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2,142 results for “by contact”
FIGURE 2 in Two noteworthy Calea (Asteraceae: Neurolaeneae) from contact areas of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 2. Occurrence map of Calea grandiflora, C. parvifolia, C. × parviantha, and C. triantha (Neurolaeneae, Asteraceae) in Brazil. MG—Minas Gerais, SP—S"o Paulo, PR—Paraná, SC—Santa Catarina. Figure by: Marcelo L. Bueno.
FIGURE 1 in Two noteworthy Calea (Asteraceae: Neurolaeneae) from contact areas of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 1. Calea grandiflora sp. nov. (Neurolaeneae, Asteraceae) A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf with pauciserrate margins, adaxial surface. C. Margin with small teeth. D. Abaxial surface indumentum. E. Phyllary of first series. F. Phyllary of second series. G. Phyllary of third series. H. Phyllary of fourth series. I. Phyllary of fifth series. J. Striate surface of scarious phyllaries. K. Capitulum with ray florets removed to show involucre, paleae and disc floret arrangements. L. Ray floret. M. Disc floret with monolength pappus scales. N. Cypsela with monolength pappus scales. A–N drawn from L. R. Landrum 2761 (SP); A–M: millimeter scale. Illustration by Débora Dalzotto.
Humpback whale adult females and calves balance acoustic contact with vocal crypsis during periods of increased separation
<ol> <li>Acoustic communication is important for animals with dependent young, particularly when they are spatially separated. Maternal humpback whales (<i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>) use acoustic calling to help minimise the risk of separation from their young calves during migration.</li> <li>These pairs also use acoustic crypsis to minimise detection by males. How they balance a restricted active space with the need to maintain acoustic contact during periods of separation is not yet understood.</li> <li>Here, we analysed movement metrics of tagged adult female-calf pairs during migration to identify two behavioural states, 'resting/milling' and 'travelling'. When travelling, these pairs dived synchronously and exhibited little to no spatial separation. Alternatively, adult females had significantly longer dive durations (p < 0.01) when resting, and while they spent prolonged times at depth, calves would surface several times independently. This demonstrated that these pairs are frequently separated during periods of rest.</li> <li>We then determined if the call rates and acoustic levels of these pairs increased with more frequent separation, finding that both adult females and calves significantly increased their call rates, but not levels, when resting.</li> <li>We also found that adult female-calf pairs have a restricted active space, with less than 15% of calls estimated to be detectable beyond 2 km. However, as with call level, detection distance did not differ significantly between the two behavioural states.</li> <li>In summary, adult female-calf pairs maintain successful communication during periods of separation by calling more frequently rather than by producing louder calls. This strategy aids in maintaining acoustic contact while simultaneously limiting detectability by conspecifics.</li> </ol>
Detection and seismic study of gravity and Rossby mode pulsations in four contact binaries
<p>MESA module and inlist files used in the paper “Detection and seismic study of gravity and Rossby mode pulsations in four contact binaries“</p>
Data from: The Reissner fiber under tension in vivo shows dynamic interaction with ciliated cells contacting the cerebrospinal fluid
<p>The Reissner fiber (RF) is an acellular thread positioned in the midline of the central canal that forms together with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) an axial sensory system detecting curvature in the spinal cord. How these components interact is unknown. Using <em>in vivo</em> imaging in larval zebrafish, we show that RF is under tension and resonates dorsoventrally. Focal RF ablations trigger retraction and relaxation of the fiber cut ends, with larger retraction speeds for rostral ablations. We built a mechanical model that estimates RF stress diffusion coefficient at 10 mm<sup>2</sup>/s and reveals that tension builds up rostrally along the fiber. After RF ablation, CSF-cN spontaneous activity decreased and ciliary motility changed, suggesting physical interactions between RF and cilia projecting into the central canal. We observed that motile cilia were caudally-tilted and frequently interacted with RF. We propose that the numerous ependymal motile monocilia contribute to RF heterogenous tension via weak interactions. Our work demonstrates that under tension, the Reissner fiber dynamically interacts with motile cilia generating CSF flow and spinal sensory neurons.</p>
Figure 6 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone
Figure 6. Pattern of cytochrome b (cyt b), acid phosphatase V (AP5), and predicted skull region plotted by population within the contact area. No directional trend is intended by order of populations. Proportion northern for cyt b and AP5 is the fraction of individuals from that population possessing a haplotype or genotype most similar to those widespread in the northern region. Proportion northern for morphology is the fraction of individuals from that population having a northern posterior probability> 50%. Mid-Coast is a combination of Freeman Ranch, Refugio State Beach, Tajiguas Landfill, and El Capitan State Beach. COPR, Coal Oil Pt Reserve.
Figure 4 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone
Figure 4. Probability of membership in northern group based on discriminant analysis of logged skull measurements. Top, contact zone skulls; middle, northern region skulls; bottom, southern region skulls.
Figure 3 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone
Figure 3. First and second principal components based on 13 mensural characters for north, contact, and south groups of skulls.
Figure 5 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone
Figure 5. Example profiles of contact zone populations and probability of prediction into northern or southern populations. Axes are as in Fig. 4.
Figure 2. Skull with measurements labelled. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone
Figure 2. Skull with measurements labelled. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D, mandible. HCB, height of cranium at bullae; IOC, interorbital constriction; IFL, length of incisive foramen; IPL, interparietal length; IPW, interparietal width; MAL, upper molar alveolus; MAN, length of mandible; MAW, mastoid width; NAL, nasal length; ONL, occipital-nasal length; PAL, shelf of bony palate; ZYB, zygomatic breadth. Details of each measurement are provided in the text.
Figure 1. A in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone
Figure 1. A, map of specimens used, indicating regions, subregions, and some localities, as discussed in the text. Dashed lines indicate a general division between subregions used to examine variation within regions. Text indicates north, middle, and south subregions within northern and southern regions. White circles indicate specimens allocated to the northern region; black circles indicate the southern region; and circles that are half white/half black are in the contact region. The black/white icon does not indicate an equal mix of north and south marker but is only indication of overlap. For clarity, markers in some cases represent multiple, nearby locations. Polygon indicates populations used for cline fitting analysis. Specimens in the S-S subregion were removed from analysis. B, map of the contact area with polygon encompassing localities with both cytochrome b haplogroups. Dashed lines indicate the approximate centres of clines for (A) morphology, (B) mitochondrial DNA, and (C) nuclear DNA.
Supplementary data to 'Coupling between cohesive element method and Node-to-segment contact algorithm : Implementation and application'
<p>This archive contains the data and the scripts for the simulations presented in the paper</p> <p>Pundir, M., Guillaume, A. "Coupling between cohesive element method and Node-to-segment contact algorithm : Implementation and application'" (2020)</p>
FIG. 3 in Immediate skin-to-skin contact for low birth weight infants is safe in terms of cardiorespiratory stability in limited-resource settings.
FIG. 3. Map of home ranges using 95% kernel density estimates (KDE-href) for radio-tracked turtles at the study site in the Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge and Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida, USA.
FIG. 1. Study site for the 2016–2017 in Immediate skin-to-skin contact for low birth weight infants is safe in terms of cardiorespiratory stability in limited-resource settings.
FIG. 1. Study site for the 2016–2017 Terrapene bauri home range assessment located in southwestern Florida within the Ten Thousand Island National Wildlife Refuge (TTINWR) and Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (RBNERR), Collier County, Florida, USA. TTINWR boundaries are delineated in green and RBNERR are delineated in blue.
FIG. 2 in Immediate skin-to-skin contact for low birth weight infants is safe in terms of cardiorespiratory stability in limited-resource settings.
FIG. 2. Map of home ranges using 100% minimum convex polygons (MCP) for radio-tracked turtles at the study site in the Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge and Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida, USA.
Figure 3 in Rare genetic admixture and unidirectional gene flow between Vipera aspis and Vipera berus at their contact zone in western France
Figure 3. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) based on 10 microsatellite markers showing the distribution of morphologically intermediate individuals in between the pure V. aspis and pure V. berus individuals in the Loire Atlantique department (France). Individual 4.14 was morphologically intermediate but genetically assigned to pure V. aspis.
Figure 1 in Rare genetic admixture and unidirectional gene flow between Vipera aspis and Vipera berus at their contact zone in western France
Figure 1. Structure analysis (K = 2) of V. aspis and V. berus samples collected in the Loire Atlantique department (France). Morphologically intermediate individuals include individual 4.14 which was genetically assigned to V. aspis. The hybridization level of individuals 14 and 71 could not be clearly assigned.
Data for: Spatial heterogeneity and infection patterns on epidemic transmission disclosed by a combined contact-dependent dynamics and compartmental model
<p>Epidemics, such as COVID-19, have caused significant harm to human society worldwide. A better understanding of epidemic transmission dynamics can contribute to more efficient prevention and control measures. Compartmental models, which assume homogeneous mixing of the population, have been widely used in the study of epidemic transmission dynamics, while agent-based models rely on a network definition for individuals. In this study, we developed a real-scale contact-dependent dynamic (CDD) model and combined it with the traditional susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) compartment model. </p>
Inputs, output and animation files related to the article titled "A computational framework for crack propagation along contact interfaces and surfaces under load" submitted to CMAME.
<p>Here you can find input mesh files, parameter files, output files and animations for numerical examples considered in the paper entitled "A computational framework for crack propagation along contact interfaces and surfaces under load" submitted to Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.</p>
Understanding and mitigating resistive losses in fired passivating contacts: role of the interfaces and optimization of the thermal budget
<p>We study p-type passivating contacts based on SiC<sub>x</sub> formed via a rapid thermal processing step, using conditions compatible with the firing used to sinter screen-printed metallization pastes in industry. Firstly, we separate the contributions of the two interfaces to the contact resistivity (wafer/contact and contact/metal), identifying tunnelling at the wafer interface as the main contribution. We then investigate the dependence of contact resistivity and sheet resistance of the SiC<sub>x</sub> layer on the concentration of active dopants and we propose strategies to reduce both resistances by increasing the thermal budget applied during firing. Lastly, we discuss potentials and limitations of implementing the investigated stacks as rear side contacts of p-type devices with localized metallization, and we show that an oxide layer that can withstand high thermal budgets is the key factor for obtaining high passivation quality and good electrical properties at the same time. The results obtained with an oxide based on N<sub>2</sub>O plasma oxidation show that this layer is a promising candidate for such an application.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.