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FIGURE 1. Translucent 3D in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 1. Translucent 3D-models of Cambarellus diminutus sample C7tank in combination with 3D-models of calcite clusters, which precipitated inside the carcass during its decomposition in freshwater. 1.1 3D-model without calcite clusters on day 1. 1.2 3D-model on day 2 showing a small amount of calcite clusters inside the cephalothorax and the first tergite. 1.3 3D-model on day 4 showing a lot of calcite clusters inside the antennules, the left major propodus, the rostrum, the cephalothorax, the tergites, the uropods, and the telson. 1.4 3D-model on day 7, showing widespread calcite clusters at the inner side of the carapace of the carcass except the dorsal side of the cephalothorax and the tergites (see also Figure.4.1). 3D-models were reconstructed based on µ-CT data.
FIGURE 6. 3D in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 6. 3D-models and SEM-images of sample C3tank. 6.1 3D-model of the whole crayfish in dorso-lateral view. 6.2 3D-model of the chela of the first left pereiopod in combination with a SEM-image of the calcified muscle of the dactyl. 6.3 SEM-image of a calcified muscle from the inside of the dactyl of the chela of the first left pereiopod. 3Dmodels were reconstructed based on µ-CT data.
FIGURE 5 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 5. SEM-images of several diverse calcite structures which precipitated inside the carcasses. 5.1 Bispherical structure with mineralized setae and a part of the cuticle layers. 5.2 and 5.3 Spherical structures. 5.4 Elliptical structure which is tapering at the left side. 5.5 Complex structure. 5.6 Bispherical structure with mineralized setae and a part of the cuticle layers.
FIGURE 8 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 8. Hypothetical scenarios of calcium dissolution and precipitation of calcite clusters inside decomposing crayfish without (8.1-2) and with gastroliths in tank water (8.3-4). 8.1 Low pH-values around and inside the carcass caused by an enzymatic self-digestion (autolysis) and bacterial activity release dissolved calcium ions which migrate out of the carapace into the body cavity and into the environment (red arrows). 8.2 Increase of the pH-value inside the carcass caused by microbial activities during the putrefaction result in a precipitation of calcite clusters at the inner side of the carapace, consisting of previously dissolved calcium ions out of the cuticle layers. 8.3 Low pH-values around and inside the carcass caused by enzymatic self-digestion (autolysis) and bacterial activity resulted in an accumulation of dissolved calcium ions (red arrows). In addition, low pH conditions inside the stomach and decay of the "gastrolith-cavity-membrane" resulted in dissolving calcium ions from the gastroliths. 8.4 An increase of the pHvalue inside the carcass, along the inner side of the carapace, caused by microbial activities during the putrefaction resulted in a precipitation of calcite clusters by previously dissolved calcium ions out of the cuticle layers and gastroliths.
FIGURE 7 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 7. Representative Raman spectra of a mineralized muscle of Cambarellus diminutus (sample C3tank) and observed crystal clusters compared to Raman reference spectra of crystalline calcite and apatite, taken from the RRUFF Raman data base (*R040170, #R060070, Laetsch and Downs, 2006). Raman spectra of the mineralized muscle as well as of the crystal cluster exhibit all main Raman bands typically observed in well crystallized calcite, including the lattice modes, which are absent in amorphous calcium carbonate (Wang et al., 2011).
FIGURE 3 in Early Pleistocene freshwater fishes of Copăceni (Dacian Basin, southern Romania)
FIGURE 3. Carnivorous fish remains from Copăceni: 1-4, Silurus sp., first pectoral fin ray in ventral (1), dorsal (2), medial (3), and proximal (4) views; 5, Silurus sp., cranial bone fragment in dorsal view; 6-17, Salmonidae gen. et sp. indet., isolated vertebrae in anterior (6, 10, 14), lateral (7, 8, 13, 16, 17), ventral (9, 12, 15), and dorsal (11) views; 18- 26, Esox sp., isolated maxillary (18-21) and palatal teeth (22-26) in anterior (18, 20, 26), lateral (19, 21, 23, 25), and posterior (22, 24) views; 27-30, Esox sp., isolated vertebra centrum in anterior (27), lateral (28), dorsal (29), and ventral (30) views; 31-33, Perca sp., dorsal fin ray in posterior (31), lateral (32), and anterior (33) views; 34-35, Percidae gen. et sp. indet., premaxilla fragment in antero-medial (34) and ventral (35) views. All scale bars equal 1 mm. See text for inventory numbers.
FIGURE 2 in Early Pleistocene freshwater fishes of Copăceni (Dacian Basin, southern Romania)
FIGURE 2. Cyprinid fossil remains from Copăceni: 1-2, Leuciscus sp., pharyngeal tooth in lateral (1) and medial (2) views; 3-4, Rutilus cf. frisii, pharyngeal tooth in occlusal (3), and side (4) views; 5-12, Rutilus sp.: 5-6, pharyngeal bone in medial (5) and ventral (6) views, 7-12, pharyngeal teeth in lateral (7, 10, 12), and occlusal (8, 9, 11) views; 13- 15, Scardinius cf. ponticus, pharyngeal tooth in medial (13), occlusal (14), and lateral (15) views; 16-18, Scardinius sp. Copăceni, pharyngeal tooth in medial (16), occlusal (17), and lateral (18) views; 19-20, Scardinius sp., pharyngeal tooth in medial (19) and lateral (20) views; 21-22, Chondrostoma sp., pharyngeal tooth in occlusal (21) and lateral (22) views; 23-24, Barbus sp., pharyngeal tooth in occlusal (23) and lateral (24) views; 25-26, Barbinae gen et sp. indet., dorsal fin ray fragment in left (25) and right (26) lateral views; 27-28, Carassius sp., pharyngeal tooth in occlusal (27) and lateral (28) views; 29-30, Tinca sp., pharyngeal tooth in occlusal (29) and lateral (30) views; 31, Abramis sp., pharyngeal tooth in lateral view; 32, Squalius sp., pharyngeal tooth in lateral view; 33, Cyprinidae gen et sp. indet., pharyngeal bone fragment in ventral view. All scale bars equal 1 mm.
FIGURE 1. 1 in Early Pleistocene freshwater fishes of Copăceni (Dacian Basin, southern Romania)
FIGURE 1. 1, location of Copăceni in Romania; 2, location of the fossil site on the left bank of Argeș River; 3, outcrop at the Copăceni-Park fossil site. Human scale equals 1.75 m.
FIGURE 5 in Genetic differentiation through dispersal and isolation in two freshwater fish species from coastal basins of Northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 5 | Time-calibrated phylogeny for samples of Prochilodus lacustris from Maranhão coastal basins and Tocantins basin. Time is in thousands of years. The color bars in the tree correspond to the populations presented in Fig. 3A.
FIGURE 4 in Genetic differentiation through dispersal and isolation in two freshwater fish species from coastal basins of Northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4 | Time-calibrated phylogeny for samples of Schizodon dissimilis from coastal basins of northeastern Brazil. Time is in thousands of years. The color bars in the tree correspond to the populations presented in Fig. 2A.
FIGURE 3 in Genetic differentiation through dispersal and isolation in two freshwater fish species from coastal basins of Northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3 | Distribution and haplotype structure of Prochilodus lacustris. A. Paleodrainage reconstruction of coastal basins from northeastern Brazil and geographic distribution of groups defined by SAMOVA. B. Estimate of the probable groups of populations produced by the BAPS. C. Haplotypes networks of mtDNA control region. All analysis recovered a total of six groups in this area, but the SAMOVA do not identify the same groups that other analysis. The colors used to highlight areas in the network correspond to populations in map.
Fig. 2 in Analysis of propagule pressure and genetic diversity in the invasibility of a freshwater apex predator: the peacock bass (genus Cichla)
Fig. 2. Structure bar plots of probabilities of assignment of each individual from populations of CP in green (1 - TOC, 2 - ITU, 3 - ML and 4 - FU) and CK in red (5 - TOC, 6 - ITU, 7 - TRM, 8 - RD). Probabilities of assignment (q) of each individual to each cluster are shown along the x-axis.
Fig. 2. Area diagram depicting relationships among the 24 in Biogeography of freshwater fishes from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion: distribution, endemism, and area relationships
Fig. 2. Area diagram depicting relationships among the 24 coastal drainages analyzed, obtained by parsimony analysis of endemicity based on freshwater fishes. The topology represents the strict consensus of five equally parsimonious trees obtained through a heuristic search (length= 71 steps, CI = 0.521, RI = 0.709).
Fig. 1 in Biogeography of freshwater fishes from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion: distribution, endemism, and area relationships
Fig. 1. Map showing the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, the rivers included in the PAE, and the groups recovered from the analysis. Adjacent freshwater ecoregions are: (327) São Francisco, (329) Paraíba do Sul, and (344) Upper Paraná.
Fig. 1 in Effect of water temperature and prey concentrations on initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a freshwater fish
Fig. 1. Total length of Lophiosilurus alexandri after 15 days of exogenous feeding. The graph "A" and "B" showed the best temperature for the prey concentration P 700 and P 1,300, respectively.
Fig. 2 in Effect of water temperature and prey concentrations on initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a freshwater fish
Fig. 2. Mean body weight of Lophiosilurus alexandri after 15 days of exogenous feeding. Different letters represent significant differences (P<0.05) among temperatures (a, b, c and d) and prey concentrations (x and y).
Fig. 7 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups
Fig. 7. (A) The relationship between total gill area (cm2) and Relative Opening of the spiracle. (B) Linear regression of the mass-specific gill area (cm2 g-1) and body surface area (cm2) of different potamotrygonid embryos: upsidedown triangle - Plesiotrygon iwamae; star - Paratrygon aiereba; diamond - Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); dot - Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); triangle - Potamotrygon orbignyi; square - cururu ray Potamotrygon sp.
Fig. 6 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups
Fig. 6. The two main axes of a principal component analysis based on total gill area, mass-specific gill area, body mass, total length, Anatomical Diffusion Factor and Relative Opening of Spiracule (ROSp) in the different potamotrygonid embryos: black triangle - Plesiotrygon iwamae; open diamond - Paratrygon aiereba; circle - Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); open triangle - Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); black square - Potamotrygon orbignyi; open square - Potamotrygon sp. (cururu ray).
Fig. 5 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups
Fig. 5. Triplot of log (Anatomic Diffusion Factor) versus log(water/blood barrier thickness) versus log(mass-specific gill area) of the potamotrygonid embryos.
Fig. 3 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups
Fig. 3. Mass-specific gill area of the anterior and posterior hemibranchs of the gill arches in different potamotrygonid embryos: (A) Potamotrygon orbignyi; (B) Potamotrygon sp.; (C) Potamotrygon motoro (from Negro River); (D) Potamotrygon motoro (from Solimões River); (E) Plesiotrygon iwamae; (F) Paratrygon aiereba.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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