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FIGURE 2 in New Palaeogene horntail wasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) and a discussion of their fossil record

FIGURE 2. Xoanon? eocenicus sp. nov., SMF coll. no. MeI 14895, detail showing wing venation. A, photograph. B, drawing of fore wing venation. Labelling of longitudinal veins in capital letters, cells in capital italic letters, cross-veins in small letters. Scale bar represents 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in New Palaeogene horntail wasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) and a discussion of their fossil record

FIGURE 1. Xoanon? eocenicus sp. nov., SMF coll. no. MeI 14895, photograph of whole fossil. Scale bar represents 1mm.

FIGURE 4 in New Palaeogene horntail wasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) and a discussion of their fossil record

FIGURE 4. Urocerus ligniticus, new additional specimen, MNHN coll. no. JMP-Menat-801, photograph of whole fossil. Scale bar represents 5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in New Palaeogene horntail wasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) and a discussion of their fossil record

FIGURE 3. Fore wings of extant Siricidae with aberrations in the wing venation. Black arrows point to aberrations. A, wings of Urocerus gigas with an additional half cross vein 2r-m. B, wings of Sirex juvencus with strong aberrations in the same wing region. Both specimens are from the Hymenoptera collection of Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt. Scale bars represent 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in New Palaeogene horntail wasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) and a discussion of their fossil record

FIGURE 5. Urocerus ligniticus, new additional specimen, MNHN coll. no. JMP-Menat-801, detail showing fore wing venation, drawing. Labelling of longitudinal veins in capital letters, cross-veins in small letters. Scale bar represents 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Supplementary data from: The Holocene fossil record of the slow loris (Nycticebus sp.) in Java (Indonesia)

Supplementary data from: The Holocene fossil record of the slow loris (Nycticebus sp.) in Java (Indonesia) Abstract: Fossil lorises are rare in Southeast Asia. Their taxonomic relationship with extant populations, and the extent to which their distribution and morphology are influenced by changing environmental conditions, remain poorly understood. This study provides a synthesis of Nycticebus occurrences in Holocene Java (Indonesia). A morphometric analysis of a sample of craniodental remains aims to improve our understanding of their taxonomic status. Morphometrics were also used to explore potential size changes during the Holocene. Based on the literature and a review of museum catalogs, a synthesis was compiled of fossil slow loris occurrences in Java. Morphometric data on the mandible and maxilla of 11 fossil lorises were compared with a dataset of extant specimens to assess variation in size and shape. Five Holocene Nycticebus occurrences were identified in eastern Java. All specimens fall in the range of N. javanicus and N. coucang. The specimens from Hoekgrot, Gua Jimbe and Sampung suggest a closer affinity to N. javanicus. The fossils from Gua Jimbe and Hoekgrot gave values close to the largest N. javanicus specimens, but the (presumably older) Song Terus fossil was of average size. The distribution of Nycticebus suggests that it originally occurred throughout the island. The fossils are probably best identified as N. javanicus or N. coucang, but the Neolithic finds from Hoekgrot and Gua Jimbe are presumably N. javanicus. Size variation in Nycticebus was clinal, but although some large specimens were present, no evidence was found for size diminution during the Holocene.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Paired annual-resolution Sr/Ca and δ18O records of four 4.2 ka fossil corals from the northern South China Sea

This dataset reports paired annual-resolution Sr/Ca and δ18O measurements of four fossil Porites corals collected from the northern South China Sea. The ages of the fossil corals were determined by U-Th geochemistry, yielding corrected 230Th ages around 4200 years before the present. The Sr/Ca measurements were carried out using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES; Agilent 5110) and the δ18O measurements were performed using a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS, GV Isoprime II). The international coral standard JCp-1 was measured along with the samples, yielding an average value of 8.79 ± 0.05 mmol/mol (2SD, n = 8).

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Abelisauroidea (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from Africa: a review of the fossil record

Figure 1. Abelisauroidea phylogeny (modified from Baiano et al., 2021).

Figure 6 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 6. Fossilized soft parts released from the demineralized tendons of Homalocephale calathocercos (A, C–E) and Edmontosaurus regalis (B, F–P). The sample of H. calathocercos (A) and E. regalis (B) during demineralization. Note the presence of tubular structures released from the mineral phosphate matrix of the fossilized tendons. Dense network of blood vessels forming a mesh-like structure with thicker and thinner vessel-like tubes adjacent to the surface sheath of the partially demineralized tendon of H. calathocercos, visible in: C, transmitted light; D, SEM image (yellow asterisk indicate spot for EDS survey); E, EDS spectrum collected from the blood vessel-like structures reveals the presence of alumino-silicates (Al, Si, O) as the main components; F, tubular structure resembling blood vessels released during the demineralization process; G, the surface of the tubular structure released after demineralization, note the presence of

Figure 5 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 5. Structure of Homalocephale calathocercos tendons: A, a colour-scaled topographic image of surface of an individual vascular canal in the tendon (depth profiling); B, reflected light microscopic image of one of the examined vascular canals with lines expressing depth profiles (not to scale); C–H, detailed AFM images of one of the fibre bundles (fascicles) demonstrated in lock-in-amplitude (C, E, G) and lock-in-phase (D, F, H) images; I, AFM topographical image presenting fibre bundles and four measuring profiles; J, surface topology of one of the measure profiles (no. 2 in I) suggesting periodicity of about 24 nm expressed in tip displacement (Supporting Information, Data S2).

Figure 3 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 3. Light microscopy and SEM of petrographic thin sections and etched surfaces of fossilized ornithischian tendons of Pinacosaurus grangeri: A, cross-section of a larger tendon from the specimen with three associated tendons; B, C, centre of the large, single tendon showing extensive secondary remodelling under normal (B) and polarized (C) light; D, secondary remodelling close to the periphery of the same tendon under transmitted polarized light alpha-compensation mode; E, interfascicular spaces between secondary osteons surrounded by cement lines; F, higher magnification of interfascicular spaces. Note that the fascicles and interfascicular spaces appear to be present in primary tissue only. Green arrows (A–E) mark secondary osteons, orange arrows (E, F) point to cement lines, red arrows (B, C, E, F) indicate interfascicular spaces, and yellow (A, B) point at bone cell lacunae.

Figure 1 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 1. Light microscopy and SEM of petrographic thin sections and etched surfaces of fossilized ornithischian tendons of Edmontosaurus regalis: A, B, ground section (transverse) of the smaller tendon under transmitted normal light (A) and polarized light alpha-compensation mode (B) exhibiting primary organization of tissue; C, D, ground section (transverse) of the periphery (C) (under transmitted normal light) and centre (D) (under polarized light) of the larger tendon; E, circular backscatter detector (CBS-SEM) image of the etched surface of the tendon shows structures interpreted as vascular canals with vessel-like morphology and attached cell-like structures, well visible branched protrusions (red arrow) are also visible; F, CBS-SEM image longitudinal section of the vessel-like canals with cell-like structures attached to the wall (blue arrow). White arrows indicate young Haversian canals, green mark secondary osteons, and yellow point at bone cell lacunae.

Figure 2 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 2. Light microscopy and SEM of petrographic thin sections and etched surfaces of fossilized ornithischian tendons of Homalocephale calathocercos: A, B, general view of the cross-sectioned tendon under transmitted normal (A) and polarized (B) light; C, close-up of the middle of the tendon showing a lattice-like pattern of the coarse collagenous fibre bundles under polarized light; D, close-up of secondary osteons with poorly marked cement lines; E, close-up of the periphery of the tendon under normal light; F, longitudinal section of the tendon under polarized light showing the herringbone-like pattern; G, cross-sectioned tendon in the SEM. Green arrows mark primary osteons, yellow arrow points bone cell lacunae, red asterisk indicate secondary osteons.