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Fig. 15. A in Diversity in rhynchocephalian Clevosaurus skulls based on CT reconstruction of two Late Triassic species from Great Britain

Fig. 15. A size scale comparison of the skulls of lepidosaur rynchocephalians. A. Sphenodon punctatus (from Maisano 2001). B. Clevosaurus cambrica Keeble, Whiteside, and Benton, 2018. C. Clevosaurus hudsoni Swinton, 1939; C3, based on NHMUK PV R36832 (adapted from illustrations by Lavinia Gandolfi). In lateral (A1–C1, C4) and dorsal (A2–C2) views.

Fig. 11 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 11. Maximum likelihood phylograms of cox1 data (Alignment 4; 549 nt) for selected members of the Proteocephalidae. Bootstrap support from maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) nodal support are indicated as ML/BI; values <0.90 (BI) and <70 (ML) are not shown. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. The newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold. Abbreviations of the U.S. states where the samples were collected: AR – Arkansas; MS – Mississippi; OK – Oklahoma. Abbreviations of biogeographical regions: NEA – Nearctic; NEO – Neotropical.

Fig. 9 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 9. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on 28S rDNA data for selected members of the Proteocephalidae. Bootstrap support from maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) nodal support are indicated as ML/BI; values <0.90 (BI) and <70 (ML) are not shown. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. The newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold. The hosts are indicated by silhouettes. The sequence of O. europaea obtained from a fish intermediate host is indicated by an asterisk. Abbreviations of the U.S. states where the samples were collected: AR – Arkansas; MS – Mississippi; OK – Oklahoma. Abbreviations of biogeographical regions: NEA – Nearctic; NEO – Neotropical; PAL – Palaearctic.

Fig. 8. Ophiotaenia tkachi n in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 8. Ophiotaenia tkachi n. sp. from Nerodia fasciata confluens, host US 952 (MHNG-PLAT-0130134) (A, B, E, F) and N. erythrogaster, host US 1118 (G, H), and O. perspicua La Rue (1911) (C, D) from Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (US 951), all samples from Oklahoma, USA. A, B – cross sections at the testicular and ovarian level, respectively; C, D – eggs; E–H – unripe eggs (without fully formed oncospheres), drawn in distilled water.

Fig. 10 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 10. Maximum likelihood phylograms of cox1 data (Alignment 3; 1608 nt) for selected members of the Proteocephalidae. Bootstrap support from maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) nodal support are indicated as ML/BI; values <0.90 (BI) and <70 (ML) are not shown. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. The newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold. Abbreviations of the U.S. states where the samples were collected: AR – Arkansas; MS – Mississippi; OK – Oklahoma. Abbreviations of biogeographical regions: NEA – Nearctic; NEO – Neotropical.

Fig. 7. Ophiotaenia tkachi n in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 7. Ophiotaenia tkachi n. sp. from Nerodia fasciata confluens, host USA 21, Louisiana, USA, holotype (MHNG-PLAT-0063340). A, B – pregravid proglottids, ventral view; C, D – vaginal canal of unusual structure, ventral view (C) and en face view (D).

Fig. 5. Ophiotaenia laruei n in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 5. Ophiotaenia laruei n. sp. (A, B) from Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer, Illinois, USA (USNM 1696448) and Ophiotaenia sp. (C) from Thamnophis sirtalis, Michigan, USA (USNM 1351911). A – mature proglottid of holotype, dorsal view; B, C – terminal genitalia, dorsal view.

Fig. 4 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 4. Ophiotaenia perspicua La Rue, 1911 from Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer, host US 951, Oklahoma, USA (MHNG-PLAT-0130131). A – mature proglottid, dorsal view; B – pregravid proglottid, ventral view; C, D – cross sections of at the testicular and ovarian level, respectively; E – terminal genitalia (cirrus sac and terminal part of the vagina), dorsal view.

Fig. 2 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 2. Scolices of Ophiotaenia perspicua La Rue, 1911 (A–C) and O. laruei n. sp. (D–F) from Nerodia rhombifer, Illinois, USA (USNM 1351794); note larger size of scolices and almost triangular suckers in O. laruei n. sp. (D, E – holotype of O. laruei; USNM 1696448).

Fig. 1 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 1. Ophiotaenia perspicua La Rue, 1911 (USNM 1351794) (A) and O. laruei n. sp. (B) from Nerodia rhombifer, Illinois, USA (USNM 1696448), Ophiotaenia sp. (C) from Thamnophis sirtalis, Michigan, USA (USNM 1351911), and O. perspicua (D) from N. rhombifer and N. fasciata, Illinois, Alabama, Texas and Louisiana, USA. A–C – unmounted specimens from vials; D – mounted specimens; note erroneous labelling of the holotype of O. perspicua (USNM 1348631; dotted) as Proteocephalus variabilis Brooks, 1978.

Fig. 6 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 6. Ophiotaenia spp. from watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America. A–C – early pregravid proglottid, gravid proglottid and terminal genitalia of Ophiotaenia currani n. sp. from Nerodia fasciata confluens (USA 22), Mississippi, USA (MHNG-PLAT-0063341), ventral view; D, E – terminal genitalia of O. tkachi n. sp. from N. fasciata confluens (US 952), Oklahoma, USA, and holotype of O. variabilis (Brooks, 1978) species inquirenda from N. rhombifer, Louisiana, USA (USNM 1369891), dorsal view.

Fig. 3 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 3. Scolices of Ophiotaenia spp. from watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America. A, B – holotype and voucher of O. perspicua La Rue, 1911, Illinois, USA (USNM 1348631); C, D – O. perspicua from host US 951, Oklahoma, USA (MHNG-PLAT-0130131); E – O. perspicua from host USA 13, Tennessee (MHNG-PLAT-0035370); F, G – anterior parts and scolices of O. perspicua from the same host individual as holotype, Illinois, USA (USNM 1351794); H – holotype of Ophiotaenia laruei n. sp., Illinois, USA (USNM 1351794); note large, almost triangular suckers; all specimens from Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer; I–K – Ophiotaenia currani n. sp. from host USA 22, Mississippi, USA (MHNG-PLAT-0063341); L – holotype of Ophiotaenia tkachi n. sp. from host USA 21, Louisiana, USA; all specimens from Nerodia fasciata confluens; M, N – holotype (?) and voucher of Ophiotaenia variabilis (Brooks, 1978) species inquirenda from N. rhombifer, Louisiana, USA (USNM 1369891); O, P – paratypes of O. variabilis species inquirenda from Nerodia cyclopion, Louisiana, USA (USNM 1369892).

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Fig. 2 in High species diversity of Echinococcus spp. in wild mammals of Namibia

Fig. 2. Species and numbers of examined animals in the seven study sites; in brackets numbers of infected animals and causative Echinococcus sp. (EC = E. canadensis, EE = E. equinus, EF = E. felidis, EG = E. granulosus sensu stricto, EO = E. ortleppi) (Source of modified map https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Namibia_relief_locatio n_map.jpg).

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Fig. 1 in High species diversity of Echinococcus spp. in wild mammals of Namibia

Fig. 1. Location of the seven study sites in Namibia (Source of modified map https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Namibia_relief_location_map.jpg).

Fig. 4 in Otterly diverse - A high diversity of Dracunculus species (Spirurida: Dracunculoidea) in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis)

Fig. 4. Large clusters of Dracunculus insignis in paws (A) and joint (B) of North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) from Missouri, USA.

Fig. 3 in Otterly diverse - A high diversity of Dracunculus species (Spirurida: Dracunculoidea) in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis)

Fig. 3. Surgical removal of a Clade 2 Dracunculus sp. (FL15-33934) from a North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) from Florida, USA.

Fig. 1 in Otterly diverse - A high diversity of Dracunculus species (Spirurida: Dracunculoidea) in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis)

Fig. 1. Distribution of Dracunculus spp. in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) in North America. Species identifications are based on molecular identification or male morphology.

Fig. 2 in Otterly diverse - A high diversity of Dracunculus species (Spirurida: Dracunculoidea) in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis)

Fig. 2. Posterior end of a male worm of a Clade 1 Dracunculus sp. (NC-otter8C) from a North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) from North Carolina showing the paired spicules (A), gubernaculum (B, C), and the bulbous posterior end of the tail (D).

Fig. 5 in Otterly diverse - A high diversity of Dracunculus species (Spirurida: Dracunculoidea) in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis)

Fig. 5. Genetic relationships of Dracunculus spp. from North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) compared with other Dracunculus spp. based on partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences. The text in bold in the figure represents specimens analyzed in this study. Sequences with an asterisk (*) were derived from river otters (current and previous studies).