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FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic notes on Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from China II: Revision of I. fargesii and related species based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 2. Box plots of the comparison of characters between Ilex fargesii and I. micropyrena (A), and the two subspecies of I. fargesii (B1–B5). A, rachis length. B1, leaf length; B2, leaf width; B3, ratio of leaf length/width; B4, length of leaf pedicel; B5, rachis length. The boxes (rectangle region) represent the interquartile range and the whiskers (vertical line) represent the range excluding the outliers (circles). The upper, middle and lower lines on the boxes represent the 75%, 50% and 25% of the variables, respectively. The upper and lower ends of the whiskers represent the maximum and minimum values of the variable, respectively. The circles represent the single value, where the variable value exceeds 1.5 times the difference between the 75% and 25%.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic notes on Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from China II: Revision of I. fargesii and related species based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 1. The maximum likelihood tree for the combined nuclear DNA (ITS + ETS) dataset. Support values ≥ 50 BS or 0.50 PP are shown above branches follow the order ML-BS/BI-PP. The dash (-) indicates a support value <50 or PP <0.50.
Data from: Is there any evidence for rapid, genetically-based, climatic niche expansion in the invasive common ragweed?
Climatic niche shifts have been documented in a number of invasive species by comparing the native and adventive climatic ranges in which they occur. However, these shifts likely represent changes in the realized climatic niches of invasive species, and may not necessarily be driven by genetic changes in climatic affinities. Until now the role of rapid niche evolution in the spread of invasive species remains a challenging issue with conflicting results. Here, we document a likely genetically-based climatic niche expansion of an annual plant invader, the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), a highly allergenic invasive species causing substantial public health issues. To do so, we looked for recent evolutionary change at the upward migration front of its adventive range in the French Alps. Based on species climatic niche models estimated at both global and regional scales we stratified our sampling design to adequately capture the species niche, and localized populations suspected of niche expansion. Using a combination of species niche modeling, landscape genetics models and common garden measurements, we then related the species genetic structure and its phenotypic architecture across the climatic niche. Our results strongly suggest that the common ragweed is rapidly adapting to local climatic conditions at its invasion front and that it currently expands its niche toward colder and formerly unsuitable climates in the French Alps (i.e. in sites where niche models would not predict its occurrence). Such results, showing that species climatic niches can evolve on very short time scales, have important implications for predictive models of biological invasions that do not account for evolutionary processes.
Data from: Phylogeny and circumscription of Cephalocereus (Cactaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Cephalocereus, Neobuxbaumia, and Pseudomitrocereus (Cactaceae, Cactoideae, Echinocereeae) are related genera of columnar cacti native to Mexico with current ambiguous circumscription. We applied maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Cephalocereus group using molecular data from seven chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, psbA-trnH, rpl16, rpl32-trnLUAG, trnL-F, trnQrps16, andycf1), simple coded indels, and 46 structural characters. The Cephalocereus group was recovered as monophyletic with high support values, whereas Neobuxbaumia appeared as paraphyletic, due to the polyphyly of Cephalocereus and the derived position of Pseudomitrocereus within this group. Topology was mostly congruent among the different phylogenetic methods explored, and three pervasive clades were observed. Two structural characters were confirmed as synapomorphies for the Cephalocereus group: prismatic crystals in the dermal system and a perianth woody cap persistent in the fruit. The derived position of Pseudomitrocereus suggests that new hypotheses must be explored regarding the possible hybrid origin of this taxon. We propose the transfer of all species of Neobuxbaumia, Cephalocereus, and Pseudomitrocereus to a single genus, in which Cephalocereus takes priority over the other names. Based on our results, a new circumscription for Cephalocereus is proposed, including a taxonomic synthesis, two new combinations (Cephalocereus multiareolatus and Cephalocereus sanchezmejoradae), and a key for species.
Data from: A trait-based trade-off between growth and mortality: evidence from 15 tropical tree species using size-specific RGRs
A life-history trade-off between low mortality in the dark and rapid growth in the light is one of the most widely accepted mechanisms underlying plant ecological strategies in tropical forests. Differences in plant functional traits are thought to underlie these distinct ecological strategies; however, very few studies have shown relationships between functional traits and demographic rates within a functional group. We present 8 years of growth and mortality data from saplings of 15 species of Dipterocarpaceae planted into logged-over forest in Malaysian Borneo, and the relationships between these demographic rates and four key functional traits: wood density, specific leaf area (SLA), seed mass, and leaf C:N ratio. Species-specific differences in growth rates were separated from seedling size effects by fitting nonlinear mixed-effects models, to repeated measurements taken on individuals at multiple time points. Mortality data were analyzed using binary logistic regressions in a mixed-effects models framework. Growth increased and mortality decreased with increasing light availability. Species differed in both their growth and mortality rates, yet there was little evidence for a statistical interaction between species and light for either response. There was a positive relationship between growth rate and the predicted probability of mortality regardless of light environment, suggesting that this relationship may be driven by a general trade-off between traits that maximize growth and traits that minimize mortality, rather than through differential species responses to light. Our results indicate that wood density is an important trait that indicates both the ability of species to grow and resistance to mortality, but no other trait was correlated with either growth or mortality. Therefore, the growth mortality trade-off among species of dipterocarp appears to be general in being independent of species crossovers in performance in different light environments.
Data from: Phylogenetic systematics of Cochlospermaceae (Malvales) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Cochlospermaceae (Malvales) is a small family of two genera, Amoreuxia and Cochlospermum. Cochlospermum has a pantropical distribution with species present in Mexico, Central and South America, the West Indies, Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia, whereas Amoreuxia has a more restricted distribution in the Americas. Amoreuxia is comprised of four herbaceous species, and Cochlospermum has seven tree species and five that are suffrutescent subshrubs. The two genera also differ in floral symmetry, corolla coloration patterns, and stamen morphology. The goals of this study were to reconstruct the phylogeny of Cochlospermaceae to evaluate the monophyly of the family and its two genera, to resolve interspecific relationships, and to interpret patterns of morphological evolution. In addition, a minor goal was to examine its relationship to sister families, such as Bixaceae, a family in which Cochlospermaceae has been variously placed. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using DNA sequences of the following markers: nuclear ribosomal ITS and the chloroplast trnG and trnL-F regions. The data support the monophyly of Cochlospermaceae and its distinctiveness from its sister families. While Amoreuxia is supported as monophyletic, Cochlospermum is paraphyletic with two species (C. orinocense and C. tetraporum) consistently placed outside a clade of all remaining Cochlospermum species. Ancestral character state reconstructions of morphology indicate that the tree habit may be ancestral in Cochlospermaceae with a single shift to an herbaceous growth form in Amoreuxia with the suffrutescent growth form having arisen twice within Cochlospermum, once in South America and once in Africa. There has been a single shift in floral morphology from radial symmetry, solid yellow petals, and uniform stamens to bilateral symmetry, two-toned petals, and dimorphic stamens in Amoreuxia. Anthers with one apical pore found in core Cochlospermum species may be a reduction from anthers with two pores, such as those found in Amoreuxia and in C. orinocense and C. tetraporum. Seed shape supports the sister relationships within Cochlospermaceae, particularly within Amoreuxia.
FIGURE 3. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 3. A. Gymneia virgata; B. Hyptis recurvata; C. Eplingiella cuniloides; D. Hyptis ramosa; E. Physominthe vitifolia; F. Marsypianthes burchellii; G. Rhaphiodon echinus (fl.). Photos A, B, F by H. Moreira; C, G by R. Harley; D, E by A. Paton.
FIGURE 2. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 2. A. Gymneia malacophylla; B. Asterohyptis stellulata; C.. Hyptis imbricatiformis; D. Cantinoa carpinifolia; E. Eriope crassipes; F. Mesosphaerum suaveolens. Photos A−C, E, F by R. Harley; D by D. Cardoso.
FIGURE 1. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 1. A. Oocephalus silvinae; B. Physominthe vitifolia; C. Hyptidendron caudatum; D. Cyanocephalus rugosus; E. Hyptidendron canum; F. Cyanocephalus lanatus; G. Rhaphiodon echinus (fr.); H. Hyptis radicans; J. Eriopidion strictum; K. Condea undulata; L. Leptohyptis macrostachys. Photos A, E, G, H, J−L by R. Harley; B by A. Paton; C, D, F by H. Moreira.
FIGURE 4. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 4. A. Medusantha eriophylla; B. Martianthus stachydifolius; C. Hypenia marifolia; D. Leptohyptis macrostachys; E. Hypenia sp.; F. Condea albida; G. Hyptis crenata; H. Oocephalus oppositiflorus. Photos A−C, F, H by R. Harley; D by J.F. Pastore; E by H. Moreira; G by D. Cardoso.
FIGURES 1–8 in A new species of Pyropia (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae), from the Pacific coast of Mexico, based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURES 1–8: Pyropia raulaguilarii sp. nov. Fig. 1: Habit of the foliose gametophyte. Holotype. El Carrizalillo (ENCB 19 603). Fig. 2: Rhizoidal cells in surface view. Fig. 3: Margin of thallus in surface view. Fig. 4: Transverse section through thallus showing monostromatic blade. Fig. 5: Transverse section of female portion. Fig. 6: Mature spermatangia in surface view. Fig. 7: Surface view of zygotosporangial region of thallus. Fig. 8: Mature marginal zygotosporangias in surface view. Scale bars: Fig. 1: 12 mm; Figs 2, 6: 30 µm; Figs 3, 7, 8: 40 µm; Fig. 4: 15 µm; Fig. 5: 20 µm.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of Pyropia (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae), from the Pacific coast of Mexico, based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 9: Bayesian result for concatenated nuclear SSU ribosomal RNA (nrSSU) and rbcL data set. Support values are Bayesian posterior probabilities, and parsimony and distance bootstrap values, respectively. Some internal support values are omitted for clarity.
FIGURE 2 in Size doesn´t matter-recircumscription of Microlejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Porellales) based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 2. Phylogram generated in a maximum likelihood analysis of the combined dataset with bootstrap percentage values ≥50 indicated at branches. Black lines: ocelli present, white lines: ocelli lacking.
FIGURE 1 in Size doesn´t matter-recircumscription of Microlejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Porellales) based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 1. Strict consensus of 5 equally parsimonious trees based on the combined nrITS- chloroplast DNA rbcL—trnL-F dataset with bootstrap percentage values ≥50 at branches.
FIGURES 1–9 in Hassallia littoralis sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Microchaetaceae) from Mexico's marine supralittoral based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURES 1–9. Morphological features of Hassallia littoralis. Fig. 1. Intermingled filaments as seen with epifluorescence. Fig. 2. Erect fascicle growth form with lighter terminal parts. Fig. 3. Straight or curved filament growth forms. Fig. 4. False branching with basal heterocytes. Fig. 5. Trichomes with evident intercalar heterocytes and polar nodules. Fig. 6. Release of short isopolar trichome with evident nodal constrictions. Fig. 7. Series of heteropolar and isopolar hormogones. Fig. 8. Divaricated pseudobranch with basal heterocyte and stratified sheath. Fig. 9. False branching with single and paired heterocytes. Scale bars: Figs 1–3: 30 µm, Figs 4–9: 6µm.
FIGURES 17–19. Hassallia littoralis TEM images. Fig. 17. Hormogonia formation through a necridic cell. Fig. 18. Young isopolar hormogonium with a wide stratified sheath. Fig. 19 in Hassallia littoralis sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Microchaetaceae) from Mexico's marine supralittoral based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURES 17–19. Hassallia littoralis TEM images. Fig. 17. Hormogonia formation through a necridic cell. Fig. 18. Young isopolar hormogonium with a wide stratified sheath. Fig. 19. Evident polar nodule in a basal heterocyte. Scale bars: Fig. 17: 3 µm, Fig. 18: 5 µm, Fig. 19: 1 µm.
FIGURE 26 in Hassallia littoralis sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Microchaetaceae) from Mexico's marine supralittoral based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 26. Maximum-likelihood tree based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene of representatives of the families Scytonemataceae and Microchaetaceae showing the position of the sequence obtained in the present study (in bold). Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values ≥ 50% for Maximum Parsimony (left), Maximum Likelihood analysis (medium) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) values.
FIGURES 20–25. Hassallia littoralis habitus. Figs 20, 21. Fasciculated growth form. Figs 22, 23 in Hassallia littoralis sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Microchaetaceae) from Mexico's marine supralittoral based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURES 20–25. Hassallia littoralis habitus. Figs 20, 21. Fasciculated growth form. Figs 22, 23. Formation of hormogonia. Fig. 24. Hormogonia and branch formation. Fig. 25. Production of monocyte-like cells. Scale bars: Figs 20, 21: 30 µm, Figs 22–25: 6 µm.
FIGURES 10–16 in Hassallia littoralis sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Microchaetaceae) from Mexico's marine supralittoral based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURES 10–16. Morphological features of Hassallia littoralis. Fig. 10. Terminal widening of the sheath. Fig. 11. Branched filament with evident cytoplasmic granules. Fig. 12. A trichome with variations in diameter bearing a darker, shortened necridial cell. Fig. 13. Plane view of a cylindrical trichome and filament. Fig. 14. Intense terminal EPS production by highly granulosed trichome with an open sheath. Fig. 15. Darkening of hyaline sheath produced probably by gelatinization. Fig. 16. A trichome of a young filament with necridic cells and sheath widening. Scale bars: 6 µm.
Use of intrapartum evidence-based practices in childbirth after participating in the Senses of Birth intervention among Brazilian women
<p>Brazil has a cesarean rate of 56% and low use of Intrapartum Evidence-based Practices (IEBP) of 3.4%, reflecting a medically centered and highly interventionist maternal health care model. The Senses of Birth (SoB) is a health education intervention created to promote normal birth, use of EBP, and reduce unnecessary c-sections. This study aimed to understand the use of intrapartum EBP by Brazilian women who participated in the SoB intervention.<b> </b>555 women answered the questionnaire between 2015 and 2016. Bivariate analysis and ANOVA test were used to identify if social-demographic factors, childbirth information, and perceived knowledge were associated with the use of EBP. A qualitative analysis was performed to explore women's experiences. Research participants used the following EBP: birth plan (55.2%), companionship during childbirth (81.6%), midwife care (54.2%), freedom of mobility during labor (57.7%), choice of position during delivery (57.2%), and non-pharmacological pain relief methods (74.2%). Doula support was low (26.9%). Being a black woman was associated with not using a birth plan or having doula support. Women who gave birth in private hospitals were more likely not to use the EBP. Barriers to the use of EBP identified by women were an absence of individualized care, non-respect for their choices or provision of EBP by health care providers, inadequate structure and ambiance in hospitals to use EBP, and rigid protocols not centered on women's needs. The SoB intervention was identified as a potential facilitator. Women who used EBP described a sense of control over their bodies and self-efficacy to advocate for their chosen practices. Women saw the strategies to overcome barriers as a path to become their childbirth protagonist. Health education is essential to increase the use of EBP; however, it should be implemented combined with changes in the maternal care system, promoting woman-centered and evidence-based models.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.