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1,053 results for “Computed Tomography”
Data from: Pleural effusion biomarkers and computed tomography findings in diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma: a retrospective study in a single center
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Data from: Redescription of Phymolepis cuifengshanensis (Antiarcha: Yunnanolepididae) using high-resolution computed tomography and new insights into anatomical details of the endocranium in antiarchs
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Data from: Computed tomography, anatomical description and three-dimensional reconstruction of the lower jaw of Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves, 1881 from the Upper Devonian of Canada
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Raw data for "First ptychographic X-ray computed tomography experiment at the NanoMAX beamline"
<p>Raw data used in "First ptychographic X-ray computed tomography experiment at the NanoMAX beamline" by M. Kahnt, S. Sala, U. Johansson, Z. Jiang, S. Kalbfleisch, F. Lenrick, J. H. Pikul and K. Thånell, submitted to the journal of applied crystallography.</p>
Automated X-ray computer tomography segmentation method for finite element analysis of non-crimp fabrics reinforced composites
<p>Data behind the publications:</p> <p>Auenhammer, R.M., Mikkelsen, L.P., Asp, L., Blinzler, B. Automated X-ray computer tomography segmentation method for finite element analysis of non-crimp fabric reinforced composites. <em>Composite Structures, </em><strong>256</strong>, 113136, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113136">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113136</a>, 2021.</p> <p>Auenhammer, Robert M., Lars P. Mikkelsen, Leif E. Asp, Brina J. Blinzler, Dataset of non-crimp fabric reinforced composites for an X-ray computer tomography aided engineering process, <em>Data in Brief, </em><strong>33</strong>, 106518, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106518">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106518</a>, 2020.</p> <p>Auenhammer, R.M., L.P. Mikkelsen, L.E. Asp, B.J. Blinzler, X-ray tomography based numerical analysis of stress concentrations in non-crimp fabric reinforced composites - assessment of segmentation methods. <em>IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.</em> <strong>942</strong>, 012038, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/942/1/012038">https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/942/1/012038</a>, 2020</p> <p>The data-set contain data from three samples: A, E and G. </p> <p>For each sample the data are saved in the follow format</p> <ul> <li>X-ray scan: nii-files</li> <li>SEM scan: tif-files</li> <li>Abaqus files: inp-files </li> <li>X-ray setting: pdf-files</li> <li>SEM settings: hdr-ascii files</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data from: A new approach using high-resolution computed tomography to test the buoyant properties of chambered cephalopod shells
The chambered shell of modern cephalopods functions as a buoyancy apparatus, allowing the animal to enter the water column without expending a large amount of energy to overcome its own weight. Indeed, the chambered shell is largely considered a key adaptation that allowed the earliest cephalopods to leave the ocean floor and enter the water column. It has been argued by some, however, that the iconic chambered shell of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ammonoids did not provide a sufficiently buoyant force to compensate for the weight of the entire animal, thus restricting ammonoids to a largely benthic lifestyle reminiscent of some octopods. Here we develop a technique using high-resolution computed tomography to quantify the buoyant properties of chambered shells without reducing the shell to ideal spirals or eliminating inherent biological variability by using mathematical models that characterize past work in this area. This technique has been tested on Nautilus pompilius and is now extended to the extant deep-sea squid Spirula spirula and the Jurassic ammonite Cadoceras sp. hatchling. Cadoceras is found to have possessed near-neutral to positive buoyancy if hatched when the shell possessed between three and five chambers. However, we show that the animal could also overcome degrees of negative buoyancy through swimming, similar to the paralarvae of modern squids. These calculations challenge past inferences of benthic life habits based solely on calculations of negative buoyancy. The calculated buoyancy of Cadoceras supports the possibility of planktonic dispersal of ammonite hatchlings. This information is essential to understanding ammonoid ecology as well as biotic interactions and has implications for the interpretation of geochemical data gained from the isotopic analysis of the shell.
Data from: Quantitative comparison of commercial and non-commercial metal artifact reduction techniques in computed tomography
Objectives: Typical streak artifacts known as metal artifacts occur in the presence of strongly attenuating materials in computed tomography (CT). Recently, vendors have started offering metal artifact reduction (MAR) techniques. In addition, a MAR technique called the metal deletion technique (MDT) is freely available and able to reduce metal artifacts using reconstructed images. Although a comparison of the MDT to other MAR techniques exists, a comparison of commercially available MAR techniques is lacking. The aim of this study was therefore to quantify the difference in effectiveness of the currently available MAR techniques of different scanners and the MDT technique. Materials and Methods: Three vendors were asked to use their preferential CT scanner for applying their MAR techniques. The scans were performed on a Philips Brilliance ICT 256 (S1), a GE Discovery CT 750 HD (S2) and a Siemens Somatom Definition AS Open (S3). The scans were made using an anthropomorphic head and neck phantom (Kyoto Kagaku, Japan). Three amalgam dental implants were constructed and inserted between the phantom's teeth. The average absolute error (AAE) was calculated for all reconstructions in the proximity of the amalgam implants. Results: The commercial techniques reduced the AAE by 22.0±1.6%, 16.2±2.6% and 3.3±0.7% for S1 to S3 respectively. After applying the MDT to uncorrected scans of each scanner the AAE was reduced by 26.1±2.3%, 27.9±1.0% and 28.8±0.5% respectively. The difference in efficiency between the commercial techniques and the MDT was statistically significant for S2 (p=0.004) and S3 (p<0.001), but not for S1 (p=0.63). Conclusions: The effectiveness of MAR differs between vendors. S1 performed slightly better than S2 and both performed better than S3. Furthermore, for our phantom and outcome measure the MDT was more effective than the commercial MAR technique on all scanners.
Contrast solution properties and scan parameters influence the apparent diffusivity of computed tomography contrast agents in articular cartilage
<p>The inability to detect early degenerative changes to the articular cartilage surface that commonly precede bulk osteoarthritic degradation is an obstacle to early disease detection for research or clinical diagnosis. Leveraging a known artifact that blurs tissue boundaries in clinical arthrograms, contrast agent diffusivity can be derived from computed tomography arthrography (CTa) scans. We combined experimental and computational approaches to study protocol variations that may alter the CTa-derived apparent diffusivity. In experimental studies on bovine cartilage explants, we examined how contrast agent dilution and transport direction (absorption vs. desorption) influence the apparent diffusivity of untreated and enzymatically digested cartilage. Using multiphysics simulations, we examined mechanisms underlying experimental observations and the effects of image resolution, scan interval and early scan termination. The apparent diffusivity during absorption decreased with increasing contrast agent concentration by an amount similar to the increase induced by tissue digestion. Models indicated that osmotically induced fluid efflux strongly contributed to the concentration effect. Simulated changes to spatial resolution, scan spacing and total scan time all influenced the apparent diffusivity, indicating the importance of consistent protocols. With careful control of imaging protocols and interpretations guided by transport models, CTa-derived diffusivity offers promise as a biomarker for early degenerative changes.</p>
Figure 9 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 9 - Comparative material, Carychium mexicanum Pilsbry, 1891 (AJC 2092) from Puebla, Mexico A, C, E, G, I, K and topotypic C. costaricanum E. von Martens, 1898 (AJC 2093) B, D, F, H, J, L; A–L CT scans showing columellar apparatus and configuration of the columellar lamella in both species A–L. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 8 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 8 - Comparative material, Carychium mexicanum Pilsbry, 1891 (AJC 2092) from Puebla, Mexico. A–L fresh shells collected proximal to topotypic locality (Orizaba, Mexico) A, I–J degrees of variation in apertural barriers. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 7 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 7 - Comparative material, Carychium floridanum Clapp, 1918 (CM 46540). A–F CT scans showing columellar apparatus and simple lamellar sinuosity of syntype C moderately thickened S-shaped lamella A, E zones of increased callus concentration on the peristome G umbilical view showing turned back rim of peristome. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 14 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 14 - Carychium zarzaae sp. n. A–D CT scans showing columellar apparatus of paratype (NMBE 549927/1) D–F prominent parietal denticle. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 10 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 10 - Type locality of Carychium hardiei sp. n., Indian Springs State Park, Flovilla, Georgia, USA. A collector A. Jochum; B Carychium hardiei in action on rotten leaf.
Figure 4 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 4 - Carychium hardiei sp. n. A–F holotype (NMBE 549920/1) G–L paratype shell (NMBE 549921/8). Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 6 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 6 - Comparative material, Carychium floridanum Clapp, 1918 (CM 46540). A–H syntypes and specimen information; E peristome with thick parieto-columellar callus and prominent parietal denticle. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 12 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 12 - Carychium belizeense sp. n. A–L CT scans showing columellar apparatus of paratype (NMBE 549924/8) C–D two-tiered, tightly coiled columellar lamella and prominent parietal denticle I–J highly sinuate tongue-like primary lamella tightly arching over swollen secondary lamella. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 5 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 5 - Carychium hardiei sp. n. A–F CT scans showing columellar apparatus of paratype (NMBE 549921/8) G umbilical view H aerial view of protoconch and spire. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 2 - Comparative material, Carychium mexicanum Pilsbry, 1891 (RBINS 10591) (ex. Autor) S. N. & M. C. Rhoads Expedition, "Texolo Falls V. Cruz, Mexico Rhoads legit". A–E with Bynes degradation; Carychium costaricanum E. von Martens, 1898 (RBINS 10591) original type series F–I; F peristome thickly callused showing apertural barriers. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 3 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 3 - Neighbor-Joining overview topology based on COI K2P-distances for all North and Central American evolutionary lineages accessed in Weigand et al. (2013) and the three newly described Carychium species. COI data for C. mexicanum and C. jardineanum are added. Numbers at the branches indicate bootstrap support for the lineages. BOLD-IDs: Carychium lineage C1, E / SE USA: BARCA014-10, BARCA015-10, BARCA019-10, BARCA020-10, BARCA021-10, BARCA022-10, BARCA025-10, BARCA026-10, BARCA027-10, BARCA028-10, BARCA029-10, BARCA030-10, BARCA127-12; C2 C. exiguum (Say 1822): BARCA041-10, BARCA042-10, BARCA043-10; C3 C. exile H.C. Lea, 1842: BARCA044-10, BARCA045-10, BARCA046-10, BARCA047-10, BARCA048-10, BARCA049-10, BARCA050-10, BARCA051-10; Carychium lineage C4, USA; Florida: BARCA128-12; C5 C. floridanum G.H. Clapp, 1918: BARCA032-10, BARCA033-10, BARCA034-10, BARCA035-10, BARCA037-10; C9 C. hardiei sp. n.: BARCA038-10, BARCA039-10, BARCA040-10; C10 C. belizeense sp. n.: BARCA135-12, BARCA136-12; C11 C. costaricanum E. von Martens, 1898: BARCA137-12, BARCA138-12, BARCA139-12, BARCA140-12, BARCA141-12; Carychium lineage C12, Panama: BARCA142-12, BARCA143-12, BARCA144-12; C13 C. zarzaae sp. n.: BARCA145-12, BARCA146-12, BARCA147-12, BARCA148-12; C14 C. minimum O.F. Müller, 1774: BARCA064-10, BARCA065-10, BARCA069-10; C15 C. nannodes G.H. Clapp, 1905: BARCA099-10, BARCA100-10, BARCA149-12; C20 C. occidentale Pilsbry, 1891: BARCA054-10, BARCA055-10, BARCA058-10, BARCA059-10, BARCA061-10; C23 C. tridentatum (Risso, 1826): BARCA075-10, BARCA079-10, BARCA081-10; C. mexicanum Pilsbry, 1891: BARCA221-17; C. jardineanum (Chitty, 1853): BARCA222-17; Z3 Zospeum exiguum Kuščer, 1932; BARCA116-10; Z4: Zospeum frauenfeldi (Freyer, 1855): BARCA107-10.
Figure 13 from: Jochum A, Weigand AM, Bochud E, Inäbnit T, Dörge DD, Ruthensteiner B, Favre A, Martels G, Kampschulte M (2017) Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 675: 97-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453
Figure 13 - Carychium zarzaae sp. n. A–F holotype (NMBE 549926/1) G–L paratype shell (NMBE 549927/1). Scale bar 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.