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FIGURE 19 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURE 19. Phylogeny of mitochondrial sequences (complete COI and 3 partial tRNA) using MrBayes (GTR+4Γ model) and including all outgroup species (alignment length 1651 bp, non-coding and ambiguously aligned tRNA regions were excluded). Clades with posterior probabilities (PP) less than 0.90 have been collapsed. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis (GTR+4Γ substitution model) produced nearly identical topology (few topological differences between Bayesian and ML analyses were not significantly supported, i.e. less than 0.9 PP and 0.7 BP). Bayesian and ML analyses using E. immersa and E. fletcheri as the only outgroups produced identical topologies with only slight differences in clade support values. al, E. alector; alp, E. alpina; bas, E. basalis; jap, E. japonica; lokt, E. loktini; long, E. longicornis; trid, E. tridens.

FIGURES 29–35 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 29–35. Empria konowi Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929: 29, locality label of the lectotype; 30, determination label of the lectotype; 31, locality label of the paralectotype; 32, determination label of the paralectotype. Empria gussakovskii Dovnar- Zapolskij, 1929: 33, locality label of the lectotype; 34, determination label of the lectotype. Poecilosoma tridens Konow, 1896: 35, locality label of the Empria tridens (Konow, 1896) lectotype (image courtesy of SDEI).

FIGURE 14 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURE 14. GM analyses (10 landmarks) of penis valves and the relative length of flagellum. First principal component (PC1) is on the x-axis, relative length of flagellum (sum of lengths of flagellomeres 1–5 divided by head breadth) on the y-axis. Specimens discussed in the text, are indicated by their ID numbers, and ex ovo reared specimens are circled.

FIGURE 13 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURE 13. GM analyses (25 landmarks) of valvula 1 and the relative length of flagellum of 5 species. First principal component (PC1) is on the x-axis, relative length of flagellum (sum of lengths of flagellomeres 1–4 divided by head breadth) on the yaxis. Specimens discussed in the text, are indicated by their ID numbers.

FIGURES 7–8. Empria longicornis Thomson, 1871 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 7–8. Empria longicornis Thomson, 1871: 7, head in lateral view (TL = temple length); 8, frontal crest in dorsal view.

FIGURES 53–58 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 53–58. Penis valves of Empria longicornis group: 53, E. alpina; 54, E. mongolica; 55, E. loktini (paratype); 56, E. alector (specimen h-32); 57, E. tridens (specimen 08-12); 58, E. minuta.

FIGURE 18 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURE 18. Barcoding analysis of manually aligned ITS sequences (incomplete sequences were excluded; alignment length 1348 bp). NJ tree based on Kimura two-parameter distances, pairwise deletion. Bootstrap proportions below 50% are not shown. Empria immersa group was used to root the tree. Barcoding analysis using the BAli-Phy MAP alignment (BAli-Phy analysis using E. immersa group as the only outgroup) gave nearly identical topology, the differences were not significantly (i.e. bootstrap proportions below 50%) supported. AUT, Austria; BEL, Belgium; CHE, Switzerland; DEU, Germany; EST, Estonia; FRA, France; ITA, Italy; JPN, Japan; NOR, Norway; RUS, Russia; SVK, Slovakia. al, E. alector; alp, E. alpina; bas, E. basalis; fletch, E. fletcheri; immersa, E. immersa; jap, E. japonica; lokt, E. loktini; long, E. longicornis; trid, E. tridens.

FIGURE 12 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURE 12. GM analyses (25 landmarks) of valvula 1 and the relative length of flagellum of 5 species. First principal component (PC1) is on the x-axis, relative length of flagellum (sum of lengths of individual flagellomeres divided by sum of breadths) on the y-axis. Specimens discussed in the text, are indicated by their ID numbers.

FIGURES 43–46 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 43–46. Lancets (valvulae 1) of Empria longicornis group: 43, E. alector; 44, E. basalis; 45, E. tridens (specimen h- 02a); 46, E. longicornis (specimen h-22a).

FIGURE 17 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURE 17. Phylogeny of about a quarter of ITS1 reconstructed using BAli-Phy (GTR+4Γ substitution model). Duplicate sequences were removed prior to analyses and are not shown. Clades with posterior probabilities less than 0.9 were collapsed. Empria immersa group was used to root the tree. BEL, Belgium; EST, Estonia; ITA, Italy; JPN, Japan; RUS, Russia; SWE, Sweden. al, E. alector; alp, E. alpina; bas, E. basalis; fletch, E. fletcheri; jap, E. japonica; lokt, E. loktini; long, E. longicornis; trid, E. tridens.

FIGURES 40–42 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 40–42. Lancets (valvulae 1) of Empria longicornis group: 40, E. japonica; 41, E. longicornis; 42, E. tridens.

FIGURES 1–2. Empria japonica n in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 1–2. Empria japonica n. sp.: 1, head in anterior view (A, minimal distance between toruli, B, minimal ventro-ocular distance, C, maximal height of the compound eye); 2, head in dorsal view (A, head breadth, B, minimal distance between the compound eye and the occipital carina = head length behind the compound eye = head length, C, maximal length of the compound eye).

FIGURES 1–2. Eleodes curvidens, n in A new species of Eleodes (Eleodes) from Mexico, with ecological and phenological notes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

FIGURES 1–2. Eleodes curvidens, n. sp. 1, paratype female (OSUC 254746), dorsal habitus; 2, paratype male (OSUC 254745), dorsal habitus.

FIGURES 2–5 in A new species of Trechalea Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Trechaleidae: Trechaleinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on its natural history and ecology

FIGURES 2–5. Trechalea tirimbina sp. nov. (2 Tirimbina river at "Reserva Biológica Tirimbina", north-eastern Costa Rica, 3 male, 4 female on hunting posture, 5 female with egg sac and spiderlings). Photos: W. Lapinski.

FIGURES 16–19 in A new species of Trechalea Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Trechaleidae: Trechaleinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on its natural history and ecology

FIGURES 16–19. Trechalea tirimbina sp. nov., female epigynum (16, 17, ventral, 17 detail of middle field, 18, 19 dorsal, 19 detail of the head of spermathecae). (AS = accessory spermathecae, CD = copulatory duct, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermathecae, LL = lateral lobes, MF = middle field of epigynum).

FIGURES 6–9 in A new species of Trechalea Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Trechaleidae: Trechaleinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on its natural history and ecology

FIGURES 6–9. Trechalea tirimbina sp. nov., male palpus (6, 7, ventral, 8, 9 retrolateral). (DD = dorsal division of MA, E = embolus, ECD = ectal division of RTA, END = ental division of RTA, G = guide (terminal end of MA), MA = median apophysis, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST = subtegulum, T = tegulum, VD = ventral division of MA).

FIGURES 10–15 in A new species of Trechalea Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Trechaleidae: Trechaleinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on its natural history and ecology

FIGURES 10–15. Trechalea tirimbina sp. nov., male palpus (10 ventral, detail of median apophysis, 11 retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral, 12 ectal division of RTA, retrolateral 13 detail of ECD, retrolateral 14 tarsal claw of right leg II, lateral 15 female left palpal claw, lateral). (DD = dorsal division of MA, E = embolus, ECD = ectal division of RTA, END = ental division of RTA, G = guide (terminal end of MA), MA = median apophysis, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, T = tegulum, VD = ventral division of MA).

FIGURE 4 in Systematics and ecology of species of the Polydora - complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) of the Black Sea

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of adult Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883), Sta. BS05/01 (44°19.29ˏN, 29°30.27ˏE), 11 Aug 2007: (A) Anterior end, dorsal view, showing palp scars and ciliary bands of nuchal organs; (B) Anterior end, left lateral view, showing enlarged chaetiger 5 with heavy modified spines arranged in horizontal curved row, dorsal superior and ventral inferior capillary chaetae, parapodial lobes and postchaetal lamellae; (C) Chaetiger 5, right side lateral view, showing heavy modified spines and bundles of dorsal superior and ventral inferior capillary chaetae; (D) Chaetiger 5, right side lateral view, showing heavy modified spines and bundles of dorsal superior and ventral inferior capillary chaetae; (E) Posterior segments, left lateral view, showing specialized notopodial capillaries and awl-shaped spines and neuropodial rows of hooded hooks; (F) Posterior end with pygidium, right dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A, E and F, 200 μm; B, 500 μm; C, 30 μm; D, 20 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Systematics and ecology of species of the Polydora - complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) of the Black Sea

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of adult Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802, Agigea (44°04ˏ57.4ˏˏN, 28°38ˏ36.3ˏˏE), 5 Aug 2003: (A) Anterior end, dorsal view, showing basal part of palps, occipital antenna, ciliary bands of nuchal organs and nototrochs on chaetigers 3, 4 and 7; (B) Anterior end, left lateral view, showing occipital antenna on caruncle, enlarged chaetiger 5 with notochaetae arranged in a slightly curved horizontal row, branchiae from chaetiger 7, parapodial lobes and postchaetal lamellae; (C) Chaetiger 5, right side ventral view, showing heavy falcate spines with lateral tooth and subterminal flange (indicated by the arrow) and companion chaetae with disheveled, feather-like distal tip (right) and with compact, broomlike distal tip (left); (D) Chaetiger 5, left side dorsal view, showing different degrees of wear of major spines; (E) Neuropodial hooded hooks of chaetiger 8, left lateroventral view (dorsal side is to the left and the anterior end is down), showing external openings of secretory cells of glandular pouches; (F) Posterior end, right laterodorsal view, showing terminal anus and numerous glandular epithelial cells on disk-like pygidium. Scale bars: A and F, 200 μm; B, 300 μm; C–E, 20 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Systematics and ecology of species of the Polydora - complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) of the Black Sea

FIGURE 1. Map showing records of Polydora, Dipolydora, and Pseudopolydora in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean: Polydora cornuta (blue circles): (1) Tena et al. (1991); (2) Radashevsky (2005), Surugiu (2005a); (3) Çinar et al. (2005), Ergen et al. (2006); (4) Todorova & Panayotova (2006); (5) Boltachova & Lisitskaya (2007); (6) Daġli & Ergen (2008), Çinar et al. (2011); (7) Karhan et al. (2008); (8) Simboura et al. (2008); (9) Bondarenko (2011); (10) Losovskaya (2011); (11) Selifonova (2011). Polydora websteri (red triangles): (12) Surugiu (2005a); (13) Lisitskaya et al. (2010). Dipolydora quadrilobata (yellow squares): (14) Požar-Domac (1978), Castelli et al. (1995); (15) Todorova & Panayotova (2006); (16) present study. Dipolydora caulleryi (black diamonds): (17) Dumitrescu (1960); (18) Castelli et al. (1995); (19) Simboura & Nicolaidou (2001). Pseudopolydora antennata (white stars): (20) Carrazzi (1895); (21) Dumitrescu (1960); (22) Simboura & Nicolaidou (2001); (23) Çinar et al. (2011).