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Supplementary material 1 from: Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJM, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Hughes CE (2022) Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes CE, de Queiroz LP, Lewis GP (Eds) Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866
Table S1
Supplementary material 2 from: Trytsman M, Westfall RH, Breytenbach PJJ, Calitz FJ, Van Wyk AE (2016) Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa. PhytoKeys 70: 53-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147
Species recorded in each leguminochorion (A1–E) of southern Africa. :
Effects of mixing legume species on germination
<p>While intercropping is known to have positive effects on crop productivity, it is unclear whether the effects of mixing species start at the very beginning of the plants' life, i.e. during germination. We tested whether germination is affected by mixing cover crop species, using two legume species with a contrasting response to water availability and temperature, alsike clover (AC) and black medic (BM). We set up four experiments in each of which we compared a 1:1 mixture against the two monocultures, and combined this with various other experimental factors. These additional factors were (i) varied seed densities (50%, 100% and 150% of a reference density) in two field trials in 2016 and 2017, (ii) varied seed densities (high and low) and water availability (6 levels, between 25% and 100% of water holding capacity, WHC) in a greenhouse pot trial, (iii) varied seed spacing in a climate chamber, and (iv) varied temperatures (12°C, 20°C, 28°C) and water availability (4 levels between 25% and 100% of WHC) in a climate chamber. Across all experiments, the absolute mixture effects (AME) on germination ranged between -9% and +11%, with a median of +1.3%. Within experiments, significant mixture effects were observed, but the direction of these effects was inconsistent. In the field, AME on germination was significantly negative at some of the tested seed densities. A positive AME was observed in the climate chamber at 12°C, and the mean AME decreased with increasing temperature. Higher density was associated with decreased germination in the field, indicating negative interaction through competition or allelopathy, among seedlings. Our findings indicate that seed interaction in mixtures may be ongoing as early as during germination, but that the direction of the mixture effect is affected by complex interactions with abiotic and biotic factors.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Diversity And Distribution Of Nigerian Legumes (Fabaceae)
FIGURE 6. Distribution patterns of the various leguminous taxa in Nigerian vegetation.
FIGURE 4. Top 15 in Diversity And Distribution Of Nigerian Legumes (Fabaceae)
FIGURE 4. Top 15 genera with highest number of taxa (> 10 taxa).
Silicon enrichment alters functional traits in legumes depending on plant genotype and symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
<p>1. Silicon (Si) uptake and deposition (silicification) in tissues is known to alleviate stresses and generally improve plant health. This is mostly studied in Si-high accumulators, such as grasses, with comparatively less known about its effects on other plant functional groups, such as legumes. There is speculation that Si may positively impact the symbiosis between legumes and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) they associate with, but this is poorly understood. This study examined the effects of Si enrichment on legume species associated with rhizobia and the potential underlying mechanism of Si impacts.</p> <p>2. We conducted a glasshouse experiment with lucerne (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) and barrel medic (<i>M. truncatula</i>) associated with a model rhizobial strain. Six genotypes (three per species) were either supplemented with Si (+Si) or untreated (-Si). We quantified 16 functional traits which could be classified as plant growth, physiology, elemental chemistry, nodule activity and nitrogen fixation.</p> <p>3. The two legume species responded to Si distinctively. For example, Si supplementation increased shoot biomass by more than 10% in lucerne but growth was unaffected in barrel medic. Conversely, nitrogen-fixing enzyme (nitrogenase) activity was promoted by more than 85% in +Si barrel medic plants but not in lucerne. Moreover, Si supplementation of lucerne increased the concentrations of Si in leaves by more than 36% but not in root nodules. Increased foliar concentrations of Si in lucerne was positively associated with increased shoot and root biomass in Sequel and Trifecta genotypes, respectively. Conversely, Si supplementation of barrel medic increased the concentration of Si in root nodules by 29% but not that in foliar tissues. Nitrogenase activity and where silicification occurred, differed between genotypes in barrel medic; nitrogenase activity was correlated with concentrations of Si in root nodules rather than that in foliar tissues in one genotype (Sephi) but the reverse was true in another (Hannaford).</p> <p>4.This study demonstrates that two closely related legume species can respond to Si in distinct ways, depending on plant genotype and symbiosis. These results present the overlooked function of Si in legume-rhizobia interactions, which could potentially enhance productivity of this important group of plants.</p>
Table 1 Current salinity tolerant forage legume species
<p>Table 1 Current salinity tolerant forage legume species </p>
Consumers - Legume Dishes | Choose Beans
<p>The Choose Beans campaign objective is to encourage the consumption of legumes, among their final consumers, by diversifying products on offer, promote healthier, more balanced, and with smaller ecological footprint meals.<br> The Choose Beans campaign has been implemented across the corporate market segment, since October 2011.<br> The project consists in the introduction of new dishes on the menu with the incorporation of legumes, ex. fava beans, peas, beans, chickpeas and lentils and soybeans, included in soup and main course. To raise awareness about legumes, their consumption recommendations and benefits.</p>
the diversity of indigenous legume fodder trees and shrubs with plots on the bases of land use and agroecology in Gamo zone, Ethiopia
<p>the data was collected from Gamo zone, SNNPRS, Ethiopia. It was about the diversity of indigenous legume fodder tree and shrub with plots on the bases of land use and agroecology. the data was collected from four land uses namely farm land, homestead, grazing land and area closure in three agroe-ecology zones namely lowland, midland and highland. </p>
Figure 2 from: Cannon P, Buddie A, Bridge P, de Neergaard E, Lübeck M, Askar M (2012) Lectera, a new genus of the Plectosphaerellaceae for the legume pathogen Volutella colletotrichoides. MycoKeys 3: 23-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.3.3065
Figure 2 - Lectera species. A–L Lectera colletotrichoides A–C IMI 166394 D–F, IMI 265740 G–I IMI 303685 J–L IMI 368065 M–O Lectera longa (IMI 181698) A, D, G, J, M colonies on PCA agar after 7 d B, E, H, K, N colonies on PDA agar after 7 d C, F, I, L, O: conidia mounted in lactic acid: bar = 10 µm.
Figure 35 from: Prathapan KD (2016) Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 6. ZooKeys 597: 57–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520
Figure 35 - Distribution of Madurasia undulatovittata (Motschulsky) in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (red triangles = literature records).
Figures 28-33 from: Prathapan KD (2016) Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 6. ZooKeys 597: 57–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520
Figures 28-33 - Spermatheca in 28 Madurasia andamanica sp. n. 29 Madurasia undulatovittata; vaginal palpi of 30 Madurasia andamanica sp. n. 31 Madurasia undulatovittata; tigna in 32 Madurasia andamanica sp. n. 33 Madurasia undulatovittata.
Figures 21-27 from: Prathapan KD (2016) Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 6. ZooKeys 597: 57–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520
Figures 21-27 - Madurasia andamanica sp. n. 21 dorsal habitus 22 apical ventrite of Madurasia andamanica sp. n. male 23 apical ventrite of Madurasia undulatovittata male 24 median lobe of aedeagus in Madurasia andamanica sp. n., ventral view 25 median lobe of aedeagus in Madurasia undulatovittata, ventral view (bilaterally symmetrical, specimen tilted) 26 median lobe of aedeagus in Madurasia andamanica sp. n., lateral view 27 median lobe of aedeagus in Madurasia undulatovittata, lateral view.
Figures 1-7 from: Prathapan KD (2016) Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 6. ZooKeys 597: 57–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520
Figures 1-7 - Madurasia undulatovittata. 1 Lectotype (specimen on card, photograph edited) 2 labels on lectotype 3 and 5–7 dorsal view, color variation 4 ventral view.
Figures 8-20 from: Prathapan KD (2016) Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 6. ZooKeys 597: 57–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520
Figures 8-20 - Madurasia undulatovittata. 8 head, frontal view 9 antenna 10 labium 11 maxilla 12 mandible 13 labrum 14 pronotum 15 meso– and metanotum 16 prosternum 17 meso– and metasternum and pleurites 18 metendosternite 19 apical visible tergite, female 20 apical visible tergite, male (all specimens, except head, have been macerated).
Figures 1-2 from: Lv X, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Xiao Z, Wang Z, Zhang R (2016) Evemphyron sinense, a new genus and species infesting legume seedpods in China (Coleoptera, Attelabidae, Rhynchitinae). ZooKeys 600: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.6709
Figures 1-2 - Callerya dielsiana 1 Bunch of pods in type locality of Evemphyron sinense 2 Opened ripe pod showing seed damage. Red arrows point to two larvae of Evemphyron sinense.
Figures 11-16 from: Lv X, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Xiao Z, Wang Z, Zhang R (2016) Evemphyron sinense, a new genus and species infesting legume seedpods in China (Coleoptera, Attelabidae, Rhynchitinae). ZooKeys 600: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.6709
Figures 11-16 - Evemphyron sinense, paratype male 11 Penis, dorsal view 12 Penis, lateral view 13 Penis, ventral view 14 Tegmen, dorsal view 15 Tegmen, lateral view 16 Sternite and tergite VIII (to the right) and sternite IX with apodeme turning sinistro-anterially at apex.
Figures 7-10 from: Lv X, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Xiao Z, Wang Z, Zhang R (2016) Evemphyron sinense, a new genus and species infesting legume seedpods in China (Coleoptera, Attelabidae, Rhynchitinae). ZooKeys 600: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.6709
Figures 7-10 - Evemphyron sinense 7 Apex of rostrum, paratype, dorsal view 8 Antenna 9 Metafemur and metatibia showing bracteate carina 10 Metacoxae and abdomen, male, ventral view.
Figures 17-19 from: Lv X, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Xiao Z, Wang Z, Zhang R (2016) Evemphyron sinense, a new genus and species infesting legume seedpods in China (Coleoptera, Attelabidae, Rhynchitinae). ZooKeys 600: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.6709
Figures 17-19 - Evemphyron sinense 17 Apex of submentum, labium and maxilla 18 Detail of labial palpus 19 Detail of apex of hypomera and intervening sternellum.
Figures 3-6 from: Lv X, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Xiao Z, Wang Z, Zhang R (2016) Evemphyron sinense, a new genus and species infesting legume seedpods in China (Coleoptera, Attelabidae, Rhynchitinae). ZooKeys 600: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.6709
Figures 3-6 - Evemphyron sinense 3 Male habitus, paratype, dorsal view 4 Male habitus, paratype, lateral view 5 Male rostrum, paratype, dorsal view 6 Female rostrum, paratype, dorsal view.
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