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1,047 results for “constraint”
Constraints on the explosion mechanism and progenitors of Type Ia supernovae
<p>Model spectra from <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.441..532D">Dessart et al. 2014, MNRAS, 441, 532</a>. This also includes the input hydrodynamical model at 0.98 d past explosion.</p>
Data for "Constraints on absolute chamber volume from geodetic measurements: Trapdoor faulting in the Galapagos"
<p>SNdif.mat: InSAR data covering the April 2005 trapdoor faulting event.</p> <p>SN_GPS.mat: GPS data of the April 2005 trapdoor faulting event.</p> <p>Both datasets were prepared and provided by Jonsson [2009]</p>
Did the western segment of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean closed in the Late Triassic? New constraints from paleomagnetism
<p>This is a supplementary infroamtion for the paper submitted to Geophysical Research Letters containing supplementary texts, Figures and Tables.</p>
Dataset for "Constraints on magma properties at fragmentation during the 2011 sub-Plinian eruptions of Kirishima Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan" by Kozono, T. and Okumura S. (submitted to JGR-Solid Earth)
<p>This dataset includes petrological data of pumices from the 2011 sub-Plinian eruptions at Kirishima Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan, used in "Constraints on magma properties at fragmentation during the 2011 sub-Plinian eruptions of Kirishima Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan" by Kozono, T. and Okumura S. (submitted to JGR-Solid Earth).</p>
Figure 3 in Macroevolutionary ecomorphology of the Carnivora skull: adaptations and constraints in the extant species
Figure 3. Scatterplot of evolutionary rates vs. morphological disparity after phylogenetic correction following lambda (for shape) or kappa (for size) mode of evolution. Line of best fit is shown when association between the two variables was tested as statistically significant (P <0.05).
Figure 4 in Macroevolutionary ecomorphology of the Carnivora skull: adaptations and constraints in the extant species
Figure 4. Partial least squares of cranium vs. mandible shape without phylogenetic correction to show taxonomic distribution and the respective thin plate spline PLS vector deformations on the total sample (left), subsample of fissipeds (middle) and subsample of pinnipeds (right).
Figure 1 in Macroevolutionary ecomorphology of the Carnivora skull: adaptations and constraints in the extant species
Figure 1. Landmark configuration on cranium (A) and mandible (B) of red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Scale bar is 1 cm.
Study of the medical service efficiency of county-level public general hospitals based on medical quality constraints: A cross-sectional study
<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> Since the new medical reform in 2009, county-level hospitals in China have achieved rapid development, but health resource waste and shortage issues still exist.</p> <p><strong>Design</strong>: We applied the Meta-frontier and SBM-undesirable(Slacks-based Measurement-undesirable) DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) model to measure the medical service efficiency with or without medical quality constraints of the county-level public general hospitals (CPGHs). The assessment includes four inputs, three desirable outputs, and one undesirable output. We conducted the assessment via Max-DEA V.8.19 software. Moreover, we analyze the factors affecting CPGHs' medical service efficiency based on the FRM model. </p> <p><strong>Setting:</strong> A total of 77 sample CPGHs were selected from Shanxi province in China from 2013 to 2018.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The results of this study showed that the efficiency level of county-level public hospitals in Shanxi Province is relatively low overall (the mean value of efficiency is 0.61 without quality constraints and 0.63 under quality constraints). This showed that ignoring medical quality constraints will result in lower efficiency and lower health resource utilization for high-medical-quality hospitals. The medical service efficiency of CPGHs differs greatly among different regions. Under the meta-frontier, the hospitals in the central region had the highest efficiency (efficiency score 0.70), followed by those in the south (efficiency score 0.63), and the hospitals in the north had the lowest efficiency (efficiency score 0.54). Factors that have larger impacts on the service efficiency of county public hospitals are the average length of hospital stay, per capita disposable income and financial subsidy income.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: To improve CPGHs' medical service efficiency, the government should increase investment in the northern region, and hospitals should improve the management level and allocate human resources rationally.</p>
Eco-physiological constraints of deep soil desiccation in semiarid tree plantations
<p>This is a database used to describe the response of tree's eco-physiological characteristics to deep soil desiccation, mainly including 60 years of simulated soil moisture and soil temperature, model calibration and validation data sets, and simulated physiological and ecological indicators in different precipitation years.</p>
Microseismic source imaging using physics-informed neural networks with hard constraints
<p>Locating subsurface seismic sources is crucial to both seismic monitoring and seismology. We propose a novel direct source imaging framework based on physics-informed neural networks with hard constraints. In this letter, we present the relevant dataset to the paper. </p>
Data from: Evolutionary constraints mediate extinction risk under climate change
<p>Mounting evidence suggests that rapid evolutionary adaptation may rescue some organisms from the impacts of climate change. However, evolutionary constraints might hinder this process, especially when different aspects of environmental change generate antagonistic selection on genetically correlated traits. Here, we use individual-based simulations to explore how genetic correlations underlying the thermal physiology of ectotherms might influence their responses to the two major components of climate change—increases in mean temperature and thermal variability. We found that genetic correlations can influence population dynamics under climate change, with declines in population size varying three-fold depending on the type of correlation present. Surprisingly, populations whose thermal performance curves were constrained by genetic correlations often declined less rapidly than unconstrained populations. Our results suggest that accurate forecasts of the impact of climate change on ectotherms will require an understanding of the genetic architecture of the traits under selection.</p>
Data from: Contrasting patterns of disparity suggest differing constraints on the evolution of trilobite cephalic structures during the Cambrian 'explosion'
<p><span>Trilobites are an abundant group of Palaeozoic euarthropods that appear abruptly in the fossil record c. 521 million years ago. Quantifying the development of morphological variation (or 'disparity') through time in fossil groups like trilobites is critical in understanding evolutionary radiations such as the Cambrian 'explosion'. Here, I use geometric morphometrics to quantify 'cumulative disparity' in functionally-important structures within the trilobite cephalon across their initial radiation during Cambrian Series 2. Overall cephalic disparity increased rapidly and attained a maximum within several million years. This pattern is dominated by the cephalic outline (in particular the genal spines), reflecting rapid, convergent expansion to the extremes of morphospace in a few early families. In contrast, removing the outline and focusing on structures such as the glabella and eye ridges (associated with feeding and vision, respectively) showed a more gradual increase in disparity, closer in line with taxonomic diversity and supporting the hypothesis of a relatively accurate trilobite fossil record. These contrasting patterns suggest that disparity in different structures was constrained in different ways, with extrinsic (ecological) factors likely having the biggest impact on overall disparity. It also implies that patterns of disparity in isolated substructures cannot necessarily be taken individually as representative of overall morphologies.</span></p>
Figure 2 in Geographical, climatic and biological constraints on age at sexual maturity in amphibians
Figure 2. Histograms depicting the age at sexual maturity distribution through the sampled species for females (left) and males (right).
Patterns of convergence and bound constraint violation in Differential Evolution on SBOX-COST benchmarking suite
<p>The data sets contain information collected during runs of :</p> <ul> <li>DE/rand/1/bin (D=20, N=50, F=0.5, CR=0.5);</li> <li>L-SHADE(D=20, N_init = 18*D)</li> </ul> <p>on all 24 test functions from instances 1-5 and 101-110 from the SBOX-COST and BBOB test suites.</p> <ul> <li>For the <strong>analysis with fixed budget</strong>, the number of independent runs was 30 and the stopping condition NFE (number of function evaluations) was 5000*D.</li> <li>For the <strong>convergence analysis</strong>, 5 independent runs were used for instances 1-5 of the 24 test functions and there was a combined stopping condition consisting of NFE=10000*D, population size larger than 10, variance of the population greater than 10^(-15) and the difference between the global best optimum and known best greater than 10^(-8).</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 1 in Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic-alpine spiders
Figure 1. Pearson correlations between the significant explanatory variables and the body size of Pardosa hyperborea and P. palustris. CW = carapace width; p1dSF = first snow-free day in the year before sampling; pSFP = snow-free period in the year before sampling; pq2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring of the year before sampling; 2q2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring of both years; q2P = precipitation sum in spring in the year of sampling; yTTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C for the whole year of sampling; pyTTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C for the whole year before sampling; 2yTTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in the year of sampling and the previous year; 2q2TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in spring of both years; 1DOY0 = first day of the year> 0 °C in the year of sampling; 1dSF = first snowfree day in the year of sampling; SFP = snow-free period in the year of sampling; q1SWE = snow-water equivalent in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1SWE = snow-water equivalent in winter of both years; q2SWE = snow-water equivalent in spring in the year of sampling; q2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring in the year of sampling; 2q2P = precipitation sum in spring of both years; pq4SWE = snow-water equivalent in autumn in the year before sampling; pq4P = precipitation sum in autumn in the year before sampling; ySWE = snow-water equivalent for the whole year of sampling; 2ySWE = snow-water equivalent of both years; q1TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in winter of both years; q1TTD_0 = thermal threshold days ≤ 0 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD_0 = thermal threshold days ≤ 0 °C in winter of both years; q1TTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C in winter of both years; q1P = precipitation sum in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1P = precipitation sum in winter of both years; 2q2SWE = snow-water equivalent in spring of both years;
Dataset for JGR Atmospheres manuscript " An Observational Constraint of VOC Emissions for Air Quality Modeling Study in the Pearl River Delta Region"
<p>The file includes hourly observations of ground-level ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations at 56 environmental monitoring stations in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China during June 2018. The units are in μg/m<sup>3</sup>.</p>
Phanerozoic tectonic and sedimentation history of the Arctic: constraints from deep-time low-temperature thermochronology data of Ellesmere Island and Northwest Greenland
<p>We present thermochronology and geochronology data from basement and (meta-)sedimentary samples collected on Ellesmere Island (Canadian High Arctic) and Northwest Greenland. The interpretations of our data are described and discussed in a paper in the journal Tectonics, titled “Phanerozoic tectonic and sedimentation history of the Arctic: constraints from deep-time low-temperature thermochronology data of Ellesmere Island and Northwest Greenland”. Our data include apatite fission track analyses, apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He analyses, and U-Pb analyses of detrital zircons. The data were used for inverse Monte Carlo simulations for obtaining time-temperature histories. We include descriptions of the analytical details related to the measurements, tests for potential effects of radiation damage on the (U-Th-Sm)/He age distributions, and we display the results of the Monte Carlo simulations for the individual samples. Our data set comprises a table summarizing constraints and specific parameters used for simulations (Table S1, summary input modelling), a table displaying the results of the simulations (Table S2, summary outcome thermal history inversions), a table displaying calculations of modelled overburden (Table S3, calculation of net burial and exhumation), a table summarizing the results of apatite fission track data, followed by several tables with the single-grain age and length data of fission track analyses (Table S4), a table with the detailed results of apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology (Table S5), a table with single-grain zircon U-Pb data (Table S6), and a table with the results of statistical analysis for distinguishing individual age groups from the detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions (Table S7).</p>
Constraint Superposition for Higher-order Logic
<p>This archive contains the evaluation results, scripts, problems and executables used for the evaluation in the thesis "Constraint Superposition for Higher-order Logic".</p>
Supplementary for Slab tearing and lithospheric structures in Luzon island, Philippines: Constraints from P-and S-wave local earthquake tomography
<p>The 3D seismic velocity model of the Northern Philippines was obtained from travel time inversion using LOTOS (Koulakov., 2009). </p> <p>The header of the file is:</p> <p>lon: longitude</p> <p>lat: latitude</p> <p>dep: depth in km</p> <p>vp_abs: absolute P-wave velocity (km/s)</p> <p>vs_abs: absolute S-wave velocity (km/s)</p> <p>dvp: P-wave velocity anomalies (%)</p> <p>dvs: S-wave velocity anomalies (%)</p> <p> </p>
Photogrammetric Triple Constraint
**The Photogrammetric Triple Constraint** Illustration for an upcoming article on [digitalEpigraphy](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com) examining the photogrammetric triple constraint of time, distance and camera cost (sensor size). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.