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1,558 results for “southern Africa”
FIGURE 10 in Three new species of the genus Ranops (Araneae: Zodariidae) from southern Africa
FIGURE 10. Live Ranops, most likely Ranops robinae sp. nov. from Kalkfontein Dam Nature Reserve in South Africa (Photos © Nicolette Josling).
FIGURE 5 in Three new species of the genus Ranops (Araneae: Zodariidae) from southern Africa
FIGURE 5. Ranops tharinae sp. nov. genitalia, A–B Male holotype (NCA 2020/541), C–E Female paratype (NCA 2020/543). A Left palp, ventral view; B Idem, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Idem, digested; E Vulva, dorsal view. Scales = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Three new species of the genus Ranops (Araneae: Zodariidae) from southern Africa
FIGURE 2. Ranops robinae sp. nov. genitalia, A–B Male holotype (NCA 88/534), C–E Female paratype (NCA 2007/1610). A Left palp, ventral view; B Idem, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Idem, digested; E Vulva, dorsal view. Scales = 0.2 mm.
Data from: Natural vegetation benefits synergistic control of the three main insect and pathogen pests of fruit crop in southern Africa
1. Most studies of the potential for natural habitat to improve agricultural productivity have been conducted in transformed, temperate regions, but little is known of the importance of agroecosystem services in biodiverse developing countries. 2. Natural vegetation may promote the density and/or diversity of natural enemies of crop pests, but the strength of the effect varies, and few studies directly measure concurrent impacts on pest density. Considering multiple pest species within the same agroecosystem may help explain why some pests are more affected than others by landscape complexity. Here, we investigated multiple pest species (three species of Tephritidae fruit fly, leaf galling flies and pathogenic fungi Fusarium spp.) and their enemies in cultivated mango Mangifera indica, in north-eastern South Africa. 3. The density of generalist Tephritidae fruit flies increased with distance from natural vegetation during harvesting months, and predation rate of pupae sharply decreased from ~50% at the edge with natural vegetation to 0% at 250 m into the crop. Parasitism rates of the cryptic, gall-forming fly increased with proximity to natural vegetation, but pest density was unrelated to distance from natural vegetation. Incidence of the fungal pathogen disease increased with distance from natural vegetation, possibly due to decreased predation of commensal mites. 4. Although the relationship with distance to natural vegetation was significant for all species considered, the strength of this relationship varied across pest species and type of natural enemy studied, suggesting the benefits of natural vegetation depend on each natural enemy species' ability to disperse into the agricultural environment. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that natural vegetation is a net source of natural enemies in a region of South Africa that still contains much of its natural biodiversity. However, the decline in natural enemies, and increase in pests, with distance from natural habitat indicates that this biocontrol is limited by natural enemy dispersal. In landscapes like these that are still dominated by natural habitat, conservation biocontrol can still be improved by management aimed at providing corridors of key plants and habitat elements into the crops, to facilitate natural enemy dispersal.
Data from: Genetic diversity of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in the northwest Atlantic and southern Africa
The white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, is both one of the largest apex predators in the world and among the most heavily protected marine fish. Population genetic diversity is in part shaped by recent demographic history and can thus provide information complementary to more traditional population assessments, which are difficult to obtain for white sharks and have at times been controversial. Here, we use the mitochondrial control region and 14 nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci to assess white shark genetic diversity in 2 regions: the Northwest Atlantic (NWA, N = 35) and southern Africa (SA, N = 131). We find that these 2 regions harbor genetically distinct white shark populations (Φ ST = 0.10, P < 0.00001; microsatellite F ST = 0.1057, P < 0.021). M-ratios were low and indicative of a genetic bottleneck in the NWA (M-ratio = 0.71, P < 0.004) but not SA (M-ratio = 0.85, P = 0.39). This is consistent with other evidence showing a steep population decline occurring in the mid to late 20th century in the NWA, whereas the SA population appears to have been relatively stable. Estimates of effective population size ranged from 22.6 to 66.3 (NWA) and 188 to 1998.3 (SA) and evidence of inbreeding was found (primarily in NWA). Overall, our findings indicate that white population dynamics within NWA and SA are determined more by intrinsic reproduction than immigration and there is genetic evidence of a population decline in the NWA, further justifying the strong domestic protective measures that have been taken for this species in this region. Our study also highlights how assessment of genetic diversity can complement other sources of information to better understand the status of threatened marine fish populations.
Data from: Bean yield and economic response to fertilizer in eastern and southern Africa
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is important in sub-Saharan Africa for human dietary protein. Low yields are attributed to biotic and abiotic constraints including inadequate nutrient availability. Research was conducted to determine nutrient response functions for bean production areas of Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia. Mean trial yields ranged from 0.32 to 2.60 and 1.72 to 2.89 Mg ha-1 for bush and climbing bean, respectively. Response to N was common except in Kenya and Mozambique. The main effect of P and K increased yield in Rwanda only but P and K effects were inconsistent in Zambia. Mean yield increase with a diagnostic treatment containing Mg-S-Zn-B was 0.41 and 0.58 Mg ha-1 for bush and climbing bean, respectively, in Rwanda and 0.36 Mg ha-1 in Tanzania with no effects in other countries. In Rwanda, the economically optimal rates (EOR) of N, P and K were >20 kg ha-1, but higher with less costly fertilizer. Variations in EOR for growth type varied with nutrient. The EOR of N in Tanzania and Zambia were generally <10 kg ha-1, depending on fertilizer costs, but P and K application had profit potential only in Rwanda. Yield, agronomic efficiency and profit to cost ratio, averaged across nutrients, were -36, 54 and 96% greater, respectively, with nutrients applied at 50% compared with 100% of EOR. Profit potential for the EOR of N is high when expected yield is >1.5 Mg ha-1 but responses to P, K and Mg-S-Zn-B vary with bean production area.
FIGURE 4 in New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from central and southern Africa
FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of: Silba namibia sp. nov. 1. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 2. ventral view. 3. aedeagus lateral view. 4. aedeagus ventral view. Silba spatulata sp. nov. 5. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 6. ventral view. 7. aedeagus lateral view. 8. aedeagus ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from central and southern Africa
FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of: Silba calceus sp. nov. 1. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 2. ventral view. 3. aedeagus lateral view. Silba figurata sp. nov. 4. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 5. ventral view. 6. aedeagus lateral view. Silba gongeti sp. nov. 7. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 8. ventral view. 9 aedeagus ventral view. 10. aedeagus lateral view.
FIGURE 5 in New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from central and southern Africa
FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of: Silba quadridentata sp. nov. 1. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 2. ventral view. 3. aedeagus lateral view. 4. aedeagus ventral view. Silba uganda sp. nov. 5. aedeagus lateral view. 6. aedeagus ventral view. 7. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 8. ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from central and southern Africa
FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of: Lonchaea haplosetifera McAlpine. 1. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 2. aedeagus lateral view. Silba budongo sp. nov. 3. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 4. ventral view. 5. aedeagus lateral view.
FIGURE 1 in New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from central and southern Africa
FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of: Lamprolonchaea longicercus sp. nov. 1. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 2. posterior view. 3. aedeagus lateral view. Lonchaea asymmetrica sp. nov. 4. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 5. ventral view. Lonchaea grandiseta sp. nov. 6. epandrium and associated structures, lateral view. 7. ventral view. 8. aedeagus lateral view.
FIGURES 14–16. Bolbella uhligi n in Two new species of Bolbella Giglio-Tos, 1915 from Southern Africa (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)
FIGURES 14–16. Bolbella uhligi n. sp. Holotype ♂ copulatory apparatus: 14, left epiphallus dorsal view; 15, hypophallus dorsal view; 16, right epiphallus ventral view. l Ep = left epiphallus, Hy = hypophallus, r Ep = right epiphallus, Ap = apophysis, Ti = titillator. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 6–9 in Two new species of Bolbella Giglio-Tos, 1915 from Southern Africa (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)
FIGURES 6–9. Flagellum of phalloid apophysis dorsal view of: 6, Bolbella rhodesiaca Beier, 1930; 7, Bolbella brevis Beier, 1953; 8, Bolbella affinis Kaltenbach, 1996; 9, Bolbella punctigera (Stål, 1871); modified from Beier (1953) & Kaltenbach (1996). Scale bar = 0.1mm.
FIGURE 2. Bolbella uhligi n in Two new species of Bolbella Giglio-Tos, 1915 from Southern Africa (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)
FIGURE 2. Bolbella uhligi n. sp. ♂ Holotype from Matabeleland, Zimbabwe, dorsal view. Scale bar = 3.0mm.
FIGURES 10–13 in Two new species of Bolbella Giglio-Tos, 1915 from Southern Africa (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)
FIGURES 10–13. Lateral appendage of hypophallus dorsal view of: 10, Bolbella affinis Kaltenbach, 1996; 11, Bolbella brevis Beier, 1953; 12, Bolbella punctigera (Stål, 1871); 13, Bolbella rhodesiaca Beier, 1930; modified from Beier (1953) & Kaltenbach (1996). Scale bar = 0.1mm.
FIGURE 1. Bolbella kaltenbachi n in Two new species of Bolbella Giglio-Tos, 1915 from Southern Africa (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)
FIGURE 1. Bolbella kaltenbachi n. sp. ♂ Holotype from Transvaal, South Africa, dorsal view. Scale bar = 3.0mm.
FIGURE 3 in Chlamydoselachus africana, a new species of frilled shark from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)
FIGURE 3. Pectoral fin skeleton of (a) C. africana paratype SAM 36076 and (b) Taiwan C. anguineus (DAE 881204).
FIGURE 2 in Chlamydoselachus africana, a new species of frilled shark from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)
FIGURE 2. Lateral view of Chlamydoselachus africana, male, 916 mm TL, paratype (SAM 36076), specimen now skeletonized. Illustration by L.J.V. Compagno.
FIGURE 7 in Chlamydoselachus africana, a new species of frilled shark from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)
FIGURE 7. Euclidean bi-plot of Principal Component 1 (PC1) and Principal Component 2 (PC2) case scores calculated from 28 morphological variables measured for Chlamydoselachus africana (n = 5) and C. anguineus (n = 10) individuals.
FIGURE 5 in Chlamydoselachus africana, a new species of frilled shark from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)
FIGURE 5. Distribution of Chlamydoselachus africana. The star represents the location of the holotype, the closed triangles represent the capture locations of two paratypes, and the open triangle represents two paratypes caught at the same location. The open circles represent records of Chlamydoselachus specimens whose species identification could not be confirmed.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.