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782 results for “Conflict”
FMT Power in Conflict Adaptation
<p>Dataset for manuscript under review on frontal theta power changes during conflict adaptation.</p>
BRIEF INTERPRETATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL CONFLICTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Social conflict and costs of cooperation in meerkats are reflected in measures of stress hormones
Measures of glucocorticoid stress hormones (e.g. cortisol) have often been used to characterize conflict between subordinates and dominants. In cooperative breeders where subordinates seldom breed in their natal group and assist in offspring rearing, increases in subordinate glucocorticoid levels may be caused by conflict among subordinates as well as by the energetic costs of helping behavior and fluctuations in food availability may exacerbate these effects. During a 6-year study of Kalahari meerkats (Suricata suricatta), we investigated how social, environmental, and individual characteristics influenced subordinate plasma cortisol levels. Subordinate females, who are often the target of aggression from dominant females, had higher cortisol levels when the dominant female in their group was pregnant while the cortisol levels of subordinate males were unaffected by the reproductive state of dominant females. Subordinates of both sexes had higher cortisol levels if they belonged to groups 1) where neither of the dominant breeders in the group were their parents, 2) that contained a high proportion of subordinate females, or 3) that were either very large or very small, especially when the weather was cold and dry. Subordinates in groups containing young pups had higher cortisol levels. Finally, cortisol levels were higher in subordinates of both sexes if they were lighter for their age or had lost little body mass the night prior to sampling. Our results show that both social conflict and cooperative behavior can elevate glucocorticoid levels in subordinates and that both effects can be modified by variation in weather and food availability.
Data from: Rook, but not jackdaw, post-conflict third-party affiliation reduces aggression for aggressors
Post-conflict (PC) affiliation refers to positive social interactions that occur after fights. Although this behavior has been widely studied, its functions are rarely tested. We examine a potential function of PC third-party affiliation (affiliation between former opponents and bystanders) in rooks and jackdaws by investigating the hypothesis that conflicts lead to further aggression and that PC third-party affiliation increases to reduce such aggression. The results show that PC affiliation reduces PC aggression for rook aggressors who were less likely to receive aggression after conflicts when they were affiliating with another vs. when they were alone. The opposite result was found for victims of both species who received more aggression after conflicts, and this aggression was not reduced by the act of affiliating. Finally, for jackdaw aggressors, the amount of aggression received after conflicts was not influenced by whether the individual was affiliating or alone, indicating that PC third-party affiliation may serve a function that we did not examine. These findings highlight the importance of investigating functional differences in PC affiliative behavior according to the role played in the conflict.
Data from: Motherly love curbs harm: maternal effects modulate sexual conflict
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Strong sexual selection frequently favours males that increase their reproductive success by harming females, with potentially negative consequences for population growth. Understanding what factors modulate conflict between the sexes is hence critical to understand both the evolution male and female phenotypes and the viability of populations in the wild. Studies addressing the evolution of sexual conflict have so far considered direct effects on male and female reproductive success along with indirect genetic benefits (e.g. good genes) to females. Here, we model the evolution of male harm while incorporating male-induced maternal effects on offspring quality. We show that, because male harm can induce maternal effects that reduce the quality of a harming male's own offspring, maternal effects can partially align male and female evolutionary interests and significantly curb the evolution of male harm. These effects are independent of population structure and whether male harm comes before (i.e. harassment) or during/after (i.e. traumatic inseminations or toxic ejaculates) mating, and are particularly salient when maternal effects influence offspring ability to inflict (sons) or resist (daughters) harm. Our results fit broadly with available evidence across the tree of life, opening a novel avenue to unravel the evolution of sexual conflict.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 1 in Congruence and conflict: case studies of morphotaxonomy versus rDNA gene tree phylogeny among articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea), with description of a new genus
Figure 1. Locality map.
Figure 3 from: Larraín J, Carter B, Shaw B, Hentschel J, Strozier LS, Furuki T, Heinrichs J, Crandall-Stotler B, Engel J, von Konrat M (2015) The resurrection of Neohattoria Kamim. (Jubulaceae, Marchantiophyta): a six decade systematic conflict resolved through a molecular perspective. PhytoKeys 50: 101-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4940
Figure 3 - Neohattoria herzogii. A Habit, dorsal view B Habit, ventral view with distal lobules detached C Regenerant shoot originating from a detached lobule D Lobule E Underleaf F–K Leaves. All from Furuki 22673 (F). Scale bar: 350 µm (A, B), 200 µm (C), 180 µm (D), 300 µm (E), 150 µm (F–K).
Figure 1 from: Larraín J, Carter B, Shaw B, Hentschel J, Strozier LS, Furuki T, Heinrichs J, Crandall-Stotler B, Engel J, von Konrat M (2015) The resurrection of Neohattoria Kamim. (Jubulaceae, Marchantiophyta): a six decade systematic conflict resolved through a molecular perspective. PhytoKeys 50: 101-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4940
Figure 1 - Maximum likelihood (ML) tree showing the systematic position of Neohattoria relative to the Jubulaceae, Frullaniaceae and Lejeuneaceae. Wide black branches indicate ML bootstrap support > 90 % and PP > 0.95.
Figure 2 from: Larraín J, Carter B, Shaw B, Hentschel J, Strozier LS, Furuki T, Heinrichs J, Crandall-Stotler B, Engel J, von Konrat M (2015) The resurrection of Neohattoria Kamim. (Jubulaceae, Marchantiophyta): a six decade systematic conflict resolved through a molecular perspective. PhytoKeys 50: 101-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.50.4940
Figure 2 - Maximum likelihood (ML) tree showing the systematic position of Neohattoria herzogii within the Jubulaceae. Only 1/2 of the length of the branch between the Frullaniaceae and the Lejeuneaceae/Jubulaceae clade is depicted. Wide black branches indicate ML bootstrap support > 90 % and PP > 0.95.
Figure 6 from: Becker M, Zielske S, Haase M (2016) Conflict of mitochondrial phylogeny and morphology-based classification in a pair of freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae) from New Caledonia. ZooKeys 603: 17-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.603.9144
Figure 6 - Phylogenetic reconstructions. A Bio-neighbor-joining tree based on COI fragment with bootstrap support values from both maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining analyses (ML/BNJ) B Maximum likelihood topology. Asterisks indicate "misplaced" individuals. In B only the "misplaced" individuals and one individual (6B.10), whose position differs considerably in both trees, are indicated. Otherwise, only the clade composition is given. Crossed branches are shortened by 50%. The outgroup was pruned from the tree. Scale bars: substitutions per site.
Figure 3 from: Becker M, Zielske S, Haase M (2016) Conflict of mitochondrial phylogeny and morphology-based classification in a pair of freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae) from New Caledonia. ZooKeys 603: 17-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.603.9144
Figure 3 - Map of New Caledonia showing sampling localities. Samples "misplaced" in phylogenetic analyses identified by population numbers.
Figure 5 from: Becker M, Zielske S, Haase M (2016) Conflict of mitochondrial phylogeny and morphology-based classification in a pair of freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae) from New Caledonia. ZooKeys 603: 17-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.603.9144
Figure 5 - Landmark-based principal component analysis with 95% confidence ellipses. A Variation of visually determined Hemistomia cockerelli and Hemistomia fabrorum B Definition of specimens treated as "unknown" in assignment test.
Figure 7 from: Becker M, Zielske S, Haase M (2016) Conflict of mitochondrial phylogeny and morphology-based classification in a pair of freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae) from New Caledonia. ZooKeys 603: 17-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.603.9144
Figure 7 - Neighbor-net illustrating conflict in phylogenetic signal of sequence data. Arrows indicate "misplaced" individuals. Scale bar: substitutions per site.
Figure 1 from: Becker M, Zielske S, Haase M (2016) Conflict of mitochondrial phylogeny and morphology-based classification in a pair of freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae) from New Caledonia. ZooKeys 603: 17-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.603.9144
Figure 1 - Hemistomia cockerelli, paratype. A Whole shell slightly tilted for better recognition of denticle exposed after digitally opening in B (arrow) C Longitudinal section in upright position showing denticle (arrow).
Supplementary Table 1 of the Schöley et al. Lancet correspondence on "Conflicting COVID-19 excess mortality estimates"
<p>See https://github.com/jschoeley/ihme_excess_validation for the code re-creating the published figure from the supplementary table 1.</p>
Fig. 3 in Adaptive use of nonlethal strategies for minimizing wolf-sheep conflict in Idaho
Fig. 3.—Lava Lake sheep in fladry. Photo credit: Defenders of Wildlife.
Fig. 1 in Adaptive use of nonlethal strategies for minimizing wolf-sheep conflict in Idaho
Fig. 1.—Lava Lake herder and herding dogs among the sheep. Photo credit: Defenders of Wildlife.
Integrable Set Discovery and Multi-tuple Conflict Resolution
<p>Integrable Set Discovery and Multi-tuple Conflict Resolution</p>
Genetic Counselors' Experiences of Moral Value Conflicts With Clients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00360711. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Multifamily Group to Reduce Marital Conflict and Disability in Veterans With mTBI
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02057081. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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