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2,283 results for “male genitalia”
Data from: Both male and female novel traits promote the correlated evolution of genitalia between the sexes in an arthropod
The correlated evolution of genitalia between sexes has been demonstrated in many taxa. However, it remains unclear whether female rather than male genitalia can play a key role in the correlated evolution of male and female genitalia. We conducted an extensive cross-population analysis of the divergence patterns of genital structures, weights of whole genital organs and the bodies of both sexes, and male genital length in a group of xystodesmid millipedes showing diverse genital morphologies. We demonstrate that the correlated evolution of male and female genitalia toward exaggerated states has occurred in the millipedes, which have evolved novel traits in both males (forceps-like gonopods) and females (retractable bellows). Enlargement and elongation of forceps-like gonopods may be advantageous in sperm competition, whereas enlargement and elongation of the bellows may facilitate acceptance/rejection of insemination for ensuring the female's fitness. These male and female genital parts have affected the correlated evolution in the opposite sex, resulting in diversification and exaggeration of genital morphology. Our study suggests that evolutionary novel traits in not only males but also in females could play an important role in the correlated evolution of genitalia between the sexes.
FIGURES 15. Male genitalia and tergite 2. 1 in Notes on the functional morphology of terminalia from Prorates ballmeri Nagatomi and Liu (Diptera: Scenopinidae: Proratinae) collected while in copula, with a description of the previously unknown female
FIGURES 15. Male genitalia and tergite 2. 1, Lateral view of the male aedeagal apparatus showing only the left distiphallus tip, dorsal bridge and gonocoxal apodeme removed; 2, Dorsal view of gonocoxite and aedeagal apparatus; 3, Ventral view of gonocoxite; 4, Dorsal view of tergite 9, cerci, and hypoproct; 5, Dorsal view of tergite 2 with patch of modified setae. Cordlike phallus and dorsal bridge shown in gray to help clarify structures. Measure bar a is for all genitalia, measure bar b is for tergite 2 only. bp, basiphallus; cp, cordlike phallus; db, dorsal bridge; dp, distiphallus; eap, ejaculatory apodeme; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gdp, gonocoxal dorsal process; gs, gonostylus; hp, hanging bell phallus.
FIGURES 89. Male genitalia, lateral view. 8 in Two new species of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), members of the ferruginea group, from Southern Brazil
FIGURES 89. Male genitalia, lateral view. 8 Basilia insularis sp. nov. 9 Basilia ruiae sp. nov.
Data from: Human-caused habitat fragmentation can drive rapid divergence of male genitalia
The aim of this study rests on three premises: 1) humans are altering ecosystems worldwide, 2) environmental variation often influences the strength and nature of sexual selection, and 3) sexual selection is largely responsible for rapid and divergent evolution of male genitalia. While each of these assertions has strong empirical support, no study has yet investigated their logical conclusion that human impacts on the environment might commonly drive rapid diversification of male genital morphology. We tested whether anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has resulted in rapid changes in the size, allometry, shape, and meristics of male genitalia in three native species of livebearing fishes (genus: Gambusia) inhabiting tidal creeks across six Bahamian islands. We found that genital shape and allometry consistently and repeatedly diverged in fragmented systems across all species and islands. Using a model selection framework, we identified three ecological consequences of fragmentation that apparently underlie observed morphological patterns: decreased predatory fish density, increased conspecific density, and reduced salinity. Our results demonstrate that human modifications to the environment can drive rapid and predictable divergence in male genitalia. Given the ubiquity of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, future research should evaluate the generality of our findings and potential consequences for reproductive isolation.
Figs, 1-7: Castianeira zetes Simon - Fig. I: Whole body (Dorsal view); Fig. 2: Chelicera; Fig. 3: Maxillae and Labium; Fig. 4: Sternum; Fig. 5: Epigynum; Fig. 6: Internal genitalia; Fig. 7: Male palp (retrolateral view) in SAC SPIDERS OF BANGLADESH-II : GENERA CASTIANElRA KEYSERLING, SPHINGIUS THORELL AND TRACHELAS KOCH (ARANEAE : CLUBIONIDAE )
Figs, 1-7: Castianeira zetes Simon - Fig. I: Whole body (Dorsal view); Fig. 2: Chelicera; Fig. 3: Maxillae and Labium; Fig. 4: Sternum; Fig. 5: Epigynum; Fig. 6: Internal genitalia; Fig. 7: Male palp (retrolateral view)
FIGURES 35. Caenotus tanyrhynchus spec. nov., male genitalia. 3 in Description of a new species of Caenotus Cole (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Baja California Sur, Mexico, with a review of the genus
FIGURES 35. Caenotus tanyrhynchus spec. nov., male genitalia. 3, Dorsal view of male epandrium, setae not illustrated on left side for clarity; 4, Dorsal view of gonocoxite and aedeagal apparatus, setae on dorsal gonostylus not illustrated for clarity; 5, Lateral view of gonocoxite and aedeagal apparatus. aa, aedeagal apodeme; c, cercus; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gs, gonostylus; h, hypoproct; ps, parameral sheath.
FIGURES 1213. Pieza male genitalia. 12. P. m i n u t a in Pieza, a new genus of microbombyliids from the New World (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae)
FIGURES 1213. Pieza male genitalia. 12. P. m i n u t a (Greene); a. lateral view; b. epiphallic complex, dorsal view; c. gonocoxites, ventral view. 13. P. ostenta (Melander); a. lateral view; b. epiphallic complex, dorsal view; c. gonocoxites, dorsal view.
FIGURES 78. Pieza male genitalia. 7. P in Pieza, a new genus of microbombyliids from the New World (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae)
FIGURES 78. Pieza male genitalia. 7. P. angusta (Melander); a. lateral view; b. epiphallic complex, dorsal view; c. gonocoxites, ventral view. 8. P. flavitibia, sp. nov.; a. lateral view; b. epiphallic complex, dorsal view; c. gonocoxites, ventral view.
FIGURES 1216. – Fig. 1213 in Descriptions of the spermathecae and male genitalia of the species of Crocidium Loew described by Hesse (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Crocidiinae)
FIGURES 1216. – Fig. 1213: Crocidium namaquense Hesse, 1963: 12. Male genitalia; 13. Spermathecae; fig. 14 – Spermathecae of Crocidium nitidilabre Hesse, 1938; fig. 15 – Spermathecae of Crocidium phaenochilum Hesse; fig. 16 – Spermathecae of Crocidium phaeopterale Hesse, 1938
FIGURES 711. – Fig 7 in Descriptions of the spermathecae and male genitalia of the species of Crocidium Loew described by Hesse (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Crocidiinae)
FIGURES 711. – Fig 7: Spermathecae of Crocidium karooanum Hesse, 1938; figs 89 – Crocidium lactipenne Hesse, 1963: 7. Male genitalia; 8. Spermathecae; figs 1011 – Crocidium microstictum Hesse, 1963: 9. Male genitalia; 10. Spermathecae.
FIGURES 13 – 12 Crocidium costilabre Hesse, 1963 in Descriptions of the spermathecae and male genitalia of the species of Crocidium Loew described by Hesse (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Crocidiinae)
FIGURES 13 – 12 Crocidium costilabre Hesse, 1963: 1. Male genitalia; 2. Spermathecae; Fig. 3 – Spermathecae of Crocidium chrysonotum Hesse, 1938
FIGURES 46. – Fig. 4 in Descriptions of the spermathecae and male genitalia of the species of Crocidium Loew described by Hesse (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Crocidiinae)
FIGURES 46. – Fig. 4: Spermathecae of Crocidium dasypolium Hesse, 1963; Figs. 56 – Crocidium dichopticum Hesse, 1963: 5. Male genitalia; 6. Spermathecae
FIGURE 4. Anastoechus male genitalia. A in New species of Bombylioidea in Mario Bezzi's Unpublished Hungarian Museum Manuscript
FIGURE 4. Anastoechus male genitalia. A, genitalia of Anastoechus spinifacies Bezzi. B, gonostylus of A. spinifacies Bezzi. C, gonostylus of A. miscens (Walker).
FIGURES 38–39. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 38, B in (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
FIGURES 38–39. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 38, B. gemella, Canada, Québec, slide AR0530 (CNC); 39, B. similis, Canada, Québec, slide AR0510 (CNC). Bar = 200µm
FIGURES 36–37. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 36, B in (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
FIGURES 36–37. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 36, B. plantariella, USA, New Mexico, slide AR0646 (CNC); 37, B. galbanella, USA, Alaska, slide AR0721 (EME). Bar = 200µm
FIGURES 42–43. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 42, B in (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
FIGURES 42–43. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 42, B. branella, Canada, Nova Scotia, slide AR0650 (CNC); 43, B. altitudophila, USA, Colorado, slide AR0545 (CNC). Bar = 200µm
FIGURES 40–41. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 40, B in (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
FIGURES 40–41. Bryotropha spp., male genitalia unrolled. 40, B. similis, Canada, Saskatchewan, slide AR0513 (CNC); 41, B. hodgesi, Canada, Québec, slide AR0647 (CNC). Bar = 200µm
FIGURES 1420. Male genitalia. Figs. 1416 in New flightless Eumolpinae of the genera Apterodina Bechyné and Brachypterodina n. gen. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Neotropics
FIGURES 1420. Male genitalia. Figs. 1416, Apterodina bechynei; 14. median lobe, lateral view; 15. median lobe, apex; 16. apical sclerite. Figs. 1720, Brachypterodina morae; 16. median lobe and base of endophallus, lateral view; 18. median lobe, apex; 19. apical sclerite; 20. endophallic lateral digits of endophallus.
FIGURES 54–57. Geron male genitalia. 53, G in Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)
FIGURES 54–57. Geron male genitalia. 53, G. stenos Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 55, G. subauratus Loew; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 56, G. vitripennis Loew; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 57, G. weemsi Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view.
FIGURES 50–53. Geron male genitalia. 50, G in Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)
FIGURES 50–53. Geron male genitalia. 50, G. peucon Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 51, G. prosopidis Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 52, G. rufipes Macquart; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, dorsal view. 53, G. senilis (Fabricius); a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view, phallic complex removed.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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