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6,025 results for “Science of science”
All data for: Megaherbivore impacts on ecosystem and Earth system functioning: The current state of the science
<p>Megaherbivores (adult body mass >1000 kg) are suggested to disproportionately shape ecosystem and Earth system functioning. We systematically reviewed the empirical basis for this general thesis and for the more specific hypotheses that (i) megaherbivores have disproportionately larger effects on Earth system functioning than their smaller counterparts, (ii) this is true for all extant megaherbivore species and (iii) their effects vary along environmental gradients. We furthermore explored possible biases in our understanding of megaherbivore impacts. We found that there are too few studies to quantitatively evaluate the general thesis or any of the hypotheses for all but the African savanna elephant. Following this finding, we performed a qualitative vote counting analysis. Our synthesis of this analysis suggests that megaherbivores can elicit strong impacts on e.g. vegetation structure, and biodiversity and all the elephant species promote seed dispersal. We were however unable to evaluate whether these effects are disproportionate to smaller large herbivores. Although environmental conditions can mediate megaherbivore impact, few studies quantified the effect of rainfall or soil fertility on megaherbivore impacts, precluding prediction of megaherbivore effects on the Earth system, particularly under future climates. Moreover, our review highlights major taxonomic, thematic and geographic biases in our understanding of megaherbivore effects. Most of the studies focused on African savanna elephant impacts on vegetation structure and biodiversity, with other megaherbivores and Earth system functions comparatively neglected. Studies were also biased towards semi-arid and relatively fertile systems, with the arid, high-rainfall and/or nutrient-poor parts of the megaherbivores' distribution ranges largely unrepresented. Our findings highlight that the empirical basis of our understanding of the ecological effects of extant megaherbivores is still limited for all species, except African savanna elephant, and that our current understanding is biased towards certain environmental and geographic areas. We further outline a detailed, urgently needed avenue for future research.</p>
Data from: Harnessing the NEON data revolution to advance open environmental science with a diverse and data-capable community
<p>It is a critical time to reflect on the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) science to date as well as envision what research can be done right now with NEON (and other) data and what training is needed to enable a diverse user community. NEON became fully operational in May 2019 and has pivoted from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. In this overview, the history of and foundational thinking around NEON are discussed. A framework of open science is described with a discussion of how NEON can be situated as part of a larger data constellation—across existing networks and different suites of ecological measurements and sensors. Next, a synthesis of early NEON science, based on > 100 existing publications, funded proposal efforts, and emergent science at the very first NEON Science Summit (hosted by Earth Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder in October 2019) is provided. Key questions that the ecology community will address with NEON data in the next 10 years are outlined, from understanding drivers of biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales to defining complex feedback mechanisms in human-environmental systems. Last, the essential elements needed to engage and support a diverse and inclusive NEON user community are highlighted: training resources and tools that are openly available, funding for broad community engagement initiatives, and a mechanism to share and advertise those opportunities. NEON users require both the skills to work with NEON data and the ecological or environmental science domain knowledge to understand and interpret them. This paper synthesizes early directions in the community's use of NEON data, and opportunities for the next 10 years of NEON operations in emergent science themes, open science best practices, education and training, and community building.</p>
Figure 1 from: Hill A, Guralnick R, Smith A, Sallans A, Gillespie R, Denslow M, Gross J, Murrell Z, Conyers T, Oboyski P, Ball J, Thomer A, Prys-Jones R, de la Torre J, Kociolek P, Fortson L (2012) The notes from nature tool for unlocking biodiversity records from museum records through citizen science. ZooKeys 209: 219-233. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.209.3472
Figure 1 - Organization of the Notes from Nature platform.
Figure 12 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 12 - Parnopes popovii Eversmann, 1857, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 11 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 11 - Hedychrum radoszkowskyi du Buysson, 1893, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 9 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 9 - Hedychrum flavipes Eversmann, 1857, syntype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 10 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 10 - Hedychrum mlokosiewitzi Radoszkovsky, 1877, syntype, habitus, dorsal view.
Plate 6 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Plate 6 - Chrysis annamensis Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Metasoma, dorsal view B head, frontal view.
Figure 8 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 8 - Hedychrum callosum Radoszkovsky, 1877, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 6 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 6 - Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 1 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 1 - Chrysis amoena Eversmann, 1857, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 5 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 5 - Chrysis potanini Radoszkowski, 1891, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 3 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 3 - Chrysis lepida Mocsáry, 1889, paralectotype, habitus, dorsal view.
Figure 7 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 7 - Chrysis subaurata Radoszkowski, 1891, holotype, habitus, dorso-lateral view.
Figure 2 from: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Figure 2 - Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1857, holotype, head and mesosoma, dorsal view.
Figure 5 from: Mietchen D, Hagedorn G, Willighagen E, Rico M, Gómez-Pérez A, Aibar E, Rafes K, Germain C, Dunning A, Pintscher L, Kinzler D (2015) Enabling Open Science: Wikidata for Research (Wiki4R). Research Ideas and Outcomes 1: e7573. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.1.e7573
Figure 5 - Relations of Advisory Board, Steering Committee and General Assembly.
Figure 4 from: Mietchen D, Hagedorn G, Willighagen E, Rico M, Gómez-Pérez A, Aibar E, Rafes K, Germain C, Dunning A, Pintscher L, Kinzler D (2015) Enabling Open Science: Wikidata for Research (Wiki4R). Research Ideas and Outcomes 1: e7573. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.1.e7573
Figure 4 - Pert chart explaining the main interactions of the work packages.
Figure 3 from: Mietchen D, Hagedorn G, Willighagen E, Rico M, Gómez-Pérez A, Aibar E, Rafes K, Germain C, Dunning A, Pintscher L, Kinzler D (2015) Enabling Open Science: Wikidata for Research (Wiki4R). Research Ideas and Outcomes 1: e7573. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.1.e7573
Figure 3 - Timeline of work packages and their deliverables.
Figure 1 from: Neittaanmäki P, Huttula T, Karvanen J, Frisk T, Tuomisto J, Simola A, Tuovinen T, Ropponen J (2016) Unicorn–Open science for assessing environmental state, human health and regional economy. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e9232. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e9232
Figure 1 - Links and interactions between the work packages
Figure 2 from: Neittaanmäki P, Huttula T, Karvanen J, Frisk T, Tuomisto J, Simola A, Tuovinen T, Ropponen J (2016) Unicorn–Open science for assessing environmental state, human health and regional economy. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e9232. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e9232
Figure 2 - Time line of the tasks in UNICORN-project
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.