, scale bar = 0.2 mm; c) Hibernaculum, scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 1. Map showing collection sites in Brazil; a) General location of collection sites; b) Collection sites in Pará State: 1— Verde Lake, 2—Tapajós River, 3—Juá Lake, 4—Jari Channel, 5—Downstream of dam on Curuá-Unã River; c) Collection sites in São Paulo State: 7—Santa Fé Lake on campus of Universidade de São Paulo at Pirassununga, 8—Aguapé Lake.

FIGURE 4. Tapajosella elongata n in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 4. Tapajosella elongata n. sp. a) Size comparison between floatoblasts of a well-known plumatellid, P. fungosa (left) and T. elongata (right), scale bar = 200 µm; b) Lateral view of two valves facing each other in their natural orientation, showing convex curvature of the ventral valve (left) and concave curvature of the dorsal valve (right); c) Scanning micrographs of the valves: ventral (left) and dorsal valve (right), scale bar = 300 µm; d) Scanning micrograph of the dorsal fenestra showing finely wrinkled-like texture, scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 8 in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 8. Presumed Plumatella philippinensis floatoblasts, scale bar = 100 µm. a) Dorsal valve from specimen from Brazil; b) Ventral valve from Brazil; c) Dorsal valve from holotype; d) Ventral valve from holotype. e) Dorsal valve of Plumatella fruticosa sensu Marcus (1942); f) Ventral valve of Plumatella fruticosa sensu Marcus (1942). (Figures 8e and 8f adapted from Marcus (1942).

FIGURE 5. Plumatella pirassununga n in New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?

FIGURE 5. Plumatella pirassununga n. sp. Colony showing recumbent branches and several statoblasts inside, scale bar = 2 mm.

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FIG. 2 in The distribution, origins and taxonomy of Tricellaria inopinata d'Hondt and Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985, an invasive bryozoan new to the Atlantic

FIG. 2. (a)-(d) Morphological comparisons of non-ovicellate and ovicellate autozooids of Tricellaria inopinata: (a, b) scanning electron micrographs; (c, d) drawings (based on additional micrographs) highlighting key characteristics. Note the substantial intracolonial variation in scutum morphology; (e) typical scuta of Tricellaria occidentalis; (f) typical scutum of Tricellaria porteri. All scale bars 5 100 mm.

FIGURES 16–18. Celleporina wellingtonensis n in New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait

FIGURES 16–18. Celleporina wellingtonensis n. sp. 16, Surface of mature colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. 17, Ovicell showing perforate ectooecial tabula. 18, Primary orifice. FIGURES 19–21. Osthimosia sirena n. sp. 19, Ovicelled zooid surrounded by adventitious avicularia. 20, A small adventitious avicularium with a curved crossbar. 21, Primary orifice. Scale bars: Figs 16, 18, 19, 21 = 100 µm; Fig. 17 = 200 µm; Fig. 20 = 20 µm.

FIGURE 1 in New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait

FIGURE 1. The south coast of Wellington in the vicinity of the new Taputeranga Marine Reserve (bold black line). Solid black shows urbanised land, with low-tidal rock, submarine rock, boulder and pebble gravel, and sand out to the southern boundary of the reserve, with depth contours shown at 10 m intervals. All of the new species were collected in guts and runnels of The Sirens Rocks or to seaward of these rocks.

FIGURES 22–28. Rhynchozoon zealandicum n in New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait

FIGURES 22–28. Rhynchozoon zealandicum n. sp. 22, Surface of colony from margin to centre showing the change in orientation of zooids in the centre of the colony owing to frontal budding. 23, Developing zooids at the colony margin showing the distribution of pore-chambers. 24, Orificial view of zooids near the colony margin showing suboral avicularia. 25, Recumbent zooids showing the peristomial processes. 26, Frontally borne adventitious avicularium. 27, Ovicells showing frontal ectooecial tabula and short broad labellum. 28, Primary orifice. Scale bars: Fig. 22 = 1 mm; Figs 23–27 = 100 µm; Fig. 28 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 2–6. Electra oligopora n in New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait

FIGURES 2–6. Electra oligopora n. sp. 2, Part of cleaned encrusting colony showing general disposition of runner-andbranch zooidal series. 3, Zooids with membranous frontal walls and spine tips intact. 4, An autozooid in quincuncial arrangement with its neighbours. 5, Proximal and distal ends of zooids in a lineal series showing the small area of porous gymnocyst. 6, The operculum fully folded back proximally, showing the marginal sclerite that supports it. Scale bars: Fig. 2 = 1 mm; Figs 3–5 = 100 µm; Fig. 6 = 30 µm.

FIGURES 13–15. Fenestrulina littoralis n in New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait

FIGURES 13–15. Fenestrulina littoralis n. sp. 13, Ovicelled and non-ovicelled zooids; notice the distinctive crest on the frontal shield and the ovicells; note also that the proximal pair of oral spines in one zooid is forked. 14, Zooids at the colony margin showing pore-chambers; 15, Distal end of an autozooid showing orificial condyles and the double sets of radiated pores between each pair of spine bases. Scale bars: Figs 13–15 = 100 µm.

FIGURE 52 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 52. Sphaerulobryozoon ovum (Smitt, 1873) n. comb. North Atlantic Ocean, off Tennessee Reef, Florida, United States. A–G. Paralectotypes SMNH-Type-1799b-e. H, I. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1799a. A, C, F–H. Lateral views of the four paralectotypes and the lectotype. B. Close-up of two zooids showing the terminal, cormidial orifice and interzooidal avicularia along the zooidal margins. D, E. Close-up of orifices and avicularia. I. Ovicellate zooid. Scale bars: A, C, F, H = 500 µm; B, D = 200 µm; E = 100 µm; G = 1 mm; I = 300 µm.

FIGURE 49 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 49. Anoteropora latirostris Silén, 1947a. Indian Ocean, Bab-el-Mandeb, Aden Island. A, B. Paralectotype SMNH- Type-8746b. C, D. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-8746c. E, F. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-8746d. A, C. General view of two young, subcircular colonies with ancestrulae. B, D. Close-up of the ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. E. View of the dorsal side of a colony fragment. F. Close-up of the dorsal side showing the large, distal pore chamber window and part of the ovicells at the colony growing edge. Scale bars: A, C, E = 1 mm; B, D = 500 µm; F = 400 µm.

FIGURE 47 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 47. Flabellopora lingua Silén, 1947a. Holotype UPSZTY 2221, Japan. A. General view of the colony fragment subsampled from the holotype. B–D. Autozooids and avicularia of different sizes at colony edge. E. Close-up of an autozooid surrounded by avicularia. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D, E = 100 µm; C = 50 µm.

FIGURE 51. Fedora edwardsi Jullien, 1882. North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine Bank. A–D. SMNH-128030. A, C in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 51. Fedora edwardsi Jullien, 1882. North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine Bank. A–D. SMNH-128030. A, C. Lateral views of two colonies. B. Group of zooids with operculum, some also with an adventitious avicularium. D. Close-up of two zooids showing the orifice. E–G. SMNH-128029. E, G. Proximal view of two colonies with emanation point of zooidal rows. F. Closeup of the proximal end with?ancestrula. H, I. SMNH-127677. H. Proximal view of a colony with?ancestrula. I. Group of autozooids with adventitious avicularia. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B, E = 400 µm; D, F = 200 µm; G, I = 300 µm; H = 500 µm.

FIGURE 48 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 48. Anoteropora latirostris Silén, 1947a. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-8746a, Indian Ocean, Bab-elMandeb, Aden Island. A, B. General view of two fragments of the same colony figured in Silén (1947a, pl. 5, figs 25–27). C. Close-up of two zooids, one ovicellate, and associated interzooidal avicularia. D. Close-up of two zooids, one ovicellate, at the colony edge. E. General view of another colony fragment. F. Close-up of an autozooid showing the robust orifice condyles. Scale bars: A, B, E = 3 mm; C, D = 400 µm; F = 200 µm.

FIGURE 50 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 50. Fedora nodosa Silén, 1947a. Gulf of Mexico, Florida, United States. A, B. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH- Type-8735a. C–E. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-8735b. F, G. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-8735c. H, I. Paralectotype SMNH-Type- 8735d. A. Lateral view of the colony. The nature of the chitinous tubes here and in (C) is unclear. It can either be interpreted as a kenozooidal attachment rootlet or as the polypide tubes of a coronate scyphozoan. B. Close-up of autozooids with operculum or closure plate. C. General view of the colony. D. Close-up of autozooids with adventitious avicularia. E. Close-up of two orifices with and without operculum, and additional orifice rims due to subsequent intramural budding. F. General view of the proximal end of the colony (i.e. ancestrular region). G. Close-up of the proximal end of colony with emanation point of zooidal rows. H. General view of the distal end of the colony. I. Close-up of the distal end of colony with kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 400 µm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D, G, I = 500 µm; E = 200 µm.