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Fig. 6 in A new burrow-utilising fanged frog from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Fig. 6. Habitat of Limnonectes cintalubang, new species, showing: A, a juvenile sitting near a burrow and B, the size of a burrow.

Fig. 5. A in A new burrow-utilising fanged frog from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Fig. 5. A, ventral view of right hand; and B, foot of male holotype of Limnonectes cintalubang, new species (KUHE 47859). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 4. A in A new burrow-utilising fanged frog from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Fig. 4. A, dorsal; and B, ventral views of male holotype of Limnonectes cintalubang, new species (KUHE 47859). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new burrow-utilising fanged frog from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Fig. 2. ML tree from a 2430 bp sequence of mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes for samples of Limnonectes species from Serian and related frogs from Southeast Asia. Numbers above or below branches represent bootstrap supports for ML inference and Bayesian posterior probability (ML-BS/BPP).

Fig. 1 in A new burrow-utilising fanged frog from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Fig. 1. Map of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, showing the locality where new Limnonectes species was collected (filled star).

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Fig. 4 in Molecular Evidence For Direct Development In The Rhacophorid Frog, Philautus Acutus (Rhacophoridae, Anura) From Borneo

Fig. 4. Consensus dendrogram of neighbour joining bootstrapping analysis illustrating distances of 12S and 16S rDNA sequences. The four Philautus acutus specimens are conspecific.

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Fig. 2 in Molecular Evidence For Direct Development In The Rhacophorid Frog, Philautus Acutus (Rhacophoridae, Anura) From Borneo

Fig. 2. Colouration in life of Philautus acutus, from Gunung Mulu,Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). Daytime colouration of specimen somewhat stressed during photography.

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Fig. 3 in Molecular Evidence For Direct Development In The Rhacophorid Frog, Philautus Acutus (Rhacophoridae, Anura) From Borneo

Fig. 3. Eggs with froglets assigned to Philautus acutus, from Gunung Mulu, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo): a, close-up of two eggs, containing froglets; b, close-up of a single egg. Note the bright iris colouration of the froglet and the opaque yellow outer jelly capsule of the eggs; c, dorsal view of froglet in the vitelline layer, after compact outer jelly capsule was removed. Note X-shaped pattern on dorsum and reduced tail with blood vessels. d, ventral view of froglet in vitelline layer, with compact outer jelly capsule removed. Note gut filled with yolk visible through skin and scattered iridophores.

FIG. 22. Silverstoneia flotator and S in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 22. Silverstoneia flotator and S. nubicola tadpoles: A. Back-riding S. flotator, late stage-24 larva, 13 mm total length, with clumped brown pigmentation and conspicuous, silvery reflecting iridophores (AMNH A-124209, 1 of 6 from Cerro Miramar, Bocas del Toro, western Panama). Prominent iridophores seem lacking in S. flotator larvae from the type locality (Barro Colorado Island, central Panama), but may characterize Colombian S. dalyi (see fig. 7). B. Free-living S. nubicola tadpole, stage 26, total length 28 mm; pale with thinly distributed melanophores (AMNH A-94849, largest of 3 from Fortuna Dam Site, Chiriquí, Panama).

FIG. 18. Silverstoneia punctiventris, n in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 18. Silverstoneia punctiventris, n. sp., showing variation in color pattern. Dorsal and ventral views of same specimens, from left to right: AMNH A-102092 (holotype), 102093, 102094, 102095, all adult females. Approximately ×1.4.

FIG. 17 in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 17. Palmar views of hands, ×10.9–11.8. A: Silverstoneia flotator (Dunn), an adult male (AMNH A-113885). B, C: S. minutissima, n. sp., showing hands of (B) an adult male (LACM 72019) and (C) an adult female (LACM 72016). Note widened third finger in S. flotator (A), a sexually dimorphic feature that characterizes some species but not others. Approximately ×11–12.

FIG. 7. Silverstoneia dalyi, n in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 7. Silverstoneia dalyi, n. sp. Prominent silvery iridophores appear to characterize back-riding tadpoles of this species. Top: Enlarged view of back-riding larvae in figure 3B. The presumed iridophores appear more uniformly distributed in life than in preservative. Bottom: One of the above tadpoles in preservative, showing irregular distribution or clumping of iridophores.

FIG. 5. Silverstoneia dalyi, n in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 5. Silverstoneia dalyi, n. sp., in ventral view. Top: Adult males, left to right: AMNH A-86919, 86921, 86928. Bottom: Adult females, left to right: AMNH A-86923, 86925, 86930. All from Quebrada Vicordó, above Noanamá, Río San Juan, ×1.8.

FIG. 2 in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 2. Species of Silverstoneia in life. A. Silverstoneia minima, n. sp. (one of the series UVC 13111–13127, 13131, 13170–13710; photograph by T.G.). B. Silverstoneia punctiventris, n. sp. (adult female MHNUC 321, 18.6 mm SVL; photograph by T.G.). C. Silverstoneia flotator (Dunn), adult male (AMNH A-69821, 15.0 mm SVL; photograph by R.G. Zweifel). D. Silverstoneia nubicola (Dunn), adult female (UVC 11654, 18.1 mm SVL; photograph by T.G.).

FIG. 4. Silverstoneia dalyi, n in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 4. Silverstoneia dalyi, n. sp. The adult male holotype (AMNH A-86920) in dorsal and ventral view, ×2.1.

FIG. 11. Silverstoneia gutturalis, n in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 11. Silverstoneia gutturalis, n. sp., showing variation in ventral color pattern. Top: Adult males, left to right: LACM 44068, 44070, 44075 (holotype), 44077. Bottom: Adult females, left to right: LACM 44058, 44061, 44069, 44073. Approximately ×1.7.

FIG. 9 in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 9. Habitats at the type locality of Silverstoneia dalyi, n. sp. Top: Rainforest stream near Quebrada Docordó, about 100–120 m. Bottom: Ridge-top rain forest, at an elevation about 30 m higher than the stream. The frogs were common especially near the stream (photographs by C.W.M., February 6, 1971).

FIG. 21 in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 21. Larval mouths of Silverstoneia spp. A. S. flotator (Dunn), AMNH A-116795 (1 of 7) from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. B. S. minima, n. sp., AMNH A-102090 (1 of 4 from back of holotype), Alto del Buey, Chocó, Colombia. C. S. dalyi, n. sp., AMNH A-155163 (1 of 6 from back of holotype, see fig. 3 bottom), Río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia. D. S. nubicola (Dunn), AMNH A-104230 from stream near El Llano–Cartí Road, central Panama. A–C show the mouths of three species of back-riding tadpoles in late stage 24 (spiracular tubes absent or indistinct), with total lengths of 10–12 mm. D shows the mouth of a larger (20 mm total length) free-living S. nubicola tadpole, stage 25; note developing keratinization of the beak. Arrows indicate weak anterolateral emargination of oral disc in S. dalyi and S. nubicola.

FIG. 20 in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG. 20. The distal thigh musculature of Dendrobatoidea. Left: Reproduction of Noble's (1922: pl. XV, fig. 6) illustration of the ventral view of the distal thigh musculature of the left leg of "Hyloxalus granuliventris" (specimen now = Rheobates palmatus, AMNH A-13472). Right: Distal thigh musculature of the left leg of Colostethus imbricolus (AMNH A-102085) with muscles further deflected and the limb more extended and rotated outward to better expose the inner knee. In both illustrations the distal tendon of the m. semitendinosus is strapped to the mm. gracilis complex by a binding tendon and inserts dorsad to the mm. gracilis tendon of insertion. Note that Noble (left) referred to the binding and secondary tendons (boldface on illustration at right) as ligaments. Abbreviations: Add. Mag., m. adductor magnus*; Add. Long., m. adductor longus*; Bind. lig./tend., binding ligament/tendon; Crur., m. cruralis; Grac. complex, fused m. gracilis major and m. g. minor*; Grac. maj., m. gracilis major; Sec. lig./tend., secondary ligament/tendon; Semimebr., m. semimembranosus; Semitend., m. semitendinosus; Tend. semitend., tendon of insertion of the m. semitendinosus. (*See Grant et al. [2006: 88, fn. 6] for corrections to Noble's illustration of these muscles, and ibid. [fn. 7] for comment on the use of tendon vs. ligament.)

FIG, 1. John William Daly (1933–2008) on the upper Río San Juan. This paper is dedicated to John Daly, our late friend and colleague, who helped collect three of the new species here described. In addition to his globally acclaimed discoveries in chemistry and pharmacology, John was an accomplished field herpetologist who contributed importantly to the systematics and natural history of dendrobatoid frogs (see Grant et al., 2006; Myers, 2009). This photograph shows John at age 37, with the upper Río San Juan behind him and branches overhead of a madroño tree (probably Garcinia magnifolia, syn. Rheedia chocoensis, Clusiaceae). When in South America, John was never far from a dendrobatid frog—this time, in the tree above his head, a tiny, undescribed semiarboreal species (also collected and later named "Dendrobates fuguritus" by our colleague Philip Silverstone). Other dendrobatids found nearby included Phyllobates aurotaenia (Boulenger, 1913), which was then being used for poisoning blowgun darts, and also the nontoxic species that we name Silverstoneia dalyi herein. (Photograph by C. W. Myers, 2 km above Playa de Oro, Chocó, February 16, 1971.) in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG, 1. John William Daly (1933–2008) on the upper Río San Juan. This paper is dedicated to John Daly, our late friend and colleague, who helped collect three of the new species here described. In addition to his globally acclaimed discoveries in chemistry and pharmacology, John was an accomplished field herpetologist who contributed importantly to the systematics and natural history of dendrobatoid frogs (see Grant et al., 2006; Myers, 2009). This photograph shows John at age 37, with the upper Río San Juan behind him and branches overhead of a madroño tree (probably Garcinia magnifolia, syn. Rheedia chocoensis, Clusiaceae). When in South America, John was never far from a dendrobatid frog—this time, in the tree above his head, a tiny, undescribed semiarboreal species (also collected and later named "Dendrobates fuguritus" by our colleague Philip Silverstone). Other dendrobatids found nearby included Phyllobates aurotaenia (Boulenger, 1913), which was then being used for poisoning blowgun darts, and also the nontoxic species that we name Silverstoneia dalyi herein. (Photograph by C. W. Myers, 2 km above Playa de Oro, Chocó, February 16, 1971.)