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769 results for “scale insects”
FIGURE 1 in Biruta Rasiņa's collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha Coccomorpha) at the Latvian National Museum of Natural History, including type material of several species
FIGURE 1. The sample box with microscope slides, originally sent from China to Leningrad to Nikolai Borchsenius; later, Borchsenius himself gave this box to Biruta Rasiņa. Currently, some of the type material of the taxa described by Biruta Rasiņa are stored in this box.
FIGURE 26 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 26. Eriococcidae, ovaticoccine form; adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 19, Fig. 16), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note submarginal zone without dense band of macrotubular ducts; microtubular ducts present; hind legs often with translucent pores; and anal lobes not well developed or sclerotised.
FIGURE 25 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 25. Eriococcidae, eriococcine form; adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 20, Fig. 17), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note submarginal zone without dense band of macrotubular ducts; microtubular ducts present; hind legs often with translucent pores; anal lobes prominent and sclerotised; derm without papillae. Hosts various but not on palms.
FIGURE 23 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 23. Kermesidae in part, adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 9, Fig. 6), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note dense submarginal zone of macrotubular ducts with inner ends strongly cupped; anal lobes absent or poorly developed; legs absent or vestigial; antenna with only 1 segment; dorsum of head without large ocellar spots; disc pores, if present, with no more than 5 loculi. Almost always on Fagaceae.
FIGURE 22 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 22. Phoenicococcidae adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 16, Fig. 13), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note derm covered in dermal papillae especially around margins; tubular ducts each divided lengthwise by a septum, so appearing 8-shaped in cross section; anal ring simple, with 0‒2 setae and no pores; and posterior abdominal segments distinct, not fused into a pygidium-like structure. On palms only.
FIGURE 21 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 21. Diaspididae adult female morphology, from Williams & Watson (1988: 12, Fig. 3), © CABI, Wallingford, U.K. Note abdomen with posterior abdominal segments fused into a sclerotised pygidium with dorsal ducts; pygidial margin with lobes, plates and / or gland spines; 1-segmented antenna; legs absent or vestigial; and disc pores each with no more than 5 loculi. The insects usually form a detachable scale cover incorporating exuviae of previous instars unless the adult female is pupillarial.
FIGURE 20 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 20. Halimococcidae adult and second-instar female morphology, from the illustration by G.F. Ferris in Zimmerman (1948: 431, Fig. 236). In the pupillarial adult, abdomen with posterior abdominal segments fused into a pygidium or pygidiumlike structure without dorsal ducts, and its margin without lobes, plates or gland-spines; and second-instar nymph with a hinged flap (operculum) surrounded by a sclerotised rim, this also present in test covering adult female. Legs absent; antenna only 1 segmented; dorsum of head without large ocellar spots. Detachable scale cover absent. On palms or Pandanus only.
FIGURE 19 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 19. Conchaspididae adult female morphology, from Mamet (1954: 212 Fig. 8), reproduced with permission from The Royal Entomological Society, St Albans, U.K. Note legs usually present; antenna with 3–5 segments; a pair of dorsal ocellar spots on head; sclerotised pseudopygidium without dorsal ducts; and disc pores each with more than 7 loculi, loculi often forming a flower- or star-like pattern. Scale cover not containing exuviae of previous instars.
FIGURE 17 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 17. Lecanodiaspididae adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 12, Fig. 9), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note antenna with 7‒9 segments; derm around antennal base without associated quinquelocular pores; venter of abdomen with transverse rows of multilocular pores only (no 8-shaped pores, although they are present elsewhere); and anal plates forming a butterfly shape, plus a small arched plate usually present more anteriorly. Additional diagnostic features are labelled on the illustration.
FIGURE 10 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 10. Kerriidae adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 6, Fig. 3), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. BP. Brachial plate. Note anterior thoracic spiracle much larger than posterior one; anal tubercle with anal opening surrounded by fimbriations, lobes and setae (in this case, setae); dorsum of thorax with a pair of brachia, each bearing a brachial plate, and presence of a large dorsal spine medially on abdomen. Body covered in a hard waxy test.
FIGURE 1 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 1. Margarodidae adult female morphology, from Foldi (2005a: 99, Fig. 8), reproduced with permission from the Société entomologique de France. A. Enlarged anterior leg for digging; B. Abdominal spiracle; note the absence of mouthparts.
FIGURE 2 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 2. Ortheziidae adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 4 Fig. 1), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note the spine on the antenna tip; presence of abdominal spiracles; ovisac band formed of spines, and sclerotised anal ring with six setae.
FIGURE 13 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 13. Micrococcidae adult female morphology, from Miller & Williams (1995; 219, Fig. VII). Note 3-segmented antenna (A); vulva on abdominal segment VI (B); paired anal plates with inner margins not contiguous (C), and tubular ducts with cup-shaped inner ends (D).
FIGURE 16 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 16. Cerococcidae adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 11 Fig. 8), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note 1- or 2-segmented antenna; derm around antennal base with a group of quinquelocular pores; venter of abdomen with transverse rows of 8-shaped and multilocular pores; and anal plate approximately triangular or shield-like.
FIGURE 5 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 5. Kuwaniidae adult female morphology, modified from Gill (1993: 54, Fig. 20), © California Department of Food & Agriculture. Note ventral apex of tibia with numerous capitate setae (A); abdominal spiracle with pores in the atrium (B); coxa normal, not divided vertically (C); distal end of tibia with numerous capitate setae; tarsus one segmented; claw with one or more denticles; and antennal bases close together.
FIGURE 9 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 9. Rhizoecidae adult female morphology, from Williams (2004: 755, Fig. 338), © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. A. Antenna usually geniculate, with no more than 6 segments; B. Bitubular cerore (tritubular in some species); C. Circulus. Note that each circulus is often raised on a sclerotised cone (see sclerotization encircling each circulus in the FIGURE); also the absence of cerarii, and of translucent pores from the hind legs.
FIGURE 4 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 4. Matsucoccidae adult female morphology, from Gill (1993: 56, Fig. 22), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note coxa appears to be divided vertically; 2-segmented tarsus, proximal segment very short; claw without a denticle; ventral apex of tibia with stout, acute setae (A); and abdominal spiracles without pores in atria.
FIGURE 8 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 8. Pseudococcidae adult female morphology, from Williams (2004: 18, Fig. 2), © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. Note dorsal ostiole (A); trochanter with 2 (rarely 3) campaniform sensilla on each surface (B); claw without a basal denticle, with or without plantar denticle (C); cerarii (numbered C1 - C18), and trilocular pores.
FIGURE 15 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 15. Asterolecaniidae adult female morphology, modified from Gill (1993: 10, Fig. 7), © California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Note tubular duct with inner end only slightly cupped and, inner filament not narrow; posterior spiracular furrow not divided; arched anal plate poorly developed or absent; 8-shaped pores present somewhere on body; cribriform plates absent.
FIGURE 3 in Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
FIGURE 3. Monophlebidae adult female morphology, from Williams & Watson (1990: 24, Fig. 5), © CABI, Wallingford, U.K. Note well-spaced antennae with basal segments only moderately enlarged, and each antenna with 8‒11 segments; ovisac band composed of pores; anal opening often distinctly dorsal, simple, not sclerotised; and well-developed mouthparts.
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