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Fungal Diversity in Sarracenia Purpurea Pitchers at Harvard Forest 2009-2010
The carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea is widely distributed in the United States and Canada, and is host to a variety of symbiotic organisms, including symbiotic fungi. Culturing of S. purpurea pitcher contents in its native range uncovers diverse single-celled (yeast) communities; these yeast communities are dominated by the ascomycete yeast Candida pseudoglaebosa. We set out to understand how fungal diversity in S. purpurea pitchers changes over space and time, and how C. pseudoglaebosa might influence this diversity. In the summer of 2009, we assayed S. purpurea pitcher water fungal succession in Tom Swamp in Harvard Forest. We sequenced fungal DNA barcodes from 43 pitchers at different times throughout the growing season, and found that C. pseudoglaebosa has a strong impact on fungal diversity. It generally appears in pitchers early in succession, and once it arrives, it often becomes dominant quickly and decreases community evenness. We also identified two other culturable yeasts, Rhodotorula babjevae and Moesziomyces aphidis, which are common but not dominant in pitchers. In laboratory experiments, C. pseudoglaebosa outcompetes these two yeasts, but only if it is inoculated in large numbers, suggesting that C. pseudoglaebosa’s dominance is a consequence of early arrival during pitcher succession. The following summer (2010), we collected water from pitchers at five distant sites in the United States and Canada, and assayed fungal community diversity and C. pseudoglaebosa genetic diversity. We sampled pitcher plants from Tom Swamp in Harvard Forest, plus four other sites in British Columbia, Newfoundland, Georgia, and Florida (Floridian plants were Sarracenia rosea, a close relative of S. purpurea). Fungal communities tended to be structured geographically, with close communities resembling each other more than distant communities. In contrast, C. pseudoglaebosa exhibited three populations: one well-mixed population including isolates from Harvard F
Using Phenology to Forecast Species Distributions across the Eastern United States in the 2070s
Studies that use species distribution models (SDMs) to document the relationship between species’ geographic range and environmental conditions rarely consider functional traits, such as phenology, that strongly affect species’ demography and fitness. Using more than 120,000 herbarium specimens representing 360 plant species across the eastern United States, we created a novel “phenology-informed” SDM that integrates dynamic phenological responses to changing climates. Compared to standard SDMs based only on abiotic variables, our phenology-informed SDMs forecast significantly lower species habitat loss, and less species turnover within communities under climate change. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity and/or local adaptation in phenology may help many species adjust their ecological niches and persist in their habitats during periods of rapid environmental change. By modeling historical data that link phenology, climate and species distributions, our findings reveal how species’ reproductive phenology mediates their geographic distributions along environmental gradients and affect regional biodiversity patterns under future climate changes. More importantly, our newly developed model also circumvents the need for mechanistic models that explicitly link traits to occurrences for each species, and could thus facilitate the deployment of trait-based SDMs across unprecedented spatial and taxonomic scales.
Synthesis of Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2003-2019
In 2023, we synthesized the data from 6 Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment datasets (HF054, HF106, HF107, HF125, HF126 and HF161) to discern differences between the girdling and logging treatments from 2004-2019. Forest insect outbreaks cause large changes in ecosystem structure, composition, and function. Humans often respond to insect outbreaks by conducting salvage logging, which can amplify the immediate effects, but it is unclear whether logging will result in lasting differences in forest structure and dynamics when compared with forests affected only by insect outbreak. We used 15 years of data from an experimental removal of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. (Eastern hemlock), a foundation tree species within eastern North American forests, and contrasted the rate, magnitude, and persistence of response trajectories between girdling (emulating mortality from insect outbreak) and timber harvest treatments.
Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Addition Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2006
Climate warming and N deposition are occurring on a global scale with unknown long-term effects on soil microbial communities and the biogeochemical processes they perform. Few studies have examined the interactive effects of elevated temperatures and N additions on soil microbial community structure and function. The overall objective of this study is to investigate whether warming and N additions restructure microbial communities and alter the response of soil C pools to these two stressors. A related study is examining the interactive effects of warming and N additions on plant and ant diversity. This research is being carried out at the Soil Warming x Nitrogen Addition Study at the Harvard Forest which includes four treatments: control, warming (heating to 5 deg C above ambient), warming x N, and N additions only (addition of 50 kg N/ha/yr). Soil respiration measurements have been made monthly since the beginning of the experiment in 2006. In 2010 and 2011, two different methods were compared: static chamber measurements and instantaneous field IRGA assessments. Soil samples (~0-10 cm) have been sampled annually for total C and N, N mineralization, and microbial community composition. Most recently, soils were collected in October 2011 from across the entire profile (0-50 cm) to access potential changes in soil C and N pools with depth. First, 20 x 20 cm forest floor samples were collected. Mineral soils were then collected in 10 cm depth increments to ~50 cm. Samples are currently being analyzed for total C and N, microbial biomass and community composition and fungal gene expression (transcriptomics). Additionally, long-term incubations are being conducted to measure labile and recalcitrant C fractions. Additional soil physical (texture) and chemical (pH, inorganic N) are being measured. Field season measurements of soil respiration indicate that both warming and N additions continue to stimulate CO2 flux, with warming treatments having a stronger effect on re
Timber Harvesting Study in North Quabbin Region of Central Massachusetts 1984-2001
Although the northeastern U.S. includes extensive areas of aggrading forest, uncertainty regarding the intensity and pattern of forest harvesting hampers an understanding of important ecological processes and characteristics such as carbon and nitrogen storage, habitat quality, and forest dynamics, and impedes regional conservation and management planning. Due to the complex ownership pattern dominated by thousands of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners and the difficulty of detecting selective logging using remote sensing, details of the harvesting regime remain largely unknown to the scientific and policy communities. To examine the value of statewide regulatory data for Massachusetts as a unique source of this critical information, we analyzed 17 years of timber harvest data gathered for regulatory purposes for a 168,000-ha forested landscape in Massachusetts that is the focus of concerted conservation planning and intensive study of landscape and ecosystem pattern and process. The North Quabbin Region is heavily wooded with a complicated ownership pattern dominated by over 2,500 NIPF owners, three state agencies, and diverse conservation and municipal holdings. The extent and intensity of harvesting were surprising, with an annual disturbance rate of 1.5% and a mean intensity of 44.7 m3 ha-1 (approximately one-fourth of average stand volume). The predominant form of harvesting was selective removal of commercially valuable tree sizes, grades and species (e.g., Quercus rubra and Pinus strobus). The spatial pattern of logging was random with regards to major physical, biological, or cultural factors. However, logging was strongly related to landowner class. NIPF owners control 60% of the forest area and were responsible for 64.1% of harvest area, but the highest logging intensity (volume per area harvested; 69.3 m3 ha-1) among major landowners was conducted by the state agency responsible for managing southern New England's largest conservation property, t
Hemlock Understory Vegetation Plots at Harvard Forest since 2002
Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests in New England are changing rapidly with the invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae), a non-native insect pest that kills hemlock trees. As the adelgid invades hemlock stands at Harvard Forest, we are monitoring how forest structure and function changes. We surveyed community vegetation structure and composition prior to adelgid infestation, and are repeating this survey as infestation progresses. These measurements will allow us to link the long-term history of these hemlock stands to other current studies of hemlock response to adelgid infestation.
Prospect Hill Soil Warming Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1991
The soil warming experiment was installed on the Prospect Hill tract in 1991 to allow us to investigate the effects of a 5 deg C temperature increase on soil processes fundamental to the global cycling of carbon and nitrogen. The experiment is located in an even-aged mixed hardwood forest. Six replicates of three treatments, Heated (resistance heating cables buried at 10cm and maintained at a 5 deg C differential from the control plots), Disturbance Control (cables installed but not powered) and Control treatments make up the randomized block design. The temperature differential is maintained with monitoring at five minute increments by an automated thermistor network in the plots, wired to a multiplexer and a datalogger in the control shed. In the plots, measurements of trace gasses (CO2, N2O and CH4), nitrogen mineralization, soil moisture and soil water chemistry have allowed us to quantify changes in the soil system. Ten years of elevated soil temperatures at the Harvard Forest soil warming experiment suggest that there are limits to a positive feedback to the global warming cycle. After many early years of increased CO2 fluxes from the warmed plots, years nine and ten have revealed no significant differences in releases of CO2 between the heated and control plots. Nitrogen mineralization has shown a large response to warming as well, with twice the rate of N mineralized in years 1-4, followed by a gradual decrease in rates to about the 40% level in 1998. Resumption of mineralization measurements in 2001 reveals a continued decrease in mineralization rates. Field results from the soil warming experiment indicate that only a small fraction of the soil carbon in this mid-latitude forest ecosystem will be lost to the atmosphere in response to warming. We find that a 5 deg C warming of the soil for a decade results in a loss of about 11% of the carbon stored in the top 60 cm of soil, with most of this loss occurring in the first four to five years. By the end of the
Trace Gas Fluxes and Soil N Dynamics in Simulated Hurricane Experiment at Harvard Forest 1989-1991
This study examined the fluxes of greenhouse gases between soils and the atmosphere in the Simulated Hurricane Experiment. The abstract from the published paper (see Methods) is reproduced below. "Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) between soils and the atmosphere were measured monthly for one year in a 77-year-old temperate hardwood forest following a simulated hurricane blowdown. Emissions of CO2 and uptake of CH4 for the control plot were 4.92 MT C ha-1 y-1 and 3.87 kg C ha-1 y-1, respectively, and were not significantly different from the blowdown plot. Annual N2O emissions in the control plot (0.23 kg N ha-1 y-1) were low and were reduced 78% by the blowdown. Net N mineralization was not affected by the blowdown. Net nitrification was greater in the blowdown than in the control, however, the absolute rate of net nitrification, as well as the proportion of mineralized N that was nitrified, remained low. Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were correlated positively to soil temperature, and CH4 uptake showed a negative relationship to soil moisture. Substantial resprouting and leafing out of downed or damaged trees, and increased growth of understory vegetation following the blowdown, were probably responsible for the relatively small differences in soil temperature, moisture, N availability, and net N mineralization and net nitrification between the control and blowdown plots, thus resulting in no change in CO2 or CH4 fluxes, and no increase in N2O emission."
Hemlock History Plots at Harvard Forest since 1995
Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests in New England are changing rapidly with the invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae), a non-native insect pest that kills hemlock trees. The adelgid is just beginning to be observed at Harvard Forest, making this the right moment to begin intensive physiological, ecological and monitoring studies of our hemlock forests. We gathered detailed baseline information for several hemlock stands across Harvard Forest. We surveyed community vegetation structure and composition, and began to monitor soil nitrogen cycling. These measurements will allow us to link the long-term history of these hemlock stands to other current studies of hemlock response to adelgid infestation, and will provide the basis for intensive study of hemlock dynamics with the stands' anticipated decline.
Community and Ecosystem Impacts in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2003-2020
Hemlock decline in New England is caused by direct and indirect effects of invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid. Direct damage from the insect is causing gradual mortality of hemlock, and widespread harvesting of hemlock in advance of mortality creates a contrasting disturbance. Although both processes affect thousands of acres of forest annually, we have only a limited understanding of their effects on forest ecosystem function and productivity and the nature of the subsequent forest community. We anticipate that harvesting will yield different consequences than gradual mortality from the insect. Therefore we have designed an experiment to simulate the impact of both in order to contrast them. To simulate some of the effects of the adelgid (e.g., progressive mortality, retention of the wood on the site) we are girdling all hemlocks in a hemlock-dominated stand. In the adjacent area we are conducting a commercial harvesting of hemlock. Results from both experimental treatments will be compared to the changes observed in forests that are being infested by the adelgid, and can also be included in integrated analyses of a suite of large experiments that form a core component of the Harvard Forest LTER program.
Historical GIS Data for Prospect Hill Tract at Harvard Forest 1733-1986
This dataset contains elevation, 1986 forest type, land-use history, and soils maps for the Prospect Hill Tract, digitized from paper maps in the Harvard Forest Archives. File format = Idrisi 4.1 binary. Resolution = 10m x 10m. Coordinates = UTM zone 18. Datum = 1927 North American. This dataset has been replaced with a new vector series for the entire Harvard Forest (see HF110).
Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid at the Arnold Arboretum 2004-2007
Hemlock Hill at Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum is located in Jamaica Plain and has long been considered a remnant of the forest primeval in the heart of Boston. Eastern hemlocks have dominated the flanks and crest of this hill for centuries, despite experiencing many past disturbances. Following the 1997 snowstorm, the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) was discovered on downed branches. Since the discovery of HWA at the Arboretum, an action committee was formed to develop plans for managing Hemlock Hill to meet the new threat. Over 1800 hemlock trees were tagged, measured for diameter, assigned a crown health rating, and mapped with GPS coordinates. Various chemical and biological control treatments were attempted to control the spread of HWA at the arboretum, with mixed success. From 1998 to 2002, 263 trees have died or were removed due to poor health. Of the remaining 1600+ trees, 70% are rated as being in poor condition. Since this is a heavily used portion of the Arboretum, which is part of the Boston Parks Department, the decision has been made to remove many of the dead and dying trees to reduce risks posed to the general public by falling limbs. This unfortunate turn of events provides us with an unusual opportunity to examine the environmental impacts of hemlock death and hemlock removal in an urban environment, including soil nutrient cycling, microclimate changes, and vegetation succession, especially the spread of invasive species. During 2004, six 15 x 15 m plots were fenced off, and baseline data on soil nutrient cycling, microclimate, and vegetation information was collected from each. Analyses of these baseline data are underway. Hemlocks are currently being removed from 4 plots, and 2 will remain untouched as control plots. Slash in the cut plots is either being chipped and left on site or removed so that we can investigate what impact these post-cut inputs have on ecosystem and vegetation trajectories. We will continue with data collect
Physiological Model of CO2 Exchange by Hemlock Forests at Harvard Forest 1996-2000
A physiological model of carbon (C) exchange for a mature hemlock forest was developed, with separate component models for net photosynthesis (Pn), leaf respiration (Rl) , woody tissue respiration (Rw) and soil respiration (Rs). The model estimated that about 1.2 Mg C/ha was stored above and below ground between November 1, 1997 and October 31, 1998. This was generally a wet year with a wet and cloudy summer, except during August, which probably influenced the model output significantly. The whole-forest C exchange model estimated that most C storage in the forest occurred in spring. Warm temperatures with high soil moisture caused whole-forest respiration to exceed Pn during the summer, leading to a net C loss from the ecosystem. Leaf-level light-saturated Pn reached a maximum at about 20 deg C, then remained stable up to about 30 deg C, but at lower light levels Pn decreased above 20 deg C. This contributed to the lack of carbon storage during the summer, when the warmest days reached 30 to 32 deg C. Soil respiration was estimated at 60 to 75% of total ecosystem respiration, and during summer Rs increased exponentially with soil temperature with a Q10 of 3.8, so that from July through September, monthly Rs alone was 73 to 88% of total canopy Pn (Estimated monthly Rs ranged from 1.14 to 1.68 Mg/ha and estimated monthly Pn was 1.29 to 2.06 Mg/ha in July through September). A second major control on carbon storage by the hemlock forest was daily minimum temperature in spring and fall. There was no measurable Pn after daily minimum temperatures of -5 deg C or lower, although no effect of minimum temperature on Pn was observed for temperatures above 0 deg C.
Concentrations and Surface Exchange of Air Pollutants at Harvard Forest EMS Tower since 1990
In North America, anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel combustion and high-intensity agriculture have increased the inputs of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere far above natural, biogenic inputs. The effect of this excess N depends on how it is distributed through the environment. If fixed N is deposited as nitrate in forests, it may act as a "fertilizer", stimulating growth and thus enhancing carbon sequestration. But when accumulated deposition exceeds the nutritional needs of the ecosystem, nitrogen saturation may result. Soil fertility declines due to leaching of cations and thus, carbon uptake diminishes. The balance between fertilization and saturation depends on the spatial and temporal extent of nitrogen deposition. Measurements of nitrogen oxide concentrations and fluxes made at Harvard Forest are intended to quantify the deposition of nitrogen oxides and to examine the rates for oxidation and deposition of reactive nitrogen that are critical in controlling how far the influence of nitrogen oxide emission sources extends. Measurements made to date indicate that dry deposition of NOy to the Harvard Forest canopy is controlled by advection from source regions, vertical mixing, and chemical reaction. The input is about equally divided between wet and dry deposition depending on the amount of precipitation. Southwesterly winds bring air from the major urban areas along the mid-Atlantic coast, whereas northwesterly wind bring air from less populated regions of northern New England and Canada. As a result, southwesterly winds transport higher concentrations and fluxes of NOx and NOy than northwesterly winds. In the summer, aerodynamically rough forests intercept NOx and emit reactive hydrocarbons that accelerate the oxidation of NOx to rapidly depositing species. As a result, much of the NOx emitted by North America is retained by the region in the summer. This deposition leads to a summertime decrease in reactive nitrogen concentrations and fluxes relati
CFCs and Radiatively Important Trace Species at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 1996-2005
Measurements of 13 ozone-depleting and/or greenhouse gases are taken above the forest canopy at Harvard Forest, downwind of the New York City - Washington, D. C. corridor, every 25 minutes using a four-channel gas chromatographic system called FACTS (Forest and Atmosphere Chromatograph of Trace Species). The species measured are H2, CO, CH4, methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3), chloroform (CHCl3), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), CFC-113 (C2Cl3F3), halon-1211 (CBrClF2), perchlorethylene (C2Cl4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Observations began in January 1996 and are continuing.
Soil Respiration Along a Hydrological Gradient at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 2003-2006
Soil respiration is an important component of the terrestrial carbon budget. Spatial variation of organic matter and plant cover induce temperature and moisture gradations that obscure direct response of soil respiration to radiative forcing. Separation of spatial patterns from microclimate and substrate availability is vital to predict the response to global change. We are measuring temporal and spatial patterns of soil CO2 flux across a hydrological gradient from wetland to upland soils. A system of 8 automated opaque chambers were installed in 2003 along a hydrological gradient on the northeast margin of the "Beaver Swamp" north of the EMS tower (+42.537755,-72.171478). Two additional clear chambers were installed in the wetland in 2006. Each automated chamber closes for a measurement every four hours. The resulting semi-continuous data has been providing a high-temporal density characterization of soil flux during the growing season since 2003. Soil temperature and moisture were recorded in the litter, organic, and mineral soils during 2004 at three locations along the slope. These structures will provide a database of soil respiration flux, temperature, and soil moisture with both high spatial and temporal resolution, across multiple cover types and ground water levels. The analysis will seek to determine the appropriate spatial scale of soil respiration measurement in eastern hardwood forests.
Biomass Inventories at Harvard Forest EMS Tower since 1993
In 1993, we installed 40 circular, 10 m radius biometric plots in the footprint of the EMS tower on Prospect Hill. We randomly placed the plots within 100 m increments along ten 500 m transects that extend from the tower in the northwest and southwest directions. In 2001, we removed three plots (G3, H3, H4) from the datasets and ceased measurements there due to their inundation by a beaver pond. In 1999, we installed 6 additional circular, 10 m radius biometric plots on the Simes Lot, adjacent to Prospect Hill to study the effects of a selective harvest that occurred there in the winter of 2000-01. In the summer of 2001, we expanded the harvested plots in size to 15 m radius and ceased measurements at one plot (X4) because it was unaffected by the harvest. The harvest also affected three of the original tower plots (A4, A5, B5), which were expanded in size as a part of the harvest plot group. Consequently, there are 34 tower plots and 8 harvest plots. We have taken the following ecological measurements at each site: tree growth, woody debris, litter, leaf area increment (LAI), leaf chemistry, and soil respiration and moisture.
DIRT Litter Manipulation Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1990
The DIRT Experiment (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) is a long-term study of controls on soil organic matter formation. Our goal is to assess how rates and sources of plant litter inputs control the accumulation and dynamics of organic matter and nutrients in forest soils over decadal time scales. Results from 11 years of field and laboratory studies demonstrate the relative importance of above- and belowground sources on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and show emerging long-term non-linear changes in soil carbon release and storage. Treatments established in a mixed hardwood stand in 1990 are: doubling annual aboveground litter (DL), exclusion of aboveground litter (NL), exclusion of root inputs by trenching (NR), and exclusion of aboveground litter and root inputs (NI), on replicated 3m x 3m plots (n=3 for treatments, 6 for controls). The O/A-less treatment, implemented in 1991, tracks the recovery of impoverished soil by replacing O and A horizon soil with B horizon material and allowing normal litter inputs thereafter. Comparison of data among treatments (soil respiration, soil solution chemistry, soil physical and chemical properties, and microfaunal and microbial community structure) allows us to determine the contributions of live roots, above-ground litter, and belowground detritus to SOM and nutrient dynamics in this forest soil. Similar experiments in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Oregon, and Hungarian forests provide information on these processes across climate and soil texture gradients. First-year soil respiration results from the Harvard Forest DIRT plots showed that live root respiration, production of aboveground litter (leaf, twig, other fine litter) and fine root detritus each constitute about one-third of C inputs to soil. Soil respiration is influenced more by root inputs than aboveground litter in this forest. CO2 efflux from root-excluded soils (NR, NI) declined to 32% of controls over the first 11 years of treatments as soil C became mo
Prospect Hill Hydrological Stations at Harvard Forest since 2005
To better understand the critical role of headwater streams and wetlands in our forest ecosystem, long-term measurements were initiated in 2005 on two small watersheds in the Prospect Hill Tract of the Harvard Forest. On Nelson Brook, weirs were installed on outlet streams of an 11-ha spruce-hemlock wetland (watershed area = 44 ha). On Arthur Brook (formerly Bigelow Brook), pipes were installed to measure flow above (watershed = 24 ha) and below (watershed = 65 ha) a 3-ha shrub-dominated beaver swamp. The gaged watersheds, though adjacent and comparable in size, differ significantly in topography, soils, wetlands, stream chemistry, stream biota, land-use history, and forest vegetation, and provide an extraordinary opportunity to study the impacts of these factors on small watershed hydrology and ecology. Weekly manual measurements were initiated in April 2005. Continuous automated measurements were initiated at the stream gages in December 2007 and at the wetland gages in October 2008. Data for the current month are available online, updated every 15 minutes, with out-of-range values replaced by NA but values not otherwise checked. Earlier data are checked and archived monthly with missing, questionable, and estimated values flagged, following methods of the LTER ClimbDB project. A log of events affecting station measurements is also posted. For current data, please see: https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/met-hydro-stations.
Net Carbon Exchange of a Young Upper-Slope Deciduous Forest at Harvard Forest LPH Tower 2002-2010
This data set contains sensible heat exchange, water vapor exchange and carbon exchange as well as environmental data for a deciduous forest dominated by red oak (Quercus rubra). It is 1.1 km WNW of the EMS tower where continuous eddy covariance measurements began in 1992 (see HF004). The High Deciduous site is about 385 m a.s.l., or 35 m higher in elevation than the EMS, which is situated in a relatively low area near a stream. The forest near this eddy covariance tower is broadly similar in species composition to the EMS site, but it is younger and shorter in stature. The site was cleared for pasture, but not deeply plowed or planted, in the 18th and19th centuries. Agriculture on the site was abandoned near the end of the 19th century. The forest within 200 to 300 m of the eddy covariance tower to the NW, W, SW, and S burned in an intense fire in 1957, which left few or no surviving trees.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.